雅思阅读考情回顾Word文档格式.docx

雅思阅读考情回顾Word文档格式.docx

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Passage1:

Thedinosaursfootprintsandextinction，恐龙的足迹与灭绝

Passage2:

TacklingHungerinMsekeni，粮食与教育

Passage3:

groupbehavior，集体行为

四、篇章分析：

Passage1：

文章内容

各段概括：

人们认为恐龙的灭绝是因为陨石，而有一个科学家认为恐龙的繁荣也是由于陨石。

恐龙比人们认为的要小。

恐龙的足迹并不能够用来精确的辨别出不同的物种。

在岛屿上的蜥蜴生长的体型很大，因为没有竞争生物。

陨石坑在海里很难发现，因为板块发生了漂移。

题型分布与答案参考

TFNG

1DrPaulOlsenandhiscolleaguesbelievethatasteroidknockmayalsoleadtodinosaurs’boom.

2BooksandmovielikeJurassicParkoftenexaggeratethesizeofthedinosaurs.

3Dinosaurfootprintsaremoreadequatethandinosaurskeletons.

4TheprintswerechosenbyDrOlsentostudybecausetheyaremoredetectablethanearthmagneticfieldtotrackadateofgeologicalprecisewithinthousandsyears.

5Ichnotaxashowedthatfootprintsofdinosaursofferexactinformationofthetraceleftbyanindividualspecies.

6WecanfindmoreIridiumintheearth’ssurfacethaninmeteorites.

Fillintheblank

DrOlsenandhiscolleaguesappliedaphenomenonnamed7toexplainthelargesizeoftheEubrontes,whichisasimilarcasetothatnowadaysreptilesinvadeaplacewherethereareno8;

forexample,onanislandcalledKomodo,indigenoushugelizardsgrowsobigthatpeopleevenregardingthemas9

However,therewerenooldimpacttracebeingfound?

Theanswermaybethatwehave10theevidence.Oldcratersaredifficulttospotoritprobably11duetotheeffectoftheearthmoving.EvenacraterformedinOceanhadbeen12undertheimpactofcrustmovement.Beside,thethirdhypothesisisthatthepotentialevidences---somecratersmaybe13

相关拓展

Thedinosaursfootprintsandextinction

EVERYBODYknowsthatthedinosaurswerekilledbyanasteroid.Somethingbighittheearth65millionyearsagoand,whenthedusthadfallen,sohadthegreatreptiles.Thereisthusanice,ifironic,symmetryintheideathatasimilarimpactbroughtaboutthedinosaurs'

rise.ThatisthethesisproposedbyPaulOlsen,ofColumbiaUniversity,andhiscolleaguesinthisweek'

sScience.

Dinosaursfirstappearinthefossilrecord230myearsago,duringtheTriassicperiod.Buttheyweremostlysmall,andtheysharedtheearthwithlotsofothersortsofreptile.ItwasinthesubsequentJurassic,whichbegan202millionyearsago,thattheyoverrantheplanetandturnedintothemonstersdepictedinthebookandmovie“JurassicPark”.（Actually,though,thedinosaursthatappearedonscreenwerefromthestillmorerecentCretaceous（白垩纪）period.）DrOlsenandhiscolleaguesarenotthefirsttosuggestthatthedinosaursinheritedtheearthastheresultofanasteroidstrike.Buttheyarethefirsttoshowthatthetakeoverdid,indeed,happeninageologicaleyeblink.

Dinosaurskeletonsarerare.Dinosaurfootprintsare,however,surprisinglyabundant.Andthesizesoftheprintsarebeastsasareasgoodanindicationofthesizesofthebeatsasaretheskeletonsthemselves.DrOlsenandhiscolleaguesthereforeconcentratedonprints,notbones.

TheprintsinquestionweremadeineasternNorthAmerica,apartoftheworldthenfullofriftvalleyssimilartothoseinEastAfricatoday.LikethemodernAfricanriftvalleys,theTriassic（n.三叠纪）/JurassicAmericanonescontainedlakes,andtheselakesgrewandshrankatregularintervalsbecauseofclimaticchangescausedbyperiodicshiftsintheearth'

sorbit.（Asimilarphenomenonisresponsibleformoderniceages.）Thatregularity,combinedwithreversalsintheearth'

smagneticfield,whicharedetectableinthetinyfieldsofcertainmagneticminerals,meansthatrocksfromthisplaceandperiodcanbedatedtowithinafewthousandyears.Asabonus,squishy（adj.粘糊糊的）lake-edgesedimentsarejustthethingsforrecordingthetracksofpassinganimals.Bydividingthelabourbetweenthemselves,thetenauthorsofthepaperwereabletostudysuchtracksat80sites.

Theresearcherslookedat18so-calledichnotaxa（群落）.Thesearerecognisabletypesoffootprintthatcannotbematchedpreciselywiththespeciesofanimalthatleftthem.Buttheycanbematchedwithageneralsortofanimal,andthusactasanindicatorofthefateofthatgroup,evenwhentherearenobonestotellthestory.FiveoftheichnotaxadisappearbeforetheendoftheTriassic,andfourmarchconfidentlyacrosstheboundaryintotheJurassic.Six,however,vanishattheboundary,oronlyjustsplutteracrossit;

andthreeappearfromnowhere,almostassoonastheJurassicbegins.

Thatboundaryitselfissuggestive.ThefirstgeologicalindicationoftheimpactthatkilledthedinosaurswasanunusuallyhighlevelofiridiuminrocksattheendoftheCretaceous,whenthebeastsdisappearfromthefossilrecord.Iridiumisnormallyrareattheearth'

ssurface,butitismoreabundantinmeteorites.Whenpeoplebegantobelievetheimpacttheory,theystartedlookingforotherCretaceous-endanomalies.Onethatturnedupwasasurprisingabundanceoffernsporesinrocksjustabovetheboundarylayer—aphenomenonknownasa“fernspike”.（n.蕨类）

Thatmatchedthetheorynicely.Manymodernfernsareopportunists.Theycannotcompeteagainstplantswithleaves,butifapieceoflandisclearedby,say,avolcaniceruption,theyareoftenthefirstthingstosetupshopthere.Anasteroidstrikewouldhavescouredmuchoftheearthofitsvegetablecover,andprovidedaparadiseforferns.Afernspikeintherocksisthusagoodindicationthatsomethingterriblehashappened.

BothaniridiumanomalyandafernspikeappearinrocksattheendoftheTriassic,too.Thataccountsforthedisappearingichnotaxa：

thecreaturesthatmadethemdidnotsurvivetheholocaust.Thesurpriseishowrapidlythenewichnotaxaappear.

DrOlsenandhiscolleaguessuggestthattheexplanationforthisrapidincreaseinsizemaybeaphenomenoncalledecologicalrelease.Thisisseentodaywhenreptiles（which,inmoderntimes,tendtobesmallcreatures）reachislandswheretheyfacenocompetitors.ThemostspectacularexampleisontheIndonesianislandofKomodo,wherelocallizardshavegrownsolargethattheyareoftenreferredtoasdragons.Thedinosaurs,inotherwords,couldflourishonlywhenthecompetitionhadbeenknockedout.

Thatleavesthequestionofwheretheimpacthappened.Nolargeholeintheearth'

scrustseemstobe202myearsold.Itmay,ofcourse,havebeenoverlooked.Oldcratersareerodedandburied,andnotalwayseasytofind.Alternatively,itmayhavevanished.Althoughcontinentalcrustismoreorlesspermanent,theoceanfloorisconstantlyrecycledbythetectonicprocessesthatbringaboutcontinentaldrift.Thereisnooceanfloorleftthatismorethan200myearsold,soacraterthatformedintheoceanwouldhavebeenswallowedupbynow.

Thereisathirdpossibility,however.Thisisthatthecraterisknown,buthasbeenmisdated.TheManicouagan'

'

structure"

acraterinQuebec,isthoughttobe214myearsold.Itishuge—some100kmacross—andseemstobethelargestofbetweenthreeandfivecratersthatformedwithinafewhoursofeachotherasthelumpsofadisintegratedcomethittheearthonebyone.

Passage2：

文章介绍了马拉维一个城市长期以来的学生入学率不高的问题被一个免费的上学就有午餐吃的项目给解决了。

ListofHeadings

iWhybetterfoodhelpsstudent’slearning

iiBecomingtheheadmasterofMsekeni

iiiSurprisinguseofschoolpremises

ivGlobalperspective

vWhystudentswereundernourished

viSurprisingacademicoutcome

viiAninnovativeprogramtohelpgirls

viiiHowfoodprogramisoperated

ixHowfoodprogramaffectsschoolattendance

xNoneoftheusualreasons

14ParagraphA

15ParagraphB

16paragraphC

17ParagraphD

18ParagraphE

19ParagraphF

20ParagraphG

Questions21-24

CompletethesentencesbelowusingNOMORETHANTWOWORDS/ORANUMBERfromthepassage.

Writeyouranswersinboxes21-24onyouranswersheet.

21InKumanda’sschool____aregiventogirlsaftertheendoftheschoolday.

22Manychildrenfrompoorfamiliesweresenttocollect_____fromthefield.

23Thankstothefreefoodprogram,_____ofstudentspassedthetest.

24Themodernhumanis_____biggerthanbeforeaftertheindustrialrevolu-tion.

Questions25-26

ChooseTWOletters,A-F.

Writethecorrectlettersinboxes25and26onyouranswersheet.

WhichTWOofthefollowingstatementsaretrue?

ASomechildrenaretaughtintheopenair.

BBernardKumandabecametheheadmasterin1991.

CNonewstaffswererecruitedwhenattendancerose.

DGirlsareoftentreatedequallywithboysinMalawi.

EScientistshavedevisedwaystodetectthemostunderfedstudentsinschool.

FWHOisworriedaboutmalnutritionamongkidsindevelopingcountries.

ATherearenotenoughclassroomsattheMsekeniprimaryschool,sohalfthelessonstakeplaceintheshadeofyellow-blossomedacaciatrees.Giventhisshortage,itmightseemoddthatoneoftheschool’spurpose-builtclassroomshasbeenemptiedofpupilsandturnedintoastoreroomforsacksofgrain.Butitmakessense.Foodmattersmorethanshelter.

BMsekeniisinoneofthepoorerpartsofMalawi,alandlockedsouthernAfricancountryofexceptionalbeautyandgreatpoverty.NowarlayswasteMalawi,noristhelandunusuallycrowdedorinfertile,butMalawiansstillhavetroublefindingenoughtoeat.Halfofthechildrenunderfiveareunderfedtothepointofstunting.HungerblightsmostaspectsofMalawianlife,sothecountryisasgoodaplaceasanytoinvestigatehownutritionaffectsdevelop