英语四级阅读练习及答案Word格式.docx
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A)
doesoriginalresearchtothebasiclawsofnature
B)
appliedtheresultofresearchtopracticalproblems
C)
providesthebasicknowledgeforthepurescientist
D)
isnotinterestedinpracticalproblems
2.Theexamplegiveninthethirdparagraphillustrateshow
purescienceoperatesindependentlyofappliedscience
theappliedscientistdiscoverthebasiclawsofnature
appliedsciencedefinesalltheareasinwhichbasicresearchisdone
appliedsciencesuggestsproblemsforthebasicscientist
3.Finerandfinersubdivisioninthefieldofsciencehasresultedin
thelossoftheneedforspecialists
greaterinterdependenceofeachscience
greaterdependenceofeachscience
theneedforonlyoneclassificationifscientists
4.Geophysicsandbiochemistryare
.
examplesofnewspecialtiesresultingfromcombingsciences
totallydependentsciences
amongtheoldestsciencesknowntoman
bothB)andC)
5.“Thehorizonsofsciencehaveexpanded,”(para1)meansthat
scientistscanseefurtheroutintospace
sciencehasdeveloped
morefieldofhumanendeavor
thehorizonchangessizefromyeartoyear
scientistshavemadeamachineforenlargingthehorizon
PassageTwo:
Friendsplayanimportantpartinourlives,andalthoughwemaytakethefriendshipforgranted,weoftendon’tclearlyunderstandhowwemakefriends.Whilewegetonwellwithonlyanumberofpeople,weareusuallyfriendswithonlyaveryfew.Forexample,theaverageamongstudentsisabout6perperson.Inallthecasesoffriendlyrelationship,twopeoplelikeoneanotherandenjoybeingtogether,butbeyondthat,thedegreeofintimacybetweenthemandthereasonsfortheirsharedinterestvaryenormously.Aswegettoknowpeoplewetakeintoaccountthingslikeages,race,economiccondition,socialposition,andintelligence.Althoughthesefactorsarenotofprimeimportance,itismoredifficulttogetonwithpeoplewhenthereisamarkeddifferenceinageandbackground.
Somefriendlyrelationshipscanbekeptonargumentanddiscussion,butitisusuallyforclosefriendstohavesimilarideasandbeliefs,tohaveattitudeandinterestsincommon—theyoftentalkabout“beingonthesamewavelength”.Itgenerallytakestimetoreachthispoint.Andthemoreintimatelyinvolvedpeoplebecome,themoretheyrelyononeanother.Peoplewanttodofriendsfavorsandhatetobreakanpromise.Equally,friendshavetolearntoputupwithannoyinghabitsandtotolerantdifferencesofopinion.
Incontrastwithmarriage,therearenofriendshipceremoniestostrengthentheassociationbetweentwopeople.Butthesupportingandunderstandingofeachotherthatresultsfromsharedexperiencesandemotionsdoesseemtocreateapowerfulbond,whichcanovercomedifferencesinbackgroundandbreakdownofage,classandrace.
6.Accordingtotheauthor,
.
allthosewhogetonwellwitheachotherarefriends
friendsarecloserthanpeoplewhojustgetonwellwitheachother
everyoneunderstandclearlyhowtomakefriends
everystudentshas6friends
7.Whenwemakefriends,weconsidersuchthingsasage,raceandbackgroundbecause
itisnoteasytohaveafriendlyrelationshipwithpeoplewhenthereisamarkeddifferenceinageandbackground
thedegreedoffriendshipbetweenpeopleandthereasonfortheirsharedinterestscanvarygreatly
friendsneedtoknowallthesethings
thesearethemostimportantfactorstomakefriends
8.Inparagraph2,“beingonthesamewavelength”means
usingthesamefrequencywhiletalking
keepingthesamefriendlyrelationshipasotherpeopledo
havingsimilarideas,beliefs,attitudesandinterests
havingthesamebackground
9.Whichofthefollowingisnotimpliedordirectlystatedinthepassage?
Evenfriendsmayhavedifferencesofopinions
Friendsneverarguewitheachother
Itgenerallytakestimeforpeopletobecomeclosefriends.
Someone’shabitsmayannoyhisfriends.
10.Tostrengthenfriendlyrelationship,people
mustholdfriendshipceremonies
havetoeliminatedifferencesinbackground
shouldmakefriendswiththosewhoareofthesameageandthesamerace
shouldsupportandunderstandeachotherthroughsharedexperiencesandemotions
PassageThree:
Themovementtowardcentralizationofauthorityinstatedepartmentsofeducationhasinsomecasescreatedfrictionwithcommunities,whichregardthismodernpolicyasusurpation(篡夺,夺取)oftheirrights.Constitutionally,therecanbenodoubtthatthestatehasarighttoprescribe(指示)tothelocaldistrictsinanydegreewhichitwill.Legislatures(立法机构)havebeengivenpowerbyStateConstitutionswhichmakethemthemostimportantpolicy-makingagentforeducationinastate.Legislaturesestablishtheframework(机构)foreducation;
theymakedirectappropriationsforeducation;
theycreateeducationalinstitutions;
andtheydeterminewhetherofnotcertaineducationalprogramsaretobeauthorized,expanded,decreased,oreliminated(废除).
TheLegislatureusuallyauthorizesaStateeducationdepartmenttoadministeritspolicies.Itmay,however,provideforastateboardofeducationtoadviseitregardingpolicyandtoadministertheeducationalprogram.Thecentralagencymaydefinetheextentofthelocaldistrictandmaydetermineindetailwhatshallbedonewithinthisdistrict.Whilethisistheconstitutionalrightofthestate,thepracticalfactisthatthelocaldistrictconductsitsschoolsinverylargemeasureaccordingtoitsowndesires,andlocalofficersoftentalkuponstatesupervisionasindefensibleinterference
11.Aboutthecentralizationofauthorityinstatedepartmentofeducation,somecommunitiesfeelthat
theirrightsareimproved
theirrightsareignored
theirrightsareviolated
theirrightsareprotected
12.Accordingtothearticle,whichofthefollowingrightsareNOTbelongtothestate?
Therighttoadministerentranceexamination.
Therighttoexpandordecreaseeducationalprograms.
Therighttobudgetschoolprograms
Therighttocreatededucationalinstitutions.
13.WhatdoestheLegislatureusuallydoinadministeringPolicies?
Itadministerspoliciesbyitself.
ItauthorizesaStateeducationdepartmentadministeritspolicies.
ItisauthorizedbyaStateeducationdepartmenttoadministeritspolicies.
Itauthorizesastateboardofeducationtoadministertheeducationalprogram.
14.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutactualeducationalsituation?
Thelocaldistricthasalotofcontroloveritsschools
Thecentralagencymayextendtheextentofthelocaldistricts
Statesupervisionisnotalwayswelcometolocaldistricts.
LocalofficersforbidStatesupervisioniftheythinkitisakindofinterference
15.whichofthefollowingtitlescanbestsummarizethearticle?
TheLegislatureAdministersitsPolicies
TheCentralizationofAuthorityinStateDepartmentofEducation
TheRoleoftheStateinEducation
TheRightsoftheLocalDistricts
PassageFour:
Somepeoplebelievedthatinternationalsportcreatesgoodwillbetweenthenationsandthatifcountriesplaygamestogethertheywilllearntolivetogether.Otherssaythattheoppositeistrue:
thoseinternationalcontestsencouragefalsenationalprideandleadtomisunderstandingandhatred.Thereisprobablysometruthinbotharguments,butinrecentyearstheOlympicGameshavedonelittletosupporttheviewthatsportsencourageinternationalbrotherhood.Notonlywastherecentincidentoftragedyinvolvingmurderofathletes,buttheGameswereal