GPS原理与应用实习报告Word文件下载.docx
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(3)点数:
10个;
(4)平均点间距:
300m;
(5)选点:
必选点(4个),分别为基线端点及其备用点;
余下6个点自定,但至少应选取3个GPS点,以构成构成结构良好的闭合网形;
(6)观测:
包括GPS网站址环视图绘制,GPS设站和天线的整平、对中、安装,GPS接收机静态系统连接,GPS接收机静态系统参数设置,GPS接收机测站信息记录,GPS接收机静态数据采集与观测信息评价。
(7)成果:
以小队为单位,完成设计、选点、观测,每人分别制作一个点的点之记、进行数据处理和质量控制,并提交各自的结果。
3.3GPS数据处理
数据处理及编辑用HDS2003数据处理软件进行,数据传输和格式转换由南方数据传输与格式转换软件进行。
数据处理主要可分为基线解算、网平差和数据总结等主要步骤。
3.3.1基线解算
(1)以双差观测值列出误差方程和法方程进行平差,一般以点间坐标差为未知数。
求解基线向量及其精度。
(2)解算过程:
建立误差方程V=AX+L;
建立法方程;
求解未知数X;
精度估计
(3)对解算效果不好,残差大的基线向量必须对观测数据进行预处理,再重新进行基线解,以获得合格结果。
分几种情况介绍残差的概念及其作用。
3.3.2GPS网平差
(1)基线平差获得了每条基线的最或是值,但各条基线组成的基线或称基线向量网仍会有不符值(闭合差),必须消除这些不符值。
(2)GPS在WGS-84系统下获得的测量成果,对单点定位,点的坐标可用大地坐标和三维直角坐标表示,对相对定位可用大地坐标差或三维直角坐标差表示。
一般接收机软件给出这两种结果。
(3)解算过程:
;
列出观测方程;
列出约束条件方程;
列出误差方程;
组成法方程;
解算法方程;
精度计算:
计算单位权方差和平差后未知数方差。
3.3.3数据处理总结
7-5号三角观测:
7月5日测量记录表
时段
编号
观测
时间
测站号、名
机号
1
7:
15-8:
15
S05
2509
S04
1
2
3
2
8:
50-9:
50
S18
3
10:
10-11:
10
S39
1213
4
11:
30-12:
30
K0604
网图
7月5号网平差报告
---------------------平差信息-----------------
§
1项目信息
1.1项目属性
项目名称:
实习
项目单位:
地信1011
施工单位:
第四组
负责人:
王永福控制网等级:
测量员:
王永福计算员:
王永福
开始日期:
2013-7-5结束日期:
2013-7-8备注:
7月5号观测
1.2坐标系统
坐标系名称:
中国-王永福
椭球长半轴a:
6378245.000000椭球扁率f:
1/298.300000
投影名称:
高斯投影
尺度:
1.000000投影高:
0.000000
X加常数:
0.000000Y加常数:
500000.000000
平均纬度:
000:
00:
00.000000N中央子午线:
120:
00.000000E
2WGS-84三维无约束平差
2.1平差参数
参考因子:
1.00
χ平方检验(α=95%):
通过
自由度:
12
2.2平差基线边
基线名DX(m)DY(m)DZ(m)距离中误差(m)
dx(m)dy(m)dz(m)ds(m)相对误差
s05→2509.1850-156.6667-89.6820-4.0855180.56580.0794
-0.00020.00670.0019-0.00311:
2275
s18→2509.186092.0296265.7814-300.1492411.33780.1471
-0.00000.00000.00000.00001:
2797
s18→s39.1861-127.465287.7538-232.4175279.22390.0868
-0.0162-0.0823-0.0195-0.00221:
3215
k0604→s39.1862115.6899193.2966-178.2589287.26990.0752
0.01780.0206-0.00130.02181:
3820
s05→s04.185155.4686-88.9615172.7473202.07060.1252
0.0039-0.0241-0.00760.00521:
1613
s18→1213.1861-87.1248-72.469129.4847117.09760.1005
0.04260.06860.0116-0.07121:
1164
k0604→1213.1862156.030333.073783.6433180.09860.0716
-0.0145-0.01100.0027-0.01331:
2515
2509→s04.1860212.13530.7205176.8328276.17340.1199
0.01570.0089-0.0248-0.00381:
2303
s39→1213.186140.3404-160.2229261.9022309.66350.0646
0.0028-0.0737-0.00960.03041:
4793
s39→1213.186240.3404-160.2229261.9022309.66350.0646
-0.0347-0.02820.00580.01501:
2.3T检验列表
基线名T-XT-YT-Z
s05→2509.18500.00270.05250.0225
s18→2509.18600.00000.00000.0000
s18→s39.18610.20230.47840.2173
k0604→s39.18620.17070.12090.0172
s05→s04.18510.01190.07790.0402
s18→1213.18610.17500.16790.0707
k0604→1213.18620.15130.07570.0402
2509→s04.18600.07750.03680.0593
s39→1213.18610.00580.11500.0430
s39→1213.18620.36520.19510.0800
2.4自由网平差坐标
2.5
点 名纬度 (D:
M:
S) 经度 (D:
S) 椭球高(m)点位中误差
纬度中误差经度中误差高程中误差
121331:
15:
11.53895N120:
34:
16.47126E14.81490.0940
0.02790.04860.0756
s0431:
05.73324N120:
33:
57.22258E14.92820.1364
0.04380.07330.1068
250931:
14:
59.01794N120:
04.13969E14.88720.0953
0.02970.05920.0688
k060431:
08.36005N120:
22.18439E14.91980.1013
0.03010.05390.0806
s3931:
01.59969N120:
14.70411E14.41450.0862
0.02600.04830.0668
s1831:
10.41589N120:
12.24307E14.97770.0775
0.02390.04570.0581
s0531:
59.17266N120:
57.31787E14.91010.1134
0.03380.06470.0871
3WGS-84三维约束平差
3.1平差参数
网的参考因子:
0.0000
3.2平差基线边
4二维平差
4.1平差参数
迭代次数:
3.7694
x向平移:
-3421275.8608米y向平移:
-504834.7505米
比 例:
-545.9218ppm旋 转:
1002.9568秒
4.2平面距离平差值
起点终点dx中误差(m)dy中误差(m)平距中误差(m)相对误差
s052509-4.75570.1034180.49310.1168180.55570.15601:
1157
s182509-351.04270.1034-214.26490.1168411.26690.15601:
2636
s39-271.48530.158165.13000.1530279.18840.22001:
1269
k0604s39-208.19990.1316-197.87850.1875287.23350.22911:
1253
s05s04202.02900.0000-2.43100.0000202.04360.00011:
3794343
s18121334.59320.1167111.85570.1165117.08290.16491:
710
k0604121397.87870.1208-151.15280.1266180.07610.17501:
1029
2509s04206.78470.1034-182.92410.1168276.08170.15601:
1769
s391213306.07850.142746.72570.1702309.62450.22211:
1394
4.3平面坐标
点名xx中误差(m)yy中误差(m)中误差(m)E(m)F(m)ET(D:
S)
121337968.94320.116749578.60570.11650.16490.12420.1084135°
26′48″
s0437790.0920*****49069.5610********************<
已知>
250937583.30730.103449252.48510.11680.15600.11990.0999113°
56′23″
k060437871.06460.177949729.75860.17440.24920.18400.1680141°
17′28″
s3937662.86470.158149531.88000.15300.22000.17140.137840°
35′55″
s1837934.3500*****49466.7500********************<
s0537588.0630*****49071.9920********************<
5高程拟合
5.1平差参数
参考点:
s04H=H0+A+B*x+C*yA=-11.7502,B=0.000113087,C=4.61543E-006
5.2拟合坐标
点 名椭球高(m)中误差(m)
12133.08770.0756
s043.1780<
25093.11460.0688
k06043.18230.0806
s392.65240.0668
s183.2460<
s053.1370<
7月6日测量记录表
12:
35-13:
35
D041
S01
S11
S03
13:
50-14:
D042
D011
D021
10-16:
D043
D031
16:
35-17:
D044
D022
D032
7月6号网平差报告
7-6
控制网等级:
计算员:
结束日期:
备注:
7月6号观测
d041→s01.187050.1031-77.0633150.9658176.74770.0991
-0.00890.0025-0.0097-0.01191:
1783
d043→d011.1872-219.2800-177.841967.8849290.37880.0546
-0.01270.00980.04580.01431:
5314
d044→d011.1873188.754582.188141.0862209.93150.0841
0.0039-0.0042-0.00030.00181:
2494
d041→s11.1870157.0824-39.6810188.4563248.52610.0565
-0.00230.00690.00340.00001:
4402
d042→d021.1871177.7377136.6501-44.8957228.64720.0413
-0.00040.0003-0.0001-0.00011:
5537
d043→d021.1871108.4627-21.7070121.9326164.62970.0690
0.4059-0.1899-0.20720.13831:
2386
d044→d022.1872254.2037-55.0007290.7929390.13470.0872
0.00270.01690.02750.01991:
4474
d041→s03.1870120.258659.780015.9662135.24310.0728
0.0120-0.0336-0.0145-0.00591:
1856
d042→s03.1872120.270759.799715.9742135.26350.0463
0.0006-0.00040.00010.00041:
2919
d043→d031.187369.569341.6867-0.578981.10490.0512
-0.0147-0.00710.0268-0.01641:
1583
d044→d032.1874138.3034-122.3617289.7157343.56280.0893
-0.0098-0.0047-0.0215-0.02041:
3846
s01→s11.1870106.979337.382437.4904119.36310.0925
0.0014-0.0104-0.0101-0.00521:
1290
d011→d021.1871327.7428156.134954.0477367.03490.0598
0.0003-0.0837-0.0576-0.04391:
6135
d011→d022.187265.4492-137.1888249.7067292.33160.0424
-0.00060.0003-0.0003-0.00061:
6899
s01→s03.187070.1555136.8433-134.9996204.62840.0989
-0.00440.03010.0309-0.00171:
2069
d011→d031.1873288.8494219.5286-68.4638369.20730.0484
-0.0015-0.00440.0014-0.00411:
7631
d011→d032.1874-50.4511-204.5498248.6294325.88730.0454
0.0024-0.00110.00190.00181:
7177
s11→s03.1870-36.823899.4609-172.4900202.48770.0636
-0.00160.00930.00470.00091:
3185
d021→s03.1872-57.4671-76.850460.8699113.63800.0387
-0.00020.0002-0.0000-0.00011:
2932
d021→d031.1873-38.893463.3937-122.5116143.31970.0564
-0.00210.07700.0568-0.01391:
2541
d022→d032.1874-115.9003-67.3610-1.0772134.05800.0452
0.0030-0.00170.0020-0.00171:
2968
d041→s01.18700.08850.01040.0366
d043→d011.18720.17120.17320.4435
d044→d011.18730.03450.02280.0025
d041→s11.18700.04770.07550.0430
d042→d021.18710.00610.00590.0023
d043→d021.18710.81540.72960.6618
d044→d022.18720.02820.05190.0764
d041→s03.18700.14910.18890.1002
d042→s03.18720.00700.00630.0027
d043→d031.18730.13140.07730.3573
d044→d032.18740.07440.01400.0647
s01→s11.18700.03130.05960.0577
d011→d021.18710.00460.69400.3798
d011→d022.18720.01200.00410.0050
s01→s03.18700.09680.10610.0874
d011→d031.18730.02590.03550.0091
d011→d032.18740.04110.01540.0243
s11→s03.18700.04710.07200.0483
d021→s03.18720.00330.00370.0010
d