被动语态4 步曲文档格式.docx
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有些带双宾语的动词转换为被动语态时,可以有两种形式(即可用直接宾语或间接宾语作主语),这类动词主要的有:
buy,give,lend,pay,show,teach,tell,offer,leave,award等:
他给了她一些钱。
主动:
Hegavehersomemoney.(正)
被动:
Shewasgivensomemoneybyhim.(正)
Somemoneywasgiventoherbyhim.(正)
*主动变被动
即“及物动词sb.sth”的结构可以改写为
“及物动词+sth+forsb.或tosb.”的结构
例如:
givesb.Sth.→Sb.begivensth.
Givesthtosb.→sth.begiventosb.
Buysb.sth.→sb.beboughtsth.
Buysth.forsb.→sth.beboughtforsb.
*常接to的动词有:
bring,give,hand,lend,offer,pass,sell,show,take,通tell等;
常接for的动词有:
build,buy,cook,cut,choose,do,fetch,find,fix,get,keep,make,order,paint,play,sing等。
*主动句的谓语动词变为被动形式,要注意助动词be的时态与主动句的时态保持一致,数与被动句的主语保持一致。
☆主动句的主语变为被动语态中by的宾语(如为代词,主格要变为宾格)。
特例2含复合宾语
宾语和宾语补足语之间关系比较紧密,去掉其中一个成分,句子就不能成立或句意不完整。
而且当名词、形容词、副词、介词短语作宾语补足语时,和宾语之间具有“主系表关系”;
当不定式(短语)或分词(短语)作宾语补足语时,和宾语之间具有“主谓关系”。
WemadeTommonitor.(Tomismonitor.)
Wewillmakeourcountrymorebeautiful.(Ourcountrywillbemorebeautiful.)
Youshouldkeepyourdogin.(Yourdogshouldbein.)
IfoundhiminRoom201.(HewasinRoom201.)
Hemakesusworktenhoursaday.(Weworktenhoursaday.)
weheardhersingingintheroom.(Shewassingingintheroom.)
含复合宾语(宾语+宾补)的主动句改为被动句时,一般把主动句中的宾语改为主语,而宾语补足语保留在谓语动词后面成为主语补足语。
如:
Wealwayskeeptheclassroomclean.我们总是保持教室清洁。
→
Theclassroomisalwayskeptclean.教室总是保持清洁的。
Theyaskedmetohelpthem.他们叫我帮助他们。
Iwasaskedtohelpthem.我被他们叫去帮忙了。
Wesawthemplayingfootball.我们看到他们在踢足球。
Theywereseenplayingfootball.他们被人看见在踢足球。
☆主动句中的谓语是“一感觉(feel)”、“两听(hear,listento)”、“三使(make,let,have)”、“四看(see,watch,look,notice)”时,其后作宾语补足语的动词不定式不用to,但变为被动句时,动词不定式符号to要补上。
SomeonenoticedMrYuleavetheofficeatabout9am.→
MrYuwasnoticedtoleavetheofficeatabout9am.
特例3
短语动词是一个不可分割的整体,在变为被动句时,不可丢掉构成短语动词的介词或副词,也不能将其拆开。
Theworkersputupatallteachingbuildinginourschoollastyear.
→Atallteachingbuildingwasputupinourschoollastyear
这类短语动词常见的还有agreeto,askfor,laughat,listento,lookafter,thinkof,talkabout,callon等。
常用的由“及物动词+副词”构成的短语动词有
bringabout,carryout,findout,giveup,handin,makeout,passon,pointout,putaway,puton,putoff,takeoff,thinkover,workout,turnout,sellout,useup,lookup(查询)等
第4步:
考点预测训练
将下列句子改为被动句。
1.TheprofessorwillgivethestudentsanEnglishspeechtomorrow.
AnEnglishspeech tothestudentsbytheprofessortomorrow.
2.Theyhavepaintedtheirnewhouseblue.
Theirnewhouse bluebythem.
3.MomboughtmeanMP4playerlastweekend.
I anMP4playerbyMomlastweekend.
AnMP4player byMomlastweekend.
4.Thejoke(Lisatold)madeallofuslaugh.
Allofus bythejokeLisatold.
5.Youshouldtakegoodcareofthesebooks.
Thesebooks byyou.
☆参考答案:
1.willbegiven2.hasbeenpainted
3.wasbought;
wasboughtforme
4.weremadetolaugh5.shouldbetakengoodcareof
主动表被动的常见情形
(1)连系动词用主动表被动:
尤其是表示“……起来”的系动词,如sound(听起来),taste(吃起来),smell(闻起来),feel(摸起来),look,seem(看起来)等,尽管它在汉语意思含有被动意味,但英语却要用主动形式表示被动含义。
绸子摸起来柔软光滑。
误:
Silkisfeltsoftandsmooth.
正:
Silkfeelssoftandsmooth.
他并不像他看起来那么傻。
Heisnotsuchafoolasheislooked.
Heisnotsuchafoolashelooks.
(2)某些不及动词用主动表被动:
用作不及物动词vi.的open,close,shut,read,write,translate,wash,clean,lock,sell,wear,cut,cook等,当主语是物,且因该事物本身具有某一固有特点使得谓语动词能以某种方式得以实现或难以实现时,用主动形式表示被动含义。
Thebooksellswell.这本书卖得不错。
Thewindowwon’topen.窗子打不开了。
Thisshirtwillwearverylong.这衬衫可以穿很久。
Thischeesedoesn’tcuteasily.It’stoosoft.这乳酪不容易切,太软了。
(3)几个表示“需要”的动词:
在表示“(某物)需要”的need,want,require等后的动名词用主动形式表示被动含义。
Thehousewantspainting(=tobepainted).房子需要油漆了。
Thefloorrequireswashing(=tobewashed).地板该洗了。
Thepenneedsrepearing.(=toberepeared.)
(4)关于beworthdoingsth:
在beworth后的动名词用主动表示被动。
Hissuggestionisworthconsidering.他的建议值得考虑。
Thisclockishardlyworthrepairing.这个钟几乎不值得修了。
英语不能用被动语态的若干情况
■不及物动词没有被动语态,如rise,happen,succeed,remain,lie,disappear,last等。
Afterthefire,nothingremained.那场大火之后,什么也没留下来了。
Afterthefire,nothingwasremained.
■不及物动词短语没有被动语态,如:
takeplace,breakout,belongto等。
Greatchangeshavetakenplaceheresince1990.自1990年以来这里发生了巨大的变化.
Greatchangeshavebeentakenplaceheresince1990.
■有的及物动词也没有被动语态,如cost,leave,enter,reach,suit,have,wish,hold,own,lack,fit,resemble,jump,mind等。
Sheenteredtheroomjustnow.他刚才进过房间。
Theroomwasenteredbyherjustnow.
Tomjumpedthequeue.汤姆插队。
ThequeuewasjumpedbyTom.
■有些及物的短语动词也没有被动语态,如agreewith,arriveat/in,shakehandswith,succeedin,sufferfrom,happento,walkinto,belongto等。
Idon’tagreewithhim.我不同意他的看法。
Heisn’tagreedwithbyme.()
■宾语是反身代词、相互代词、同源宾语、不定式、v-ing形式及抽象名词等,都不能变为被动句子的主语,如:
ItaughtmyselfFrench.我自学法语。
MyselfwastaughtFrench.
Theyloveeachother.他们相爱。
Eachotherisloved.
Weliveahappylife.我们过着幸福的生活。
Ahappylifeislivedbyus.
Shelikestoswim.她喜欢游泳。
Toswimislikedbyher.
初三,被动语态,练习题
一.选择填空
1.Insomecountries,tea______withmilkandsugar.
A.isservingB.isservedC.servesD.served
2.Greatchanges____inmyhometownsince1980.
A.havebeentakenplaceB.tookplace
C.havetakenplaceD.weretakenplace
3.Thenewtypeofcarisgoingto______inthreeyears.
A.turnoutB.beturnedout
C.hasturnedoutD.havebeenturnedout
5.-Doyouliketheskirt?
-It_______soft.
A.isfeelingB.feltC.feelsD.isfelt
6.Areyoustillhere?
Youwerehereanhourago.Who________for?
A.areyouwaitingB.didyouwait
C.wereyouwaitingD.doyouwait
7._____toknowProfessorZhang.
A.HesaidB.IsaidC.HeissaidD.Itsays
8.-Iwanttositatthetablenearthewindow.
-Sorry,______already.
A.ittookB.ittakesC.itistakingD.ithasbeentaken
9.Theletter_______threedaysagoandit______yesterday.
A.hadpost,hadarrivedB.wasposted,arrived
C.posted,arrivedD.hadbeenposted,wasarrived
10.Hetoldmethatthefinalexamination_______nextThursday.
A.isgivenB.willbegivenC.wouldhavegivenD.wouldbegiven
11.Water______intoice.
A.willchangedB.mustbechanged
C.shouldchangeD.canbechanged
12.Plays______twiceamonthinthattheatre.
A.putonB.areputonC.wasputonD.oftenputon
13.Thebirds_______flyawaylastSaturday.
A.lettoB.islettoC.wasletD.wereletto
14.Astrangesound______yesterdayevening.
A.washeardB.hearsC.heardD.isheard
15.Abeautifulbike_______himbyhisclassmates.
A.senttoB.willsentto
C.wassenttoD.willbesentfor
16.MissChen______just______tospeakatthemeeting.
A.has…beenaskedB.hasbeen…asked
C.Havebeen…askedD.have…beenasked
17.Meat_______outinthisshop.Wecan_________now.
A.havebeensold,getnothing
B.hasbeensold,getnothing
C.hasbeensold,getsome
D.havebeensold,getsome
18.Thenewplay_______intheatrenow.Whydon’tyougoinandseeit?
A.isbeingshownB.isshowingC.isshownD.shows
19.Canyoutell_______?
A.whendidithappenB.whenwasithappened
C.whenithappenedD.whenitwashappened
20.______thejob______byLucyorbyJohn?
Tellmethetruth,please.
A.Has…finishedB.Has…beingfinished
C.Is…finishD.Has…beenfinished
一.1-4BCBC6-10ACDBD
11-15DBDAC16-20ABACD
二.用所给动词的适当时态和语态填空
1.When_____thefirstman-madesatellite_______(send)upintospace?
2.Lastyearvegetables____(grow)inthegardenbyTomandhe_____(sell)themhimself.
3.She______(help)himwithhishomeworktomorrowevening.
4.Howmanymagazines______(canborrow)inyourlibraryeveryweek?
5.John______(hear)togoupstairstwohoursago.
6.-Who______(save)herfather?
-He______(save)bythatpoliceman.
7.Thedoctor______(sendfor)becausehisgrandpawasill.
8.Mooncakes______(make)byhismothereveryyear.______yourmother_____(make)mooncakesforyoueveryyear?
9.Sometoys______(buy)asapresentsforthesechildrenlastMonday.
10._____paper______(make)fromwood?
二.1.wassent2.weregrown,sold
3.willhelp4.canbeborrowed
5.washeard6.saved,wassaved
7.wassentfor8.aremade,Does…make
9.werebought10.Is…made
三.用所给单词完成句子
1.(theoffice/clean/yesterday)
→Theofficewascleanedyesterday.
2.(thehouse/paint/lastmonth)
Thehouse_______________________
3.(threepeople/injure/intheaccident)_________________________
4.(mybicycle/steal/afewdaysago)_________________________
5.(when/thisbridge/build?
)_________________________
6.(you/invite/tothepartylastweek?
7.(how/thesewindows/break?
8.(I/not/wakeup/bythenoise)_________________________
三.2.Thehousewaspaintedlastmonth.
3.Threepeoplewereinjuredintheaccident.
4.Mybicyclewasstolenafewdaysago.
5.Whenwasthisbridgebuilt?
6.Wereyouinvitedtothepartylastweek?
7.Howwerethesewindowsbroken?
8.Iwasn’twokenupbythenoise.
四.Correctthesesentences.(改正下列句子)
1.Thishousebuilt100yearsago.
→Thishousewasbuilt
2.Footballplaysinmostcountriesoftheworld.___________________
3.Whydid