LessonWord格式文档下载.docx

LessonWord格式文档下载.docx

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2.Theplotofthestoryisverysimple.Ayongstudentthoughtthathewasmadlyinlovewiththeprofessor’sdaughter.Hefeltmiserablebecausehecouldnotfindasingleredroseinthewholegardentogivetohislove,andheknewthatwithouttheroseshewouldnotagreetodancewithhimintheballtobegivenbytheprincethenextday.TheNightingaleoverheardthisandwasdeeplytouchedbywhatshebelievedwastheexpressionoftheyoungman’struelove.Soshidecidedtohelptheyoungman,butshewastoldthattheonlywaytogetaredroseinthiscoldwinterwasforhertobuilditoutofhermusicandherheart’sblood.TheNightingaleofcoursealsovaluedherlife,butshewasreadytolaydownherownlifeforthehappinessoftheyoungcouple.Shethereforedidwhatshewastoldtodo.Thenextmorning,themostbeautifuoredroseappeared,buttheNightingalewasfounddeadundertherose-tree.Notknowingwhatithadcosttoproducetherose,thestudentthoughtthathewasveryluckytofindthisflowerandheimmediattelypluckeditandrantotheprofessor’sdaughter.Theprofessor’sdaughterturnedhimdownbecauseshehadalreadyagreedtodancewithChamberlain’snephewwhohadgivenherpreciousstones.Thestudentwasveryangry,sohethrewtheroseawayandreturnedtohisreading.

Thisisatouchingstoryoflove,butnotthelovebetweentheyoungstudentandtheprofessor’sdaughter,becauseneitherofthemunderstoodwhattrueloveis.Thegirlwasinterestedonlyinpowerandmoney,andtheyoungman,inwhatheconsideredpratical.Theonlypersonwhounderstoodlove,treasuredlove,,andwasreadytosacrificeherlifeforlovewastheNightingale,Forherloveiseternalmusic,loveisthemostpreciousthing:

evenmore[reciousthanlofeinself,andtrueloveisalwaysinthefgivingratherthaninthetaking.

Thestoryhowever,containssomeveiledcommentsonlife.Inface,asisoftenthecase,theauthorisverymuchanactorinthislittledrama.Andersen’s“TheUglyDuckling”inwhichtheauthor’schildhoodwasclearlyreflected,inthisstory,therearealsothingsthatremindusoftheauthor’slife.OscarWildeadvocatedtheideaofartforart’ssake,andforthishewasmuchcritized.SowhatthestudentsaidabouttheNightingale’smusic（“Ithasform,butnofeelings”）couldbeviewedasasarcasticresponsetotheauthor’scritics.WildeseemedtobesayingherethathewasliketheNightingal,singingsongaftersong,producingloveandbeautywithbloodfromhisheart,andyettheworldwastostupidtounderstandandappreciatehim.

3.Fairytaleshaveafewinterestingfeatures:

1）Thefrequentuseofpersonification

Thisisself-evidentbecauseitistheverydefinitionoffairytales.Inthisstory,therose-trees,thelizard,thedaisy,thebutterfly,theoak,themoon,andofcoursetheNightingaleareapppersonified.

2）Thesymbolicmeaninggiventowords

Theroseofcourseisthesymboloflove,butmanymentionedinthetextalsostandforsomething,includingthelizard,saisy,andbutterfly,mwhichtheauthorusedonmorethanoneoccasionstostandforcertaincharactertypes

3）Thevivid,simplenarration,whichistypicaloftheoraltraditionoffairytales.

4）Therepetitivepatternused

Atypicalfairytalewouldoftenhaveasequenceofthreeepisodesorthreestepsofthreepeople.Itmightgosomethinglikethis:

Onceuponatime,therewerethreesisters.Thefirstwasugly,andthesecondwasstupid,thethethirdwasbothprettyandclever.Theywouldthenmarrythreemen.Thefirstwereinvariablyobscenelyrichwhereadthethirdwasalwayspoor.Thentheywereforsomereasonsenttolookforsometreasure.Thefirsttwofailedandthethirdsucceeded,butheonlysucceededinhisthirdattemptafterovercomingmanydifficulties…

Letthestudentsdiscusswhetherthesamepatternisfollowedinthistext.

4.OnNovermber14,2000,InternationalHeraldTribunecarriedanarticleentitled“TrutheandWit:

theManyFacesofOscarWilde”writtenbyBenBrantley.Weprintsomeexcerptsofthisarticlehereforyourreference.

TruthandWit:

TheManyFacesofOscarWilde

（NewYourkTimesService）

NewYork:

morethanacenturyago,aneccentricallydressedyoungIrishmanonalecturetourcasthisimageacrosstheUnitedStates.TheUnitedStates,beinganobligingyoungnationinsuchinsuchmatters,threwhisimagebacktohiminaformevenlargerandmorecolorfulthantheoriginal.

NewspapersonbothsidesoftheAtlanticmadenot,madefunandlionizedreprotingeverychangeofclothingandeveryquotablequote,whetherheactuallysaiditornot.AndsowasborntheinternationallegendknowasOscarWilde,who,uptillnow,wasmerelyaLondonpoetasterofsomesocialnotoriety.

Wilde’sactualaccomplishments,disregardingabrilliantundergraduatecareeratOxford,werescantatthatpoint.“Whathashedone,thisyoungman,thatonemeetshimeverywhere?

”aPolishiactresshadaskedinLongsonin1882.Infairness,by1882,theyearWildemadehisAmericantour,hehadpublishedavolumeofhighlyperfumedpoemsandcompletedaratherembarrassingmelodrama.Butthereasonhehadbeencontractedtolecturehadlittletodowithanythinghehadwritten.

ItwasthathewasaPersonality…Indeed,itwasRichareD’OylyCartewhoengagedWilde,thinkingitmightgivetheboxofofficeaboost.Besides,asanEnglishjournalistobservedatthetime,“TheAmericansarefarmorecuriousthanwearetogazeatallthosewhosenames,fromonecauseoranother,havebecomehouseholdwords.”

LongbeforeAmericans,…OscarWilde:

whodied100yearsagothismonth:

wasexpertlypracticingthemodernartofmakingcelebritythefirststepinacareerratherthanitsculmination.Thisis,afterall,amanwhoobservedinhistwentiesthat“successisascience”.

LookingbackonthepresscoverageofWilde’sAmericantour,itisastonishingtoseehowcompletelytheimagewithwhichheisnowidentifiedwasinplace.Before…and“TheImportanceofBeingEarnest”,beforehisdesastrousromancewithLordAlfredDouglasandthefollowingscandalofhistrialsandimprisonment,beforewhatreallyguaranteedhisplaceinliteratureandhistory,thefigurethatcomestomindwhenonehears“OscarWilde:

alreadyexisted.

AlsofirmlyestablishedduringthetourwastheideaofWildeasthecjampionofartforart’ssake.Thiswan’t,bytheway,preciselyhisphilosophy,butinthosedaysthephilosophywasnotyetquiteinshape.ThesubjectofhisAmericanlecturewasbasicallythepursuitofbeautyanditspowerstoennoble.Buthewasstillinventinghistheoriesmoroflessashewentalong.Whatmatteredatthattimewaslesswhathesaidthanhowhesaidit,whichwasofcourseinepigrams,renderedwithbothflourishesandsimplicity.Thentherewerethecostumes:

thekneebreeches,thecavaliercapes,andthemuch-commented-uponlegwear.Theoverallimpressionwas---andis---arch,amusing,divinelydecadent.

Thiswastheimageinthepopularimagination.Thereforeitisamazinghowsomanydifferentimageshavecomefromthissingle,certain,andfixedimagesincehistime.

Thecrudestversionshavemuchitodowithchangesinsociety.Forthefirstfewdecadesofthe20thcentury,hewaslargelyseenasasymbolofcorruptionandself-destruction.TheWildofthecentury’slastdecadesin,incontrast,agaymartyr.

MuchmoreintriguingaretheotherOscarswhokeepshowingupineverythingfrommainstreammoviestoadademicpapers…

HowfittingthatthecollectedworksofWildeofferasourceofinspirationforallsortsofintellectualviewpoints.Caretofindanattractivelittlephrasetospiceupaspeechpromotingelitism?

Howaboutadefenseoftheideathatartshapeshistoryorthathistoryshapesart,oreventhateachexistsentirelyindependentoftheother?

Someoftheseseemingcontradictionsarethenaturalreversalsofopinionbroughtaboutbyadramaticallyevenfullife…thismultisidedsensibilitywaswhatmadeWildeseemsodangerousinthetwilightoftheVictorianera,anagethathadbeenbuiltonsturdycertainties.Paradox,Wildeinsisted,isveryrootofallexistence;

truth,hewrote,issimply“one’slastmood”.Allonecanreallydoinlifeistoexaltandcatertotheorganoftheseshiftingimpressions.

WordswouldalwaysbeWilde’smostpowerfuldefense,andnootherwriterintheEnglishlanguagehasusedthemwiththesameelegance.Hemadeanartformofthesinglesentenceandtheperfectlypoised,contradictoryphrase.Forthatveryreasong,toomuchWildeatoncecancloy,likeadietofchocolates.

Thereis,however,oneworkofartinwhichthestyleofWildebecomesitsownend,withoutoneinapproapriatedetailtomaritsperfection:

“TheImportanceofBeingEarnest”,whichcreatedasealedworldinwhicheveryonespeaksthesameshapelylanguageofparadoxandpracticesthesaereligiousworshipofthingstrivial.

Wildeoncesaidthatoneshouldavoidthe“I”inart,andin“Earnest”heproducedhisonemajorworkinwhichheisinvisible,thoughnooneelsecouldhavewrittenit.“Earnest”isWildeathisbest,turningstyleintosubstanceandviceversa.Unlikemostsatires,itneverstepsoutsideitselftopointafinger.Itmaybethemostperfectcomedyeverwritten.

2Structure

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