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1、2. The plot of the story is very simple. A yong student thought that he was madly in love with the professors daughter. He felt miserable because he could not find a single red rose in the whole garden to give to his love, and he knew that without the rose she would not agree to dance with him in th

2、e ball to be given by the prince the next day. The Nightingale overheard this and was deeply touched by what she believed was the expression of the young mans true love. So shi decided to help the young man, but she was told that the only way to get a red rose in this cold winter was for her to buil

3、d it out of her music and her hearts blood. The Nightingale of course also valued her life, but she was ready to lay down her own life for the happiness of the young couple. She therefore did what she was told to do. The next morning, the most beautifuo red rose appeared, but the Nightingale was fou

4、nd dead under the rose-tree. Not knowing what it had cost to produce the rose, the student thought that he was very lucky to find this flower and he immediattely plucked it and ran to the professors daughter. The professors daughter turned him downbecause she had already agreed to dance with Chamber

5、lains nephew who had given her precious stones. The student was very angry, so he threw the rose away and returned to his reading. This is a touching story of love, but not the love between the young student and the professors daughter, because neither of them understood what true love is. The girl

6、was interested only in power and money, and the young man, in what he considered pratical. The only person who understood love, treasured love, and was ready tosacrifice her life for love was the Nightingale, For her love is eternal music, love is the most precious thing: even more recious than lofe

7、 inself, and true loveis always in the f giving rather than in the taking.The story however, contains some veiled comments on life. In face, as is often the case, the author is very much an actor in this little drama. Andersens “The Ugly Duckling” in which the authors childhood was clearly reflected

8、, in this story, there are also things that remind us of the authors life. Oscar Wilde advocated the idea of art for arts sake, and for this he was much critized. So what the student said about the Nightingales music （“It has form, but no feelings”） could be viewed as a sarcastic response to the aut

9、hors critics. Wilde seemed to be saying here that he was like the Nightingal, singing song after song, producing love and beauty with blood from his heart, and yet the world was to stupid to understand and appreciate him.3. Fairy tales have a few interesting features:1） The frequent use of personifi

10、cationThis is self-evident because it is the very definition of fairy tales. In this story, the rose-trees, the lizard, the daisy, the butterfly, the oak, the moon, and ofcourse the Nightingale are app personified.2） The symbolic meaning given to wordsThe rose of course is the symbol of love, but ma

11、ny mentioned in the text also stand for something, including the lizard, saisy, and butterfly,m which the author used on more than one occasions to stand for certain character types3） The vivid, simple narration, which is typical of the oral tradition of fairy tales.4） The repetitive pattern usedA t

12、ypical fairy tale would often have a sequence of three episodes or three steps of three people. It might go something like this: Once upon a time, there were three sisters. The first was ugly, and the second was stupid, the the third was both pretty and clever. They would then marry three men. The f

13、irst wereinvariably obscenely rich wheread the third was always poor. Then they were for some reason sent to look for some treasure. The first two failed and the third succeeded, but he only succeeded in his third attempt after overcoming many difficultiesLet the students discuss whether the same pa

14、ttern is followed in this text.4. On Novermber 14, 2000, International Herald Tribune carried an article entitled “Truthe and Wit: the Many Faces of Oscar Wilde” written by Ben Brantley. We print some excerpts of this article here for your reference.Truth and Wit: The Many Faces of Oscar Wilde（New Y

15、ourk Times Service）New York: more than a century ago, an eccentrically dressed young Irishman on a lecture tour cast his image across the United States. The United States, being an obliging young nation in such in such matters, threw his image back to him in a form even larger and more colorful than

16、 the original.Newspapers on both sides of the Atlantic made not, made fun and lionized reproting every change of clothing and every quotable quote, whether he actually said it or not. And so was born the international legend know as Oscar Wilde, who, up till now, was merely a London poetaster of som

17、e social notoriety.Wildes actual accomplishments, disregarding a brilliant undergraduate career at Oxford, were scant at that point. “What has he done, this young man, that one meets him everywhere?” a Polishi actress had asked in Longson in 1882. In fairness, by 1882, the year Wilde madehis America

18、n tour, he had published a volume of highly perfumed poems and completed a rather embarrassing melodrama. But the reason he had been contracted to lecture had little to do with anything he had written.It was that he was a Personality Indeed, it was Richare DOyly Carte who engaged Wilde, thinking it

19、might give the box of office a boost. Besides, as an English journalist observed at the time, “The Americans are far more curious than we are to gaze at all those whose names, from one cause or another, have become household words.”Long before Americans, Oscar Wilde: who died 100 years ago this mont

20、h: was expertly practicing the modern art ofmaking celebrity the first step in a career rather than its culmination. This is, after all, a man who observed in his twenties that “success is a science”.Looking back on the press coverageof Wildes American tour, it is astonishing to see how completely t

21、he image with which he is now identified was in place. Before and “The Importance of Being Earnest”, before his desastrous romance with Lord Alfred Douglas and the following scandal of his trials and imprisonment, before what really guaranteed his place in literature an dhistory, th efigure that com

22、es to mind when one hears “Oscar Wilde: already existed.Also firmly established during the tour was the idea of Wilde as the cjampion of art for arts sake. This want, by the way, precisely his philosophy, but in those days the philosophy wasnot yet quite in shape. The subject of his American lecture

23、 was basically the pursuit of beauty and its powers to ennoble. But he was still inventing his theories mor of less as he went along. What mattered at that timewas less what he said than how he said it, which was of course in epigrams, rendered with both flourishes and simplicity. Then there were th

24、e costumes: the knee breeches, the cavalier capes, and the much-commented-upon legwear. The overall impression was-and is-arch, amusing, divinely decadent.This was the image in the popular imagination. Therefore it is amazing how so many different images have come from this single, certain, and fixe

25、d image since his time.The crudest versions have muchi to do with changes in society. For the first few decades of the 20th century, he was largely seen as a symbol of corruption and self-destruction. The Wild of the centurys last decades in, in contrast, a gay martyr.Much more intriguing are the ot

26、her Oscars who keep showing up in everything from mainstream movies to adademic papersHow fitting that the collected works of Wilde offer a source of inspiration for all sorts of intellectual viewpoints. Care to find an attractive little phrase to spice up a speech promoting elitism? How about a def

27、ense of the idea that art shapes history or that history shapes art, or even that each exists entirely independent of the other?Some of these seeming contradictions are the natural reversals of opinion brought about by a dramatically evenful life this multisided sensibility was what made Wilde seem

28、so dangerous in the twilight of the Victorian era, an age that had been built on sturdy certainties. Paradox, Wilde insisted, is very root of all existence; truth, he wrote, is simply “ones last mood”. All one can really do in life is to exalt and cater to the organ of these shifting impressions.Wor

29、ds would always be Wildes most powerful defense, and no other writer in the English language has used them with the same elegance. He made an art form of the single sentence and the perfectly poised, contradictory phrase. For that very reasong, too much Wilde at once can cloy, like a diet of chocola

30、tes.There is, however, one work of art in which the style of Wilde becomes its own end, without one inapproapriate detail to mar its perfection: “The Importanceof Being Earnest”, which created a sealed world in which everyone speaks the same shapely language of paradox and practices the sae religiou

31、s worship of things trivial.Wilde once said that one should avoid the “I” in art, and in “Earnest” he produced his one major work in which he is invisible, though no one else could have written it. “Earnest” is Wilde at his best, turning style into substance and vice versa. Unlike most satires, it never steps outside itself to point a finger. It may be the most perfect comedy ever written.2 StructureThe text can be divided into three