考研英语一真题及答案Word文档格式.docx

考研英语一真题及答案Word文档格式.docx

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　　Scientistssaythecompoundis"

__11__tobecarcinogenic"

buthavenohardscientificproof.__12__theprecautionaryprinciple,itcouldbearguedthatitis__13__tofollowtheFSAadvice.__14__,itwasrumoredthatsmokingcausedcancerforyearsbeforetheevidencewasfoundtoprovea__15__.

　　Doubtlessapieceofboiledbeefcanalwaysbe__16__uponSundayalongsidesomesteamedvegetables,withouttheYorkshirepuddingandnowine.Butwouldlifebeworthliving?

__17__,theFSAsaysitisnottellingpeopletocutoutroastfoods__18__,buttoreducetheirlifetimeintake.However,their__19__riskscomingacrossasexhortationandnannying.Constanthealthscaresjust__20__withnoonelistening.

1.AInBTowardsCOnDTill

　　2.AmatchBexpressCsatisfyDinfluence

　　3.ApatienceBenjoymentCsurpriseDconcern

　　4.AintensifiedBprivilegedCcompelledDguaranteed

　　5.AissuedBreceivedCignoredDcanceled

　　6.AunderBatCforDby

　　7.AforgetBregretCfinishDavoid

　　8.ApartiallyBregularlyCeasilyDinitially

　　9.AUnlessBSinceCIfDWhile

　　10.AsecondaryBexternalCinconclusiveDnegative

　　11.AinsufficientBboundClikelyDslow

　　12.AOnthebasisofBAtthecostofCInadditiontoDIncontrastto

　　13.AinterestingBadvisableCurgentDfortunate

　　14.AAsusualBInparticularCBydefinitionDAfterall

　　15.AresemblanceBcombinationCconnectionDpattern

　　16.AmadeBservedCsavedDused

　　17.ATobefairBForinstanceCTobebriefDingeneral

　　18.AreluctantlyBentirelyCgraduallyDcarefully

　　19.ApromiseBexperienceCcampaignDcompetition

　　20.AfollowupBpickupCopenupDendup

SectionⅡReadingComprehension

PartA

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.（40points）

Text1

AgroupoflabourMPs,amongthemYvetteCooper,arebringinginthenewyearwithacalltoinstituteaUK"

townofculture"

award.Theproposalisthatitshouldsitalongsidetheexistingcityofculturetitle,whichwasheldbyHullin2021andhasbeenawardedtoCoventryforZozl.CooperandhercolleaguesarguethatthesuccessofthecrownforHull,whereitbroughtin220mofinvestmentandanavalacheofarts,outnottobeconfinedtocities.Britain'

town,itistruearenotpreventedfromapplying,buttheygenerallylacktheresourcestoputtogetherabittobeattheirbiggercompetitions.Atownofcultureawardcould,itisargued,becomeanannualevent,attractingfundingandcreatingjobs.

SomemightseetheproposalasaboobyprizeforthefactthatBritainisnolongerbeabletoapplyforthemuchmoreprestigioustitleofEuropeancapitalofculture,asought-afterawardbaggedbyGlasgowin1990andLivorpoolin2021."

AcynicmightspeculatethattheUKisonthevergeofdisappearingintoanendlessfeverofself-celebrationinitsdesperationtoreinventitselfforthepost-Brexitworld:

aftertownofculture,whoknowsthatwillfollow-villageofculture?

Suburbofculture?

Hamletofculture?

Itisalsowisetorecallthatsuchtitlesarenotacure-all.Abadlyrun"

yearofculture"

washesinandoutofaplacelikethetide,bringingprominenceforaspellbutleavingnolastingbenefitstothecommunity.Thereallysuccessfulholdersofsuchtitlesarethosethatdoagreatdealmorethanfillhotelbedroomsandbringinhigh-profileartseventsandgoodpressforayear.Theytransformtheaspirationsofthepeoplewholivethere;

theynudgetheself-imageofthecityintoabolderandmoreoptimisticlight.

Itishardtogetright,andrequiresaremarkabledegreeofvision,aswellascooperationbetweencityauthorities,theprivatesector,communitygroupsandculturalorganisations.Butitcanbedone:

Glasgow'

syearasEuropeancapitalofculturecancertainlybeseenasoneofcomplexseriesoffactorsthathaveturnedthecityintothepowerofart,musicandtheatrethatitremainstoday.

A"

couldbenotjustabouttheartsbutabouthonouringatown'

speculiarities-helpingsustainitshighstreet,supportinglocalfacilitiesandaboveallcelebratingitspeopleandturnitintoaction.

21.Copperandhercolleaguearguethata"

awardwould___.

　　A.consolidatethetowncitytiesinBritain

　　B.promotecooperationamongBrain'

stowns

　　C.increasetheeconomicstrengthofBrain'

　　D.focusBrain'

slimitedresourcesonculturalevents.

22.Accordingtoparagraph2,theproposalmightberegardedbysomeas______.

　　A.asensiblecompromise

　　B.aself-deceivingattempt

　　C.aneye-catchingbonus

　　D.aninaccessibletarget

23.Theauthorsuggeststhatatitleholderissuccessfulonlyifit______

　　A.endeavortomaintainitsimage

　　B.meetstheaspirationofitspeople

　　C.bringsitslocalartstoprominence

　　D.commitstoitslong-termgrowth

24.“Glasgow〞ismentionedinParagraph3topresent______

　　A.acontrastingcase

　　B.asupportingexample

　　C.abackgroundstory

　　D.arelatedtopic

25.Whatistheauthor'

sattitudetowardstheproposal?

A.Skeptical

B.Objective

C.Favorable

D.Critical

Text2

　　Scientificpublishinghaslongbeenalicencetoprintmoney.Scientistsneedjoumalsinwhichtopublishtheirresearch,sotheywillsupplythearticleswithoutmonetaryreward.Otherscientistsperformthespecialisedworkofpeerreviewalsoforfree,becauseitisacentralelementintheacquisitionofstatusandtheproductionofscientificknowledge.

　　Withthecontentofpaperssecuredforfree,thepublisherneedsonlyfndamarketforitsjournal.Untilthiscentury,universitylibrarieswerenotverypricesensitive.Scientificpublishersroutinelyreportprofitmarginsapproaching40%ontheiroperations,atatimewhentherestofthepublishingindustryisinanexistentialcrisis.

　　TheDutchgiantElsevier,whichclaimstopublish25%ofthescientificpapersproducedintheworld,madeprofitsofmorethan£

900mlastyear,whileUKuniversitiesalonespentmorethan£

210min2021toenableresearcherstoaccesstheirownpubliclyfundedresearch;

bothfiguresseemtoriseunstoppablydespiteincreasinglydesperateeffortstochangethem.

　　Themostdrastic,andthoroughlyillegal,reactionhasbeentheemergenceofSci-Hub,akindofglobalphotocopierforscientificpapers,setupin2021,whichnowclaimstoofferaccesstoeverypaywalledarticlepublishedsince2021.ThesuccessofSci-Hub,whichreliesonresearcherspassingoncopiestheyhavethemselveslegallyaccessed,showsthelegalecosystemhaslostlegitimacyamongitsusersandmustbetransformedsothatitworksforallparticipants.

　　InBritainthemovetowardsopenaccesspublishinghasbeendrivenbyfundingbodies.Insomewaysithasbeenverysuccessful.MorethanhalfofallBritishscientificresearchisnowpublishedunderopenaccessterms:

eitherfreelyavailablefromthemomentofpublication,orpaywalledforayearormoresothatthepublisherscanmakeaprofitbeforebeingplacedongeneralrelease.

Yetthenewsystemhasnotworkedoutanycheaperfortheuniversities.Publishershaverespondedtothedemandthattheymaketheirproductfreetoreadersbychargingtheirwritersfeestocoverthecostsofpreparinganarticle.Theserangefromaround￡500to$5,000.Areportlastyearpointedoutthatthecostsbothofsubscriptionsandofthese’’articlepreparationcosts’’hadbeensteadilyrisingatarateaboveinflation.Insomewaysthescientificpublishingmodelresemblestheeconomyofthesocialinternet:

labourisprovidedfreeinexchangeforthehopeofstatus,whilehugeprofitsaremadebyafewbigfirmswhorunthemarketplaces.Inbothcases,weneedarebalancingofpower.

26.Scientificpublishingisseenas“alicencetoprintmoney"

partlybecause___　　A.itsfundinghasenjoyedasteadyincrease.

　　B.itsmarketingstrategyhasbeensuccessful.

　　C.itspaymentforpeerreviewisreduced.

　　D.itscontentacquisitioncostsnothing.

27.AccordingtoParagraphs2and3,scientificpublishersElsevierhave________

　　A.thrivedmainlyonuniversitylibraries.

　　B.gonethroughanexistentialcrisis.

　　C.revivedthepublishingindustry.

D.financedresearchersgenerously.

28.HowdoestheauthorfeelaboutthesuccessofSci-Hub?

　　A.Relieved.

　　B.Puzzled.

　　C.Concerned

　　D.Encouraged.

29.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraphs5and6thatopenaccessterms________

　　A.allowpublisherssomeroomtomakemoney.

　　B.renderpublishingmucheasierforscientists.

　　C.reducethecostofpublicationsubstan