英语考研真题答案Word文档格式.docx
《英语考研真题答案Word文档格式.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《英语考研真题答案Word文档格式.docx(16页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
5he,however,mighttrembleatthe6ofwhatheisabouttodo.togetherwithanothertwoscientists,heispublishingapaperwhichnotonly7thatonegroupofhumanityismoreintelligentthantheothers,butexplainstheprocessthathasbroughtthisabout.thegroupin8areaparticularpeopleoriginatedfromcentraleurope.theprocessisnaturalselection.
thisgroupgenerallydowelliniqtest,912-15pointsabovethe10valueof100,andhavecontributed11totheintellectualandculturallifeofthewest,asthe12oftheirelites,includingseveralworld-renownedscientists,13theyalsosuffermoreoftenthanmostpeoplefromanumberofnastygeneticdiseases,suchasbreastcancer.thesefacts,14avepreviouslybeenthoughtuelated.theformerhasbeen15socialeffects,suchasastrongtraditionof16ucation.thelatterwasseenasa(an)17geneticisolation.dr.cochransuggeststhattheintelligenceanddiseasesareintimately18isargumentisthattheunusualhistoryofthesepeoplehas19emtouniqueevolutionarypressuresthathaveresultedinthis20ateofaffairs.
1.[a]selected[b]prepared[c]obliged[d]pleased
2.[a]unique[b]particular[c]special[d]rare
3.[a]of[b]with[c]in[d]against
4.[a]subsequently[b]presently[c]previously[d]lately
5.[a]only[b]so[c]even[d]hence
6.[a]thought[b]sight[c]cost[d]risk
7.[a]advises[b]suggests[c]protests[d]objects
8.[a]progress[b]fact[c]need[d]question
9.[a]attaining[b]scoring[c]reaching[d]calculating
10.[a]normal[b]common[c]mean[d]total
11.[a]unconsciously[b]disproportionately
[c]indefinitely[d]unaccountably
12.[a]missions[b]fortunes[c]interests[d]careers
13.[a]affirm[b]witness[c]observe[d]approve
14.[a]moreover[b]therefore[c]however[d]meanwhile
15.[a]givenup[b]gotover[c]carriedon[d]putdown
16.[a]assessing[b]supervising[c]administering[d]valuing
17.[a]development[b]origin[c]consequence[d]instrument
18.[a]linked[b]integrated[c]woven[d]combined
19.[a]limited[b]subjected[c]converted[d]directed
20.[a]paradoxical[b]incompatible[c]inevitable[d]continuous
sectioniireadingcomprehension
parta
readthefollowingfourtexts.answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosinga,b,cord.markyouranswersonanswersheet1.(40points)
text1
whilestillcatching-uptomeninsomespheresofmodernlife,womenappeartobewayaheadinatleastoneundesirablecategory.“womenareparticularlysusceptibletodevelopingdepressionandanxietydisordersinresponsetostresscomparedtomen,”accordingtodr.yehuda,chiefpsychiatristatnewyork’sveteran’sadministrationhospital.
studiesofbothanimalsandhumanshaveshownthatsexhormonessomehowaffectthestressresponse,causingfemalesunderstresstoproducemoreofthetriggerchemicalsthandomalesunderthesameconditions.inseveralofthestudies,whenstressed-outfemaleratshadtheirovaries(thefemalereproductiveorgans)removed,theirchemicalresponsesbecameequaltothoseofthemales.
dr.yehudanotesanotherdifferencebetweenthesexes.“ithinkthatthekindsofthingsthatwomenareexposedtotendtobeinmoreofachronicorrepeatednature.mengotowarandareexposedtocombatstress.menareexposedtomoreactsofrandomphysicalviolence.thekindsofinterpersonalviolencethatwomenareexposedtotendtobeindomesticsituations,by,unfortunately,parentsorotherfamilymembers,andtheytendnottobeone-shotdeals.thewear-and-tearthatcomesfromtheselongerrelationshipscanbequitedevastating.”
adelinealvarezmarriedat18andgavebirthtoason,butwasdeterminedtofinishcollege.“istruggledalottogetthecollegedegree.iwaslivinginsomuchfrustrationthatthatwasmyescape,togotoschool,andgetaheadanddobetter.”later,hermarriageendedandshebecameasinglemother.“it’sthehardestthingtotakecareofateenager,haveajob,paytherent,paythecarpayment,andpaythedebt.ilivedfrompaychecktopaycheck.”
noteveryoneexperiencesthekindsofseverechronicstressesalvarezdescribes.butmostwomentodayarecopingwithalotofobligations,withfewbreaks,andfeelingthestrain.alvarez’sexperiencedemonstratestheimportanceoffindingwaystodiffusestressbeforeitthreatensyourhealthandyourabilitytofunction.
21.whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs?
[a]womenarebiologicallymorevulnerabletostress.
[b]womenarestillsufferingmuchstresscausedbymen.
[c]womenaremoreexperiencedthanmenincopingwithstress.
[d]menandwomenshowdifferentinclinationswhenfacedwithstress.
22.dr.yehuda’sresearchsuggeststhatwomen
[a]needextradosesofchemicalstohandlestress.
[b]havelimitedcapacityfortoleratingstress.
[c]aremorecapableofavoidingstress.
[d]areexposedtomorestress.
23.accordingtoparagraph4,thestresswomenconfronttendstobe
[a]domesticandtemporary.
[b]irregularandviolent.
[c]durableandfrequent.
[d]trivialandrandom.
24.thesentence“ilivedfrompaychecktopaycheck.”(line6,para.5)showsthat
[a]alvarezcaredaboutnothingbutmakingmoney.
[b]alvarez’ssalarybarelycoveredherhouseholdexpenses.
[c]alvarezgotpaychecksfromdifferentjobs.
[d]alvarezpaidpracticallyeverythingbycheck.
25.whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?
[a]strainofstress:
nowayout?
[b]responsestostress:
genderdifference
[c]stressanalysis:
whatchemicalssay
[d]genderinequality:
womenunderstress
text2
itusedtobesostraightforward.ateamofresearchersworkingtogetherinthelaboratorywouldsubmittheresultsoftheirresearchtoajournal.ajournaleditorwouldthenremovetheauthors’namesandaffiliationsfromthepaperandsendittotheirpeersforreview.dependingonthecommentsreceived,theeditorwouldacceptthepaperforpublicationordeclineit.copyrightrestedwiththejournalpublisher,andresearchersseekingknowledgeoftheresultswouldhavetosubscribetothejournal.
nolonger.theinternet-andpressurefromfundingagencies,whoarequestioningwhycommercialpublishersaremakingmoneyfromgovernment-fundedresearchbyrestrictingaccesstoit-ismakingaccesstoscientificresultsareality.theorganizationforeconomicco-operationanddevelopment(oecd)hasjustissuedareportdescribingthefar-reachingconsequencesofthis.thereport,byjohnhoughtonofvictoriauniversityinaustraliaandgrahamvickeryoftheoecd,makesheavyreadingforpublisherswhohave,sofar,madehandsomeprofits.butitgoesfurtherthanthat.itsignalsachangeinwhathas,untilnow,beenakeyelementofscientificendeavor.
thevalueofknowledgeandthereturnonthepublicinvestmentinresearchdepends,inpart,uponwidedistributionandreadyaccess.itisbigbusiness.inamerica,thecorescientificpublishingmarketisestimatedatbetween$7billionand$11billion.theinternationalassociationofscientific,technicalandmedicalpublisherssaysthattherearemorethan2,000publishersworldwidespecializinginthesesubjects.theypublishmorethan1.2millionarticleseachyearinsome16,000journals.
thisisnowchanging.accordingtotheoecdreport,some75%ofscholarlyjournalsarenowonline.entirelynewbusinessmodelsareemerging;
threemainoneswereidentifiedbythe
report’sauthors.thereistheso-calledbigdeal,whereinstitutionalsubscriberspayforaccesstoacollectionofonlinejournaltitlesthroughsite-licensingagreements.thereisopen-accesspublishing,typicallysupportedbyaskingtheauthor(orhisemployer)topayforthepapertobepublished.finally,thereareopen-accessarchives,whereorganizationssuchasuniversitiesorinternationallaboratoriessupportinstitutionalrepositories.othermodelsexistthatarehybridsofthesethree,suchasdelayedopen-access,wherejournalsallowonlysubscriberstoreadapaperforthefirstsixmonths,beforemakingitfreelyavailabletoeveryonewhowishestoseeit.allthiscouldchangethetraditionalformofthepeer-reviewprocess,atleastforthepublicationofpapers.
26.inthefirstparagraph,theauthordiscusses
[a]thebackgroundinformationofjournalediting.
[b]thepublicationroutineoflaboratoryreports.
[c]therelationsofauthorswithjournalpublishers.
[d]thetraditionalprocessofjournalpublication.
27.whichofthefollowingistrueoftheoecdreport?
[a]itcriticizesgovernment-fundedresearch.
[b]itintroducesaneffectivemeansofpublication.
[c]itupsetsprofit-makingjournalpublishers.
[d]itbenefitsscientificresearchconsiderably.
28.accordingtothetext,onlinepublicationissignificantinthat
[a]itprovidesaneasieraccesstoscientificresults.
[b]itbringshugeprofitstoscientificresearchers.
[c]itemphasizesthecrucialroleofscientificknowledge.
[d]itfacilitatespublicinvestmentinscientificresearch.
29.withtheopen-accesspublishingmodel,theauthorofapaperisrequiredto
[a]coverthecostofitspublicati