人教版高一英语必修3宾语从句与表语从句详细讲解及练习.doc
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Grammar宾语从句与表语从句
名词性从句
在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句。
名词性从句的作用相当于名词,因此主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。
主语从句:
Whowillwinthematchisstillunknown.
宾语从句:
Iwanttoknowwhathehastoldyou.
表语从句:
Thefactisthatwehavelostthegame.
同位语从句:
Thenewsthatwewonthegameisexciting.
引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类:
连接词(不充当从句的任何成分):
that,whether,if
连接代词:
what,who,whom,whose,which,wh+ever
连接副词:
when,where,how,why
ObjectClauses宾语从句
请对应写出句子成分
Iknowhim.
()()()
Iknowwhoheis.
()()()
请用横线画出下面句子的宾语从句部分。
1、Iknowhim.
2、Doyouhavethetime?
3、Ithinkthatsheisbeautiful.
4、Whydon’tyoupayattentiontome?
总结:
宾语通常位于谓_____________或者_____________后
一、宾语从句的概念:
宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。
位置:
通常放在主句谓语动词(及物动词)或介词之后。
句子结构:
主句+连词(引导词)+宾语从句
e.g.Sheaskediftheseanswerswereright.
Wecanlearnwhatwedonotknow.
HewilltalktousaboutwhathesawintheU.S.A.
Idon’tknowwherewewillholdthemeeting.
通过观察,我们可以知道宾语从句的语序用陈述语序:
连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分
练习:
1)Couldyoutellme______.
A.youwillgetherewhenB.whenwillyougethere
C.getherewhenyouwillD.whenyouwillgethere
2)Motheraskedhissonwhat______forlunchatschool.
A.didhehadB.doeshehadC.hehasD.hehad
3)Pointingtotheyoungplant,heaskedme____thatwastheonewehadseeninthepicture.
A.whatB.ifC.whereD.how
二、连接词
1、从属连接词(不充当从句的任何成分):
that,whether,if
1)、Ihear(that)hewillbebackinanhour.
2)、Iwanttoknowif/whetherhewillgototheparkwithus
注:
1、由that引导的陈述句性的宾语从句,在很多动词如say,think,wish,hope,see,believe,agree,expect,hear,feel等动词后。
连词that只起连接作用,在从句中不做句子的成分,也无词汇意义,在口语中常被省略,但在大多数情况下还是以不省为好,特别是在笔试中。
例:
Itoldhimthathewaswrong.
2、用it做形式宾语的宾语从句时,it常可以放在动词think,find,consider,believe,feel,make等后作为形式宾语,而真正的宾语——that从句则放在句尾)(此时that一定不可以省略)
IthinkitnecessarythatyoushouldreadEnglishaloud.
Wehearditthatshewouldgetmarriednextmonth.
3、that从句位于句首时,that不可省略。
ThatheeversaidsuchathingIsimplydon’tbelieve.
4、if和Whether的区别
1)、由连词if、whether引导的表示“是否…”的宾语从句。
Whether,if在从句中不做句子的成分,一般情况下,whether和if可以替换。
例:
Idon’tknowif/whetherhewillcometomorrow.
Theteacheraskedif/whetherwehadfinishedtheexperiment.
2)、下面几种情况只能用whether
①和不定式连(whethertodosth.)用作宾语时不用if引导.
例:
Whethertogotherehasn’tbeendecided.
Theyaskedmewhethertogoshopping.
②宾语从句中有ornot时不用if引导.
例:
Idon’tknowwhetherthestarwillcomeornot.
③在介词后面的宾语从句中不用if引导
例:
I’mthinkingofwhetherweshouldgofishing.
④宾语从句提前时:
例:
Whetherthisistrueornot,Ican’tsay.
练习:
1.Iaskedher_____________shehadabike.
2.We’reworriedabout__________heissafe.
3.Iwonder______________heiswell.
4.Idon’tknow___________ornotheiswell.
5.Idon’tknow__________togo.
2、连接代词和连接副词
连接代词:
what,who,whom,whose,which,wh+ever连接副词:
when,where,how,why
因为连接代词或副词连接主句和从句,并在从句中担任句子成分,具有一定的意义,不可省略。
Doyouknowwhathesaidjustnow?
Idon’trememberwhenwearrived.
IaskedhimwhereIcouldgetsomuchmoney.
Pleasetellmewho(whom)wehavetosee.
练习:
1.WangHaitoldme_______hedidn'tgohikingyesterdayafternoon.(how,why)
2.Canyoutellme________elseisgoingtobeondutytoday?
(who,whom)
3.Healwaysthinks______hecandobetter.(how,who)
4.Theydon'tknow_________wearegoinghiking.(when,what)
5.Idon'tknow________somanypeoplecrowdingroundhim.(how,why)
6.Doyouknow________shirtitis?
(whose,who’s)
三、时态
1.主句用现在时或将来时,从句可用任何时态,根据实际情况而定
Iknowthatheliveshere.
Iknowthathelivedheretenyearsago.
Ihaveheardthathewillcometomorrow.
2.如果主句是过去的时态(一般过去时,过去进行时),从句的时态一定要用相
对应的过去的某种时(一般过去时,过去进行时,过去将来时,过去完成时)
Iknewwholivedhere.
Isawthatshewastalkingwithhermother.
HesaidthathisfatherhadgonetoBeijing.
3.从句说明的是一般真理、客观事实、自然现象时,仍用一般现在时。
Hetoldtheboythatthreeandthreeissix.
Hetoldmethattheearthmovesaroundthesun.
练习:
单项选择
1. Theyoungmanasked_____it'ssummerorwinter.
A.eitherB.thatC.weatherD.whether
2. Wedon'tknow______theydidit.
A.howB.whoC.whatD.which
3.Theteacherasksus____Jimcancomebackontime.
A.thatB.ifC.whenD.whattime
4.Doesanybodyknow______wewillhaveasportsmeetingthisweekendornot.
A.ifB.whereC.whetherD.that
5.Couldyoushowme________?
A.howcanIgettothestationB.whereisthestation
C.howIcouldgettothestationD.howIcanreachthestation
6.Pleasetellme_______.
A.whatdoeshelikeB.whathedoeslikeC.whathelikesD.whathelike
7.Mysistertoldhim________.
A.whatdaywasitB.whenthetrainarrived
C.whosh