英语英语阅读理解科普环保题20套带答案文档格式.docx
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Afterbeingtakenapartandsorted,thesmallelectronicsunderwentasmeltingprocesstoextract（提炼）allthegold,silver,andbronzeelements.Thankstothisinitiative,theworldwidestrugglewithe-wastewillhaveaglobalplatform.AccordingtoastudypublishedbytheUnitedNationsUniversity—44.7millionmetrictonsofe-wasteweremadein2016.Only20%ofthatwasactuallyrecycled.Unfortunately,thisfigureissettorisesignificantlyinthecomingyears,movingto52.2millionmetrictonsby2021.SowhiletheTokyoOlympicsinitiativemightbejustadropinthebucket,it'
sagoodstartinshowingwhatthepubliccandoifthey'
remademoreawareoftheissue.
（1）WhatcanbelearntaboutTokyoOlympicsinitiativefromthepassage?
A.
E-wasteintheworldisincreasingsignificantly.
B.
Itiseasytogetelementsneededfromtheusedelectronics.
C.
Onlyproducersofelectronicsparticipatedintheproject.
D.
NTTDOCOMOcontributedtothesuccessoftheproject.
（2）Whichcanbestreplacetheunderlinedword"
homestretch"
inParagraph2?
startingperiod
collectioneffort
finalstage
hardsearch
（3）WhatinfluencedoestheTokyoOlympicsinitiativehave?
Itoffersaneffectivemethodtosolvetheproblemofe-waste.
Itshowsthepowerofadvancedtechnologyindailylife.
Itsavestheexpensespentinmakingallthemedals.
Itencouragesthepublic'
sinvolvementindealingwithe-waste.
（4）Whatisthewriter'
sattitudetotheTokyoOlympicsinitiative?
Positive
Negative
Ambiguous
Indifferent
【答案】
（1）D
（2）C
（3）D
（4）A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了日本将回收利用废弃的电子产品中的金属，用于制作2020年奥运会奖牌。
（1）考查推理判断。
根据第三段中的"
Inaperiodofabout18months,alittleover5millionsmartphoneswerecollectedthankstocooperationwithNTTDOCOMO."
在大约18个月的时间里，由于与NTTDocomo的合作，收集了500多万部智能手机，故选D。
（2）考查词义猜测。
根据第二段中的"
Already,thequantityneededforbronzemedalshasbeenmet,andthey'
reinthehomestretchforsilverandgoldmedals,meaningthecollectionprocesscanpackupattheendofMarch."
铜牌所需要的数量已经达到了，并且到了最后关头，也就是说，收集过程可以在3月底完成。
inthehomestretch固定短语，“最后关头”，故选C。
（3）考查推理判断。
根据最后一段中的"
SowhiletheTokyoOlympicsinitiativemightbejustadropinthebucket,it'
remademoreawareoftheissue."
所以尽管东京奥运会的提议只是杯水车薪，这是一个很好的开始，展示了如果公众对这个问题有了更多的认识，他们能做些什么。
故选D。
（4）考查推理判断。
根据全文的描述，可知作者对于东京奥运倡议是持积极的态度，故选A。
【点评】本题考点涉及词义猜测和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。
2．犇犇阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Supercomputerswhichcananalysebloodsamplesandpredictwhichpatientsarelikelytobecomeseriouslyillcouldsavetensofthousandsoflivesayear,itwasrevealedlastnight,accordingtoTheDailyExpress.
Theartificialintelligence（AI）system,developedatUniversityCollegeLondonandsettobepilotedinNHShospitalslaterthisyear,willscreen"
atrisk"
patientssodoctorscantakeearlyactiontopreventdeathorseriousillness.ProfYoung,aconsultantsurgeonatSouthendUniversityHospital,said:
"
Iamsoexcitedaboutthisformoftechnology."
Insteadofpeoplegettingsickordyingbecausetheyarenotpickedupintime,thiswillallowustostepinearlierwhichwillsavelivesandanenormousamountofmoney."
IthinkthepotentialofAIinhealthcarelikethisisasbigastheIndustrialRevolutionwas—andsignalsacompletelynewexampleinthewaywemanagehealthcare."
ThetechnologyisthebrainchildofDrVishalNangalia,aconsultantattheRoyalFreeHospitalinLondon.HeusedAItoanalyseabillionstoredbloodsamplesfrom20differentUKhospitaltrustsdatingbackupto12years.Computersassessbloodtestresultsbypickingupsubtlechangesinredandwhitebloodcells,suggestingapatientisgoingdownhill.
Hefoundthetechniqueforecastoutcomesofpatientswithkidneyproblemswithupto95percentaccuracy.Traditionalmethodshighlightingseriouspatientconcernspickedupasfewas16percentofpatientswhowentontodie."
Thisgivesustheopportunitynotonlytosavelivesbuttopreventseriousillness,makingthehealthservicenotonlysaferbutmoreefficient."
ProfYoungsaid,"
Insteadofwaitingforpeopletogetworse,wewillbeabletotreatthemearlier."
（1）Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"
screen"
inParagraph2mean?
comfort
treat
spot
nurse
（2）Howdosupercomputershelpsavelives?
Bystoringbloodsamples.
Byanalyzingpatients'
cases.
Byobservingchangesinbloodcells.
Byassistingdoctorswiththeiroperations.
（3）WhydidProfessorYoungmentiontheIndustrialRevolution?
ToshowtheinfluenceofAI.
Tostresstheimportanceofhealthcare.
Tointroducethetopicofsupercomputers.
Topresenttheachievementhehasaccomplished.
（4）Whatdoweknowaboutthenewtechnology?
Ithelpspatientsrecoverearlier.
Ithashelpedsavethousandsoflives.
Itwillpromotethehealthservicegreatly.
Itisintendedforpatientswithkidneydiseases.
【答案】
（1）C
（3）A
（4）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍超级计算机能够分析血样并预测哪些病人可能会患上重病，每年可以挽救数万人的生命。
（1）考查词义猜测。
根据第二段中的“sodoctorscantakeearlyactiontopreventdeathorseriousillness.”以便医生能够及早采取行动，预防死亡或严重疾病，可以猜测出，人工智能将用于对高危病人进行“筛查”。
此处screen意为“筛查”。
故选C。
（2）考查细节理解。
根据第三段中的“Computersassessbloodtestresultsbypickingupsubtlechangesinredandwhitebloodcells,suggestingapatientisgoingdownhill.”可知，计算机通过检测红细胞和白细胞的细微变化来评估血液检测结果。
杨教授认为，人工智能在医疗保健领域的潜力与工业革命一样大，以此类比，说明人工智能在医疗领域的影响力。
故选A。
可知，这项技术将能够更早地治疗患者，而不是坐等病情恶化，从而推断，人工智能这一科技帮助医生对疾病诊疗早预判，早介入，从而帮助挽救大量生命，将大大促进卫生服务。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。
3．犇犇阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Whileeverydogownerknowstheirdogscanreadtheirmoodsperfectly,scientistshavealwaysbeenalittledoubtful.NowthankstosomeresearchersattheUniversityofVeterinaryMedicineinVienna,Austria,wefinallyhavesomeconvincingevidence.
Fortheirstudy,biologistCorsonMillerandhisteamexposeselevenselecteddogstodigitalimagesofwomenthatwereeitherangryorhappy.Halfthedogswererewardedfortouchingthescreenwhenshownahappyface,whiletheotherhalfgottheirtreatforselectingthosethatappearedangry.
Interestingly,thedogswerenotprovidedwiththeentireface.Somedogswereshownonlyupperhalveswhiletheothersobservedlowerhalves.That'
sbecausethescientistsbelievehumansshowtheiremotionsontheirentireface.
Aftersometraininglikehowtorecognizesmalldifferenceslikethewrinklesbetweentheeyesorthechangesintheirshapethataccompanythehappyorangryexpressions,thedogsweremostlyabletoidentifythecorrectexpressionnotonlyonafamiliarfacebutonastrangeface.Theresearchersconcludedthedogsweresmartenoughtoreadhumanemotions.
Theyalsofoundthosebeingtrainedtoreadangryexpressionstookalongertimetolearn.Theyguessitmaybebecausedogsfindangryfacesdisgusting,causingthemtowithdrawquickly.However,oncethesmartdogsrealizedtheyweregettingrewarded,thetrepidationseemedtodisappear.Infact,thedogshadsuchagoodtimeplayingthecomputer"
game"
Thatscientistshadahardtimekeepingthemawayfromthetouchscreensafterthestudywascompleted.
Theresearchersalsonoticedonlydogswithamaleownerhadahardertimeunderstandingtheexpressionscorrectly.Sincethetouch-screenmodelswereallfemales,thisconfirmedwhathasbeenobservedinpreviousstudiesdogsaremoreefficientatreadingfacialexpressionsofpeoplethatarethesamegenderastheirowner.
（1）Howdidthescientistsconducttheexperiment?
A.Byleavingdogstowomenwhoareeitherhappyorangry.
B.Bymixingtheselecteddogstogether.
C.Byrewardingonlyhalfofthedogstouchingthescreen
D.Byshowingdigitalpicturesofwomen'
shappyorangryfaces.
（2）Theunderlinedword"
trepidation"
inParagraph5probablymeans________.
A.fearandhesitation
B.curiosityandeagerness
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