欧美文学名篇选读Word格式.docx
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heroiccoupletmusical,elegant,satiricalandhumorous
GeneralCommentsonTheCanterburyTales
⏹panoramaofhiscontemporarysociety
⏹true-to-lifecharacters
⏹samplesofdifferenttypesofliterature
2、诗韵:
双行诗英雄体押aabb式韵典型的抑扬格五音步体
名词解释1、HeroicCouplet(英雄双韵体)
☐Heroiccoupletreferstoiambicpentameterlinesrhymedinpairs.TheRhymeschemeisaa,bb,cc,dd,andsoon.ItisnamedfromitsusebyJohnDrydenandothersintheheroicdramaofthelate17thcentury.ItwasestablishedearlierbyChaucerasamajorEnglishverse-formfornarrativepoetry,anddominatedEnglishpoetryofthe18thcentury.Itiscalled“heroic”becauseinEngland,itisusuallyusedinheroicpoems.
☐英雄双韵体指的是抑扬格五音部诗两行都押韵的。
这个押韵的组合是aabbcc……
☐它的名字来源于它的使用被……,和其他的在英雄戏剧的是17世纪早些时候的。
☐它被早期创立是乔搜,作为主要的英语诗歌,for,叙事诗和支配的英语诗歌,of,18世纪。
它被称为“heoric”,因为在英国,它多被使用于英雄诗歌中。
名词解释2、TheRenaissance文艺复兴时期
☐The16thcenturyinEnglandwasaperiodofthebreakingupoffeudalrelationsandtheestablishingofthefoundationsofcapitalism.
☐Newsocialandeconomicconditionsbroughtaboutgreatchangesinthedevelopmentofscienceandart.
☐TogetherwiththedevelopmentofbourgeoisrelationshipsandformationoftheEnglishnationalstatethisperiodismarkedbyaflourishingofnationalcultureknownastheRenaissance.(这三段应该不要背)
☐ThetermRenaissanceoriginallyindicatedarevivalofclassical(RomanandGreek)artsandsciencesafterthedarkagesofmedievalobscurantism.Indeed,agreatnumberoftheworksofclassicalauthorsweretranslatedintoEnglishduringthe16thcentury.Thestudyandpropagationofclassicallearningandartwascarriedonbytheprogressivethinkersofthehumanists.Theyheldtheirchiefinterestnotinecclesiastical(教会)knowledge,butinman,that’stosay,ThemostsignificantideaoftheRenaissanceishumanism.Theypaycloseattentiontotheirenvironmentanddoingsandbravelyfoughtfortheemancipation(解放)ofmanfromthetyrannyofthechurchandreligiousdogmas.教义
☐文艺复兴时期最初表明(originallyindicated),arevivalof古典艺术和科学,在黑暗的年代之后。
Indeed,大量的古典作家的作品被翻译成英文,during16世纪。
☐Thestudyandpropagationof古典的学习和艺术被传播,by进步的思想家of人文主义者。
他们把主要的兴趣集中在……,也就是说……他们payattentionto……emancipationofman.
Twofeaturesofrenaissance:
⑴Itisathirstingcuriosityfortheclassicalliterature.PeoplelearnedtoadmiretheGreekandLatinworksasmodelsofliteraryform.
⑵Itisthekeeninterestintheactivitiesofhumanity.
名词解释3、Humanism人本主义
Humanismisthekey-noteoftheRenaissance.Itreflectedthenewoutlookoftherisingbourgeoisclass.Humanistsemphasizethedignityofhumanbeingsandtheimportanceofthepresentlifeandbelievethatmandidnotonlyhavetherighttoenjoythebeautyofthislife,buthadtheabilitytoperfecthimselfandtoperformwondersbyremovingalltheexternalchecksbytheexerciseofreason.Theyalsoexpressedtheirrebelliousspiritagainstthetyrannyoffeudalruleandecclesiasticaldomination.
人文主义是Key-noteoftheRenaissance.人文主义者强调(emphasize)人类的尊严(dignity),现在生活的重要性。
相信人类不仅有享受生活美好的权利,还有使自己更完美和创造奇迹的能力。
他们还表达了他们的rebelliousspirit反对封建统治(feudal)。
作家二WilliamShakespeare(1564-1616):
thegreatestofallEnglishauthors
mainworks
RomeoandJuliet,1595
TheMerchantofVenice,1596
HenryⅣ,partⅠ,1597
TwelfthNight,1600
Hamlet,1601
Othello,1604
KingLear,1605
Macbeth,1606
37个剧本,154首十四行诗和2首长诗
His4greatcomedies
AMidsummerNight‘sDream,TheMerchantofVenice,AsYouLikeIt,TwelfthNight
His4greattragedies
Hamlet,Othello,KingLear,Macbeth
文学赏析一Hamlet(Act3,Scene1,lines55-86)
1.HowdoyouthinkofHamlet,what’shispersonalities?
Indecisivegloomyresponsible…
2.Appreciation
ThispassageisselectedfromAct3,Scene1inHamlet,atragedywrittenbyWilliamShakespeare.Thisfamoussoliloquypresentsanimageofaweak,meditativeandmelancholicHamlet.InthepreviousAct,Hamlethadlearnedaboutthecrimeofhisunclefromtheghost.However,duetohissuspicionoftheghostandhisloveforhismother,hedecidedtoperformaplaytocheckwhetherhisunclewasarealmurderer.
AfterHamletlearnsaboutthetruthofhisfather’sdeath,hehasbeentormentedbyhisfather’sdeathandhismother’shastymarriage,buthedoesn’tknowhowtotakerevengeeffectively.Therefore,hethinksofendingsuchtroublesandpainsbysuicide.However,thinkingoftheunknownworldafterdeath,Hamlethesitates.InhismonologueinAct3,Hamletexpressedhisviewontheissueofdeathandliving.Hamletisaskingwhichismorepreferable,tosufferinone’sownmindortakeastandagainstthetroubles.Herealizesthatthesituationheisinnowisforcinghishandtoact–heeithermustremainquietandforgetallthathappened,ormustworktoexposeandkillhisuncle.
Hamlet’sdilemmaisthepainoflifethathemustendureortheuncertaintyofdeath.WeseethatHamletisdissatisfiedwithlifeandlistsmanythingsthattroublehimbutheisnotsurewhatdeathwillbringhim.Heisthinkingthattheexperienceofdeathitselfmaybeworsethanlifeitself.Hamletknowsthatthechurchforbidssuicidebecauseyoursoulwillbeineternaldamnation.ForHamlet,deathisanundiscoveredcountrywherenotravelerreturns.
In__C______,Shakespearehasnotonlymadeaprofoundanalysisofthesocialcrisisinwhichtheevilscanbeseeneverywhere,butalsocriticizedthebourgeoisegoism.
A.Hamlet
B.Othello
C.KingLear
D.Macbeth
Thesentence"
ShallIcomparetheetoasummer'
sday?
"
isthebeginninglineofoneofShakespeare'
s___C_____.
A.comedies
B.tragedies
C.sonnets
D.histories
Manypeopletodaytendtoregardtheplay“TheMerchantofVenice”asasatireofthehypocrisyof___________andtheirfalsestandardsoffriendshipandlove,theircunningwaysofpursuingworldlinessandtheirunreasoningprejudiceagainst_____.A
A.Christians/Jews
B.Jews/Christians
C.oppressors/oppressed
D.people/Jews
作家三JohnMilton(1608-1674)ThegreatEnglishpoet革命诗人誉为思想上的伟人
Mainworks:
Lycidas(1637),ParadiseLost(1667)ParadiseRegained(1671)
Buthewasthemostsuccessfulintheuseofblankverse,andheistheforerunnertointroduceblankverseintonon-dramaticpoetry
TheFormofParadiseLost:
blankverse(无韵诗)
ThethemeofParadiseLost:
v“tojustifythewaysofGodtoman”(submissiontotheAlmighty)
vDiscussion:
Isthistherealthemeofthepoem?
vRealtheme:
praisingtherebelliousspiritsagainstthedespot
Milton’sparadiseLosttookitsmaterialfrom______.A
A.theBible
B.Greekmyth
C.Romanmyth
D.Frenchromance
AmongthethreemajorpoeticalworksbyJohnMilton,______A__isthemostperfectexampleofversedrama(叙事诗歌,诗剧)aftertheGreekstyleinEnglish.
A.SamsonAgonistesB.ParadiseLost
C.ParadiseRegainedD.Areopagitica
JohnMilton’sgreatestpoeticalwork___B_____istheonlygenerallyacknowledgedepicinEnglishliteraturesinceBeowulf.
A.AreopagiticaB.ParadiseLost
C.LycidasD.SamsonAgonistes
名词解释4、Enlightenment启蒙运动
TheEnlightenmentwasaprogressiveintellectualmovementthroughoutWesternEuropeinthe18thcentury.Itwasanexpressionofstruggleofthebourgeoisieagainstfeudalism.Theenlightenersfoughtagainstclassinequality,stagnation停滞,prejudicesandothersurvivalsoffeudalism.Theyattemptedtoplaceallbranchesofscienceattheserviceofmankindbyconnectingthemwiththeactualdeedsandrequirementsofthepeople.
启蒙运动是anexpressionof进步阶层对封建主义(feudalism)的斗争。
启蒙运动者与阶级(class)不平等、偏见,以及其他封建主义的残留作斗争。
他们尝试把allbranchesofscience都与实际deed和人们的要求结合起来。
作家五DanielDefore(1660-1731)
Mainworks:
TheLifeandStrangeSurprisingAdventuresofRobinsonCrusoe(1719)
-------------“thefatherofEnglishnovels”.
CaptainSingleton(1720)MollFlanders(1722)
AJournalofthePlagueYear(1722)Roxana(1724)
WhatareRobinsonCrusoe’straitsofcharacter?
CourageousWarm-heartedSpritofadventurePerseveringoptimisticCheerful
AmbitiousHard-workingIrresponsible
TheroleofRobinsonCrusoe:
Friday
作家六WilliamBlake(1757-1827)
PoeticalSketches,1783SongsofInnocence,1789
TheBookofThel,1789TheMarriageofHeavenandHell,1790
VisionsoftheDaughtersofAlbion,1793TheSongsofExperience(1794)
TheSongofLos,1795
文学赏析二TheLamb——天真之歌
ThispassageisselectedfromWilliamBlake’spoem“TheLamb”,whichisincludedinSongsofInnocence.Inthefirststanza,byaskingthequestion,“LittleLamb,whomadethee”,thepoetremindsthereadersofthecreationoftheworld,thusremindsusoftheimageofGodwhoisthecreatorofallthingsintheworld.Then,thepoetgivesadescriptionofthelittle,gentle,andinnocentlamb.Thisisnotonlyapraiseforthegentle,innocentcreature,butalsothepraisefortheGod’skindnessincreation.Inthesecondstanza,thepoetanswersthequestionhimself.TheLambisasymbolforJesusChrist,theSonofGod.Byusingsymboliclanguage,thepoetcomparesJesustoalambandachild,becauseinChristianity,Jesusiscomparedbothtoalambgoingtothesacrificeandtoashepherdwhoprotectshisflockoflambsandsheep,andBible’sdepictionofJesusinhischildhoodshowshimasguileless正直的andvulnerable.易受伤害的
作家七RobertBurns(1759-1796)ThegreatestofScottishpoets
Main