欧美文学名篇选读Word格式.docx

1、 heroic couplet musical, elegant, satirical and humorous General Comments on The Canterbury Tales panorama of his contemporary society true-to-life characters samples of different types of literature2、 诗韵: 双行诗英雄体押aabb 式韵 典型的抑扬格五音步体名词解释1、Heroic Couplet（英雄双韵体）Heroic couplet refers to iambic pentameter

2、 lines rhymed in pairs. The Rhyme scheme is aa, bb, cc, dd, and so on. It is named from its use by John Dryden and others in the heroic drama of the late 17th century. It was established earlier by Chaucer as a major English verse-form for narrative poetry, and dominated English poetry of the 18th c

3、entury. It is called “heroic” because in England, it is usually used in heroic poems.英雄双韵体指的是抑扬格五音部诗两行都押韵的。这个押韵的组合是aabbcc它的名字来源于它的使用被，和其他的在英雄戏剧的是17世纪早些时候的。它被早期创立是乔搜，作为主要的英语诗歌，for，叙事诗和支配的英语诗歌，of，18世纪。它被称为“heoric”，因为在英国，它多被使用于英雄诗歌中。名词解释2、The Renaissance文艺复兴时期 The 16th century in England was a period o

4、f the breaking up of feudal relations and the establishing of the foundations of capitalism.New social and economic conditions brought about great changes in the development of science and art.Together with the development of bourgeois relationships and formation of the English national state this p

5、eriod is marked by a flourishing of national culture known as the Renaissance.（这三段应该不要背）The term Renaissance originally indicated a revival of classical （Roman and Greek） arts and sciences after the dark ages of medieval obscurantism. Indeed, a great number of the works of classical authors were tra

6、nslated into English during the 16th century. The study and propagation of classical learning and art was carried on by the progressive thinkers of the humanists. They held their chief interest not in ecclesiastical （教会） knowledge, but in man, thats to say, The most significant idea of the Renaissan

7、ce is humanism. They pay close attention to their environment and doings and bravely fought for the emancipation （解放） of man from the tyranny of the church and religious dogmas.教义文艺复兴时期最初表明（originally indicated），a revival of 古典艺术和科学，在黑暗的年代之后。Indeed，大量的古典作家的作品被翻译成英文，during 16世纪。The study and propagat

8、ion of 古典的学习和艺术被传播，by 进步的思想家 of 人文主义者。他们把主要的兴趣集中在，也就是说他们pay attention to emancipation of man. Two features of renaissance: It is a thirsting curiosity for the classical literature. People learned to admire the Greek and Latin works as models of literary form. It is the keen interest in the activitie

9、s of humanity.名词解释3、Humanism人本主义Humanism is the key-note of the Renaissance. It reflected the new outlook of the rising bourgeois class. Humanists emphasize the dignity of human beings and the importance of the present life and believe that man did not only have the right to enjoy the beauty of this

10、 life, but had the ability to perfect himself and to perform wonders by removing all the external checks by the exercise of reason. They also expressed their rebellious spirit against the tyranny of feudal rule and ecclesiastical domination. 人文主义是Key-note of the Renaissance. 人文主义者强调（emphasize）人类的尊严（

11、dignity），现在生活的重要性。相信人类不仅有享受生活美好的权利，还有使自己更完美和创造奇迹的能力。他们还表达了他们的rebellious spirit 反对封建统治（feudal）。作家二 William Shakespeare（1564-1616） ：the greatest of all English authors main works Romeo and Juliet, 1595The Merchant of Venice, 1596Henry , part , 1597Twelfth Night, 1600Hamlet, 1601Othello, 1604King Lear,

12、 1605Macbeth, 1606 37个剧本，154首十四行诗和2首长诗 His 4 great comedies A Midsummer Nights Dream ，The Merchant of Venice ，As You Like It， Twelfth Night His 4 great tragediesHamlet, Othello, King Lear, Macbeth 文学赏析一 Hamlet（Act3, Scene1, lines 55-86）1. How do you think of Hamlet, whats his personalities? Indecisi

13、ve gloomy responsible 2. Appreciation This passage is selected from Act 3, Scene 1 in Hamlet, a tragedy written by William Shakespeare. This famous soliloquy presents an image of a weak, meditative and melancholic Hamlet. In the previous Act, Hamlet had learned about the crime of his uncle from the

14、ghost. However, due to his suspicion of the ghost and his love for his mother, he decided to perform a play to check whether his uncle was a real murderer. After Hamlet learns about the truth of his fathers death, he has been tormented by his fathers death and his mothers hasty marriage, but he does

15、nt know how to take revenge effectively. Therefore, he thinks of ending such troubles and pains by suicide. However, thinking of the unknown world after death, Hamlet hesitates. In his monologue in Act 3, Hamlet expressed his view on the issue of death and living. Hamlet is asking which is more pref

16、erable, to suffer in ones own mind or take a stand against the troubles. He realizes that the situation he is in now is forcing his hand to act he either must remain quiet and forget all that happened, or must work to expose and kill his uncle. Hamlets dilemma is the pain of life that he must endure

17、 or the uncertainty of death. We see that Hamlet is dissatisfied with life and lists many things that trouble him but he is not sure what death will bring him. He is thinking that the experience of death itself maybe worse than life itself. Hamlet knows that the church forbids suicide because your s

18、oul will be in eternal damnation. For Hamlet, death is an undiscovered country where no traveler returns.In _C_, Shakespeare has not only made a profound analysis of the social crisis in which the evils can be seen everywhere, but also criticized the bourgeois egoism.A. Hamlet B. OthelloC. King Lear

19、D. Macbeth The sentence Shall I compare thee to a summers day? is the beginning line of one of Shakespeares _C_ . A. comedies B. tragedies C. sonnets D. historiesMany people today tend to regard the play “The Merchant of Venice” as a satire of the hypocrisy of _ and their false standards of friendsh

20、ip and love, their cunning ways of pursuing worldliness and their unreasoning prejudice against _.AA. Christians/JewsB. Jews/ChristiansC. oppressors/oppressedD. people/Jews作家三 John Milton （1608-1674） The great English poet革命诗人 誉为思想上的伟人 Main works : Lycidas （1637）, Paradise Lost（1667） Paradise Regain

21、ed（1671） But he was the most successful in the use of blank verse, and he is the forerunner to introduce blank verse into non-dramatic poetryThe Form of Paradise Lost : blank verse（无韵诗）The theme of Paradise Lost :v“to justify the ways of God to man” （submission to the Almighty）vDiscussion: Is this t

22、he real theme of the poem?vReal theme: praising the rebellious spirits against the despot Miltons paradise Lost took its material from _.AA. the BibleB. Greek mythC. Roman mythD. French romance Among the three major poetical works by John Milton, _A_ is the most perfect example of verse drama（叙事诗歌，诗

23、剧） after the Greek style in English. A. Samson Agonistes B. Paradise Lost C. Paradise Regained D. Areopagitica John Miltons greatest poetical work _B_ is the only generally acknowledged epic in English literature since Beowulf. A. Areopagitica B. Paradise Lost C. Lycidas D. Samson Agonistes 名词解释4、 E

24、nlightenment 启蒙运动 The Enlightenment was a progressive intellectual movement throughout Western Europe in the 18th century. It was an expression of struggle of the bourgeoisie against feudalism. The enlighteners fought against class inequality, stagnation停滞, prejudices and other survivals of feudalis

25、m. They attempted to place all branches of science at the service of mankind by connecting them with the actual deeds and requirements of the people.启蒙运动是an expression of 进步阶层对封建主义（feudalism）的斗争。启蒙运动者与阶级（class）不平等、偏见，以及其他封建主义的残留作斗争。他们尝试把all branches of science都与实际deed 和人们的要求结合起来。作家五 Daniel Defore（16

26、60-1731） Main works：The Life and Strange Surprising Adventures of Robinson Crusoe（1719） -“the father of English novels”.Captain Singleton（1720） Moll Flanders（1722）A Journal of the Plague Year（1722） Roxana（1724）What are Robinson Crusoes traits of character?Courageous Warm-hearted Sprit of adventure P

27、ersevering optimistic CheerfulAmbitious Hard-working IrresponsibleThe role of Robinson Crusoe :Friday作家六 William Blake （1757-1827） Poetical Sketches,1783 Songs of Innocence, 1789The Book of Thel, 1789 The Marriage of Heaven and Hell, 1790Visions of the Daughters of Albion, 1793 The Songs of Experien

28、ce （1794）The Song of Los, 1795文学赏析二 The Lamb天真之歌 This passage is selected from William Blakes poem “The Lamb”, which is included in Songs of Innocence. In the first stanza, by asking the question, “Little Lamb, who made thee”, the poet reminds the readers of the creation of the world, thus reminds u

29、s of the image of God who is the creator of all things in the world. Then, the poet gives a description of the little, gentle, and innocent lamb. This is not only a praise for the gentle, innocent creature, but also the praise for the Gods kindness in creation. In the second stanza, the poet answers

30、 the question himself. The Lamb is a symbol for Jesus Christ, the Son of God. By using symbolic language, the poet compares Jesus to a lamb and a child, because in Christianity, Jesus is compared both to a lamb going to the sacrifice and to a shepherd who protects his flock of lambs and sheep, and Bibles depiction of Jesus in his childhood shows him as guileless 正直的and vulnerable.易受伤害的作家七 Robert Burns（1759-1796） The greatest of Scottish poets Main