英语基础阶段测试题及答案Word格式.docx

英语基础阶段测试题及答案Word格式.docx

《英语基础阶段测试题及答案Word格式.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《英语基础阶段测试题及答案Word格式.docx（11页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

1.［A］alternative［B］preference［C］substitute［D］representative

2.［A］accomplishes［B］fulfills［C］provides［D］suffices

3.［A］risk［B］mercy［C］height［D］expense

4.［A］Absorbed［B］Attracted［C］Aroused［D］Addicted

5.［A］identify［B］recognize［C］unify［D］equate

6.［A］abundance［B］incidence［C］prevalence［D］recurrence

7.［A］disposed［B］hidden［C］implicit［D］potential

8.［A］merged［B］emerged［C］immerged［D］submerged

9.［A］apartfrom［B］muchas［C］butfor［D］alongwith

10.［A］promote［B］propel［C］prompt［D］prosper

11.［A］inspired［B］imposed［C］delivered［D］contributed

12.［A］External［B］Exterior［C］Explicit［D］Exposed

13.［A］As［B］At［C］For［D］In

14.［A］mark［B］effect［C］impact［D］shock

15.［A］generalized［B］regularized［C］standardized［D］categorized

16.［A］boom［B］bottom［C］brim［D］beam

17.［A］over［B］with［C］on［D］at

18.［A］play［B］take［C］profit［D］resort

19.［A］barely［B］carefully［C］narrowly［D］subjectively

20.［A］ideal［B］image［C］stereotype［D］criterion

SectionⅡReadingComprehension

PartA

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.（40points）

Text1

TheheatwaveinEuropeinearlyAugust2003wasacatastropheofheartbreakingproportions.Withmorethan3,500deadinParisalone,Francesufferednearly15,000fatalitiesfromtheheatwave.Another7,000diedinGermany,8,000inSpainandItaly,and2,000intheUnitedKingdom.Understandably,thiseventhasbecomeapsychologicallypowerfulmetaphorforthefrighteningvisionofawarmerfutureandourimmediateneedtopreventit.

ForEuropeasawhole,about200,000peoplediefromexcessheateachyear.However,about1.5millionEuropeansdieannuallyfromexcesscold.Thatismorethanseventimesthetotalnumberofheatdeaths.Justinthepastdecade,Europehaslostabout15millionpeopletothecold,morethan400timestheiconicheatdeathsfrom2003.Thatwesoeasilyneglectthesedeathsandsoeasilyembracethosecausedbyglobalwarmingtellsusofabreakdowninoursenseofproportion.

Howwillheatandcolddeathschangeoverthecomingcenturywithglobalwarming?

Letusforthemomentassume—veryunrealistically—thatwewillnotadaptatalltothefutureheat.Still,thebiggestcross-Europeancold/heatstudyconcludesthatforanincreaseof3.6degreesFahrenheitintheaverageEuropeantemperatures,“ourdatasuggestthatanyincreasesinmortalityduetoincreasedtemperatureswouldbeoutweighedbymuchlargershort-termdeclinesincold-relatedmortalities.”ForBritain,itisestimateda3.6°

Fincreasewillmean2,000moreheatdeathsbut20,000fewercolddeaths.Likewise,anotherpaperincorporatingallstudiesonthisissueandapplyingthemtoabroadvarietyofsettingsinbothdevelopedanddevelopingcountriesfoundthat“globalwarmingmaycauseadecreaseinmortalityrates,especiallyofcardiovasculardiseases.”

Butofcourse,itseemsveryunrealisticandconservativetoassumethatwewillnotadapttorisingtemperaturesthroughoutthe21stcentury.Severalrecentstudieshavelookedatadaptationinupto28ofthebiggestcitiesintheUnitedStates.TakePhiladelphia.Theoptimaltemperatureseemstobeabout80°

F.Inthe1960s,ondayswhenitgotsignificantlyhotterthanthat（about100°

F）,thedeathrateincreasedsharply.Likewise,whenthetemperaturedroppedbelowfreezing,deathsincreasedsharply.

Yetsomethinggreathappenedinthedecadesfollowing.DeathratesinPhiladelphiaandaroundthecountrydroppedingeneralbecauseofbetterhealthcare.Butcrucially,temperaturesof100°

Ftodaycausealmostnoexcessdeaths.However,peoplestilldiemorebecauseofcoldweather.Oneofthemainreasonsforthelowerheatsusceptibilityismostlikelyincreasedaccesstoair-conditioning.Studiesseemtoindicatethatovertimeandwithsufficientresources,weactuallylearntoadapttohighertemperatures.Consequentlywewillexperiencefewerheatdeathsevenwhentemperaturesrise.

21.ThedeathtollinseveralEuropeancountriesisnotedtoshowthat____.

A.itwashotterinearlyAugust2003thaneverbefore

B.itisurgenttopreventthecomingofawarmerfuture

C.thecatastropheinEuropein2003washeartbreaking

D.Europesufferedfrommoreheatdeathsthananywhereelse

22.Theauthorbelievesthat_______.

A.wehavelostoursenseofproportion

B.itisirrationaltoembraceheatdeaths

C.colddeathsshouldclaimdueattention

D.theheatdeathsin2003wereonlyiconic

23.Intheauthor’sopinion,withglobalwarming,________

A.mortalityrateswillremarkablydecrease

B.therewillbelesscardiovasculardiseases

C.peoplewillsurelyadapttothefutureheat

D.temperaturewillrise3.6degreesFahrenheit

24.TheexampleofPhiladelphiaisusedtoillustratethat______.

A.risingtemperatureswillcausemoredeaths

B.peoplestilldiemorebecauseofcoldweather

C.risingtemperatureswillcausenoexcessdeaths

D.peoplewillbelesssusceptibletoringtemperatures

25.Theauthorarguesthat________.

A.alldeathsshouldbetreatedwithequalconcern

B.itisvitaltoavoidmanymoredyingfromcold

C.heatwaveswillnolongercauseexcessdeaths

D.excesscoldwillcausemoredeathsinthefuture

Text2

Bythetimemostpeoplerealizedthatwhaleswerenotoversizefishbutwarm-bloodedmammalswithlargebrains,sophisticatedsocialstructuresandanelaboratelanguageofsqueals,clicksandlowmoans,itwasnearlytoolate.Theorgyofunrestrainedwhalehunting,whichbeganinthe1600sandbecameindustrializedinthe19thcentury,hadalreadysentmanyspeciesintoseriousdecline.Environmentalgroups,fearingthatthewhaleswouldbecomeextinct,lobbiedhardtobringthehuntingandkillingtoahalt.In1986theycameveryclose:

theInternationalWhalingCommission（IWC）votedtoprohibitwhaling,allowingitonlyforscientificpurposesor,inahandfulofcases,suchasamongnativepeoplesinAlaskaandGreenland,topreserveancientfood-gatheringpractices.

Butthetreatyhasprovedalltooeasytogetaround.Japan,IcelandandNorway,inparticular,haveslaughteredtensofthousandsofwhalesinthepast20years.Thefirsttwocountriesclaimtheyaredoingitforscience,althoughmuchofthemeattheytakeendsupondinnertables.Norwaydoesn’tevenbotherpretending.ItopenlyfloutstheIWC’srules.

NowJapanhasuppedtheante:

attheannualmeetingoftheIWClastweekintheCaribbeannationofSt.KittsandNevis,theJapanesepushedthrougharesolutioncallingforarepealofthewhalingmoratorium,declaringit“nolongernecessary”.

Fortunatelyforthewha1es,theresolutionisn’tbinding.Thevotewas33to32infavor,butitwouldhavetakena75%majoritytooverturntheban.Forwhalingopponents,however,thevotewasanominoussignofJapan’spowerovertheIWC—andofitswillingnesstousestrong-armtacticsandnot-so-subtlebriberytogetitsway.Japanhasreportedlyshoweredmorethan$100millioninaidinrecentyearsonislandnationsthatithaspersuadedtobackitspro-whalingpositions.

AndthoughJapan’salliesdon’thavethevotestooverturnthewhalingban,ittakesonlyasimplemajoritytomakeotherchanges—totakefuturevotesonsecretballots,forexample,sothatnationscan’tbeheldaccountablefortheirpositions,ortoexcludeantiwhalinggroupsfromIWCmeetings.Indeed,JapanlastweeksparredonceagainwithGreenpeace—theorganizationthatagitatedhardestfortheoriginalban—untilJapanwaspressuredtobackoff.

26.Theauthorintendsprimarilytotellreadersinthefirstparagraphthat________.

A.unrestrictedwhalingwillinevitablyresultinwhales’extinction

B.therehasbeensomeachievementintheprotectionofwhales

C.thewhaleswouldbecomeextinctintheforeseeablefuture

D.whalesarewarm-bloodedmammals