英语基础阶段测试题及答案Word格式.docx
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1.[A]alternative[B]preference[C]substitute[D]representative
2.[A]accomplishes[B]fulfills[C]provides[D]suffices
3.[A]risk[B]mercy[C]height[D]expense
4.[A]Absorbed[B]Attracted[C]Aroused[D]Addicted
5.[A]identify[B]recognize[C]unify[D]equate
6.[A]abundance[B]incidence[C]prevalence[D]recurrence
7.[A]disposed[B]hidden[C]implicit[D]potential
8.[A]merged[B]emerged[C]immerged[D]submerged
9.[A]apartfrom[B]muchas[C]butfor[D]alongwith
10.[A]promote[B]propel[C]prompt[D]prosper
11.[A]inspired[B]imposed[C]delivered[D]contributed
12.[A]External[B]Exterior[C]Explicit[D]Exposed
13.[A]As[B]At[C]For[D]In
14.[A]mark[B]effect[C]impact[D]shock
15.[A]generalized[B]regularized[C]standardized[D]categorized
16.[A]boom[B]bottom[C]brim[D]beam
17.[A]over[B]with[C]on[D]at
18.[A]play[B]take[C]profit[D]resort
19.[A]barely[B]carefully[C]narrowly[D]subjectively
20.[A]ideal[B]image[C]stereotype[D]criterion
SectionⅡReadingComprehension
PartA
Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)
Text1
TheheatwaveinEuropeinearlyAugust2003wasacatastropheofheartbreakingproportions.Withmorethan3,500deadinParisalone,Francesufferednearly15,000fatalitiesfromtheheatwave.Another7,000diedinGermany,8,000inSpainandItaly,and2,000intheUnitedKingdom.Understandably,thiseventhasbecomeapsychologicallypowerfulmetaphorforthefrighteningvisionofawarmerfutureandourimmediateneedtopreventit.
ForEuropeasawhole,about200,000peoplediefromexcessheateachyear.However,about1.5millionEuropeansdieannuallyfromexcesscold.Thatismorethanseventimesthetotalnumberofheatdeaths.Justinthepastdecade,Europehaslostabout15millionpeopletothecold,morethan400timestheiconicheatdeathsfrom2003.Thatwesoeasilyneglectthesedeathsandsoeasilyembracethosecausedbyglobalwarmingtellsusofabreakdowninoursenseofproportion.
Howwillheatandcolddeathschangeoverthecomingcenturywithglobalwarming?
Letusforthemomentassume—veryunrealistically—thatwewillnotadaptatalltothefutureheat.Still,thebiggestcross-Europeancold/heatstudyconcludesthatforanincreaseof3.6degreesFahrenheitintheaverageEuropeantemperatures,“ourdatasuggestthatanyincreasesinmortalityduetoincreasedtemperatureswouldbeoutweighedbymuchlargershort-termdeclinesincold-relatedmortalities.”ForBritain,itisestimateda3.6°
Fincreasewillmean2,000moreheatdeathsbut20,000fewercolddeaths.Likewise,anotherpaperincorporatingallstudiesonthisissueandapplyingthemtoabroadvarietyofsettingsinbothdevelopedanddevelopingcountriesfoundthat“globalwarmingmaycauseadecreaseinmortalityrates,especiallyofcardiovasculardiseases.”
Butofcourse,itseemsveryunrealisticandconservativetoassumethatwewillnotadapttorisingtemperaturesthroughoutthe21stcentury.Severalrecentstudieshavelookedatadaptationinupto28ofthebiggestcitiesintheUnitedStates.TakePhiladelphia.Theoptimaltemperatureseemstobeabout80°
F.Inthe1960s,ondayswhenitgotsignificantlyhotterthanthat(about100°
F),thedeathrateincreasedsharply.Likewise,whenthetemperaturedroppedbelowfreezing,deathsincreasedsharply.
Yetsomethinggreathappenedinthedecadesfollowing.DeathratesinPhiladelphiaandaroundthecountrydroppedingeneralbecauseofbetterhealthcare.Butcrucially,temperaturesof100°
Ftodaycausealmostnoexcessdeaths.However,peoplestilldiemorebecauseofcoldweather.Oneofthemainreasonsforthelowerheatsusceptibilityismostlikelyincreasedaccesstoair-conditioning.Studiesseemtoindicatethatovertimeandwithsufficientresources,weactuallylearntoadapttohighertemperatures.Consequentlywewillexperiencefewerheatdeathsevenwhentemperaturesrise.
21.ThedeathtollinseveralEuropeancountriesisnotedtoshowthat____.
A.itwashotterinearlyAugust2003thaneverbefore
B.itisurgenttopreventthecomingofawarmerfuture
C.thecatastropheinEuropein2003washeartbreaking
D.Europesufferedfrommoreheatdeathsthananywhereelse
22.Theauthorbelievesthat_______.
A.wehavelostoursenseofproportion
B.itisirrationaltoembraceheatdeaths
C.colddeathsshouldclaimdueattention
D.theheatdeathsin2003wereonlyiconic
23.Intheauthor’sopinion,withglobalwarming,________
A.mortalityrateswillremarkablydecrease
B.therewillbelesscardiovasculardiseases
C.peoplewillsurelyadapttothefutureheat
D.temperaturewillrise3.6degreesFahrenheit
24.TheexampleofPhiladelphiaisusedtoillustratethat______.
A.risingtemperatureswillcausemoredeaths
B.peoplestilldiemorebecauseofcoldweather
C.risingtemperatureswillcausenoexcessdeaths
D.peoplewillbelesssusceptibletoringtemperatures
25.Theauthorarguesthat________.
A.alldeathsshouldbetreatedwithequalconcern
B.itisvitaltoavoidmanymoredyingfromcold
C.heatwaveswillnolongercauseexcessdeaths
D.excesscoldwillcausemoredeathsinthefuture
Text2
Bythetimemostpeoplerealizedthatwhaleswerenotoversizefishbutwarm-bloodedmammalswithlargebrains,sophisticatedsocialstructuresandanelaboratelanguageofsqueals,clicksandlowmoans,itwasnearlytoolate.Theorgyofunrestrainedwhalehunting,whichbeganinthe1600sandbecameindustrializedinthe19thcentury,hadalreadysentmanyspeciesintoseriousdecline.Environmentalgroups,fearingthatthewhaleswouldbecomeextinct,lobbiedhardtobringthehuntingandkillingtoahalt.In1986theycameveryclose:
theInternationalWhalingCommission(IWC)votedtoprohibitwhaling,allowingitonlyforscientificpurposesor,inahandfulofcases,suchasamongnativepeoplesinAlaskaandGreenland,topreserveancientfood-gatheringpractices.
Butthetreatyhasprovedalltooeasytogetaround.Japan,IcelandandNorway,inparticular,haveslaughteredtensofthousandsofwhalesinthepast20years.Thefirsttwocountriesclaimtheyaredoingitforscience,althoughmuchofthemeattheytakeendsupondinnertables.Norwaydoesn’tevenbotherpretending.ItopenlyfloutstheIWC’srules.
NowJapanhasuppedtheante:
attheannualmeetingoftheIWClastweekintheCaribbeannationofSt.KittsandNevis,theJapanesepushedthrougharesolutioncallingforarepealofthewhalingmoratorium,declaringit“nolongernecessary”.
Fortunatelyforthewha1es,theresolutionisn’tbinding.Thevotewas33to32infavor,butitwouldhavetakena75%majoritytooverturntheban.Forwhalingopponents,however,thevotewasanominoussignofJapan’spowerovertheIWC—andofitswillingnesstousestrong-armtacticsandnot-so-subtlebriberytogetitsway.Japanhasreportedlyshoweredmorethan$100millioninaidinrecentyearsonislandnationsthatithaspersuadedtobackitspro-whalingpositions.
AndthoughJapan’salliesdon’thavethevotestooverturnthewhalingban,ittakesonlyasimplemajoritytomakeotherchanges—totakefuturevotesonsecretballots,forexample,sothatnationscan’tbeheldaccountablefortheirpositions,ortoexcludeantiwhalinggroupsfromIWCmeetings.Indeed,JapanlastweeksparredonceagainwithGreenpeace—theorganizationthatagitatedhardestfortheoriginalban—untilJapanwaspressuredtobackoff.
26.Theauthorintendsprimarilytotellreadersinthefirstparagraphthat________.
A.unrestrictedwhalingwillinevitablyresultinwhales’extinction
B.therehasbeensomeachievementintheprotectionofwhales
C.thewhaleswouldbecomeextinctintheforeseeablefuture
D.whalesarewarm-bloodedmammals