英语基础阶段测试题及答案Word格式.docx

1、1. A alternative B preference C substitute D representative2. A accomplishes B fulfills C provides D suffices3. A risk B mercy C height D expense 4. A Absorbed B Attracted C Aroused D Addicted 5. A identify B recognize C unify D equate6. A abundance B incidence C prevalence D recurrence 7. A dispose

2、d B hidden C implicit D potential8. A merged B emerged C immerged D submerged9. A apart from B much as C but for D along with 10. A promote B propel C prompt D prosper 11. A inspired B imposed C delivered D contributed12. A External B Exterior C Explicit D Exposed 13. A As B At C For D In14. A mark

3、B effect C impact D shock 15. A generalized B regularized C standardizedD categorized16. A boom B bottom C brim D beam17. A over B with C on D at18. A play B take C profit D resort 19. A barely B carefully C narrowly D subjectively 20. A ideal B image C stereotype D criterionSection Reading Comprehe

4、nsionPart ARead the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.（40points）Text 1The heat wave in Europe in early August 2003 was a catastrophe of heartbreaking proportions. With more than 3,500 dead in Paris alone, France su

5、ffered nearly 15, 000 fatalities from the heat wave. Another 7, 000 died in Germany, 8, 000 in Spain and Italy, and 2, 000 in the United Kingdom. Understandably, this event has become a psychologically powerful metaphor for the frightening vision of a warmer future and our immediate need to prevent

6、it. For Europe as a whole, about 200,000 people die from excess heat each year. However, about 1.5 million Europeans die annually from excess cold. That is more than seven times the total number of heat deaths. Just in the past decade, Europe has lost about 15 million people to the cold, more than 4

7、00 times the iconic heat deaths from 2003. That we so easily neglect these deaths and so easily embrace those caused by global warming tells us of a breakdown in our sense of proportion. How will heat and cold deaths change over the coming century with global warming? Let us for the moment assumever

8、y unrealisticallythat we will not adapt at all to the future heat. Still, the biggest cross-European cold/heat study concludes that for an increase of 3. 6 degrees Fahrenheit in the average European temperatures, “our data suggest that any increases in mortality due to increased temperatures would b

9、e outweighed by much larger short-term declines in cold-related mortalities.” For Britain, it is estimated a 3.6F increase will mean 2,000 more heat deaths but 20,000 fewer cold deaths. Likewise, another paper incorporating all studies on this issue and applying them to a broad variety of settings i

10、n both developed and developing countries found that “global warming may cause a decrease in mortality rates, especially of cardiovascular diseases.”But of course, it seems very unrealistic and conservative to assume that we will not adapt to rising temperatures throughout the 21st century. Several

11、recent studies have looked at adaptation in up to 28 of the biggest cities in the United States. Take Philadelphia. The optimal temperature seems to be about 80F. In the 1960s, on days when it got significantly hotter than that （about 100F） , the death rate increased sharply. Likewise, when the temp

12、erature dropped below freezing, deaths increased sharply.Yet something great happened in the decades following. Death rates in Philadelphia and around the country dropped in general because of better health care. But crucially, temperatures of 100F today cause almost no excess deaths. However, peopl

13、e still die more because of cold weather. One of the main reasons for the lower heat susceptibility is most likely increased access to air-conditioning. Studies seem to indicate that over time and with sufficient resources, we actually learn to adapt to higher temperatures. Consequently we will expe

14、rience fewer heat deaths even when temperatures rise.21. The death toll in several European countries is noted to show that _.A. it was hotter in early August 2003 than ever before B. it is urgent to prevent the coming of a warmer future C. the catastrophe in Europe in 2003 was heartbreaking D. Euro

15、pe suffered from more heat deaths than anywhere else22. The author believes that _. A. we have lost our sense of proportion B. it is irrational to embrace heat deaths C. cold deaths should claim due attention D. the heat deaths in 2003 were only iconic23. In the authors opinion, with global warming,

16、 _ A. mortality rates will remarkably decrease B. there will be less cardiovascular diseases C. people will surely adapt to the future heat D. temperature will rise 3. 6 degrees Fahrenheit24. The example of Philadelphia is used to illustrate that _.A. rising temperatures will cause more deaths B. pe

17、ople still die more because of cold weather C. rising temperatures will cause no excess deaths D. people will be less susceptible to ring temperatures25. The author argues that _.A. all deaths should be treated with equal concern B. it is vital to avoid many more dying from cold C. heat waves will n

18、o longer cause excess deaths D. excess cold will cause more deaths in the futureText 2 By the time most people realized that whales were not oversize fish but warm-blooded mammals with large brains, sophisticated social structures and an elaborate language of squeals, clicks and low moans, it was ne

19、arly too late. The orgy of unrestrained whale hunting, which began in the 1600s and became industrialized in the 19th century, had already sent many species into serious decline. Environmental groups, fearing that the whales would become extinct, lobbied hard to bring the hunting and killing to a ha

20、lt. In 1986 they came very close: the International Whaling Commission （IWC） voted to prohibit whaling, allowing it only for scientific purposes or, in a handful of cases, such as among native peoples in Alaska and Greenland, to preserve ancient food-gathering practices. But the treaty has proved al

21、l too easy to get around. Japan, Iceland and Norway, in particular, have slaughtered tens of thousands of whales in the past 20 years. The first two countries claim they are doing it for science, although much of the meat they take ends up on dinner tables. Norway doesnt even bother pretending. It o

22、penly flouts the IWCs rules. Now Japan has upped the ante: at the annual meeting of the IWC last week in the Caribbean nation of St. Kitts and Nevis, the Japanese pushed through a resolution calling for a repeal of the whaling moratorium, declaring it “no longer necessary”. Fortunately for the wha1e

23、s, the resolution isnt binding. The vote was 33 to 32 in favor, but it would have taken a 75% majority to overturn the ban. For whaling opponents, however, the vote was an ominous sign of Japans power over the IWCand of its willingness to use strong-arm tactics and not-so- subtle bribery to get its

24、way. Japan has reportedly showered more than $ 100 million in aid in recent years on island nations that it has persuaded to back its pro-whaling positions. And though Japans allies dont have the votes to overturn the whaling ban, it takes only a simple majority to make other changesto take future v

25、otes on secret ballots, for example, so that nations cant be held accountable for their positions, or to exclude antiwhaling groups from IWC meetings. Indeed, Japan last week sparred once again with Greenpeacethe organization that agitated hardest for the original banuntil Japan was pressured to bac

26、k off.26. The author intends primarily to tell readers in the first paragraph that _. A. unrestricted whaling will inevitably result in whales extinction B. there has been some achievement in the protection of whales C. the whales would become extinct in the foreseeable future D. whales are warm-blooded mammals