公共英语四级阅读模拟试题Word文档格式.docx

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公共英语四级阅读模拟试题Word文档格式.docx

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公共英语四级阅读模拟试题Word文档格式.docx

　　What’smore,demandforanimalproductsindevelopingcountriesisgrowingsofastthatmeetingitwillrequireanextra300milliontonsofgrainayearby2050.yetthegrowthofcitiesandindustryisreducingtheamountofwateravailableforagricultureinmanyregions.

　　Allthismeansthatagricultureinthe21stcenturywillhavetobeverydifferentfromhowitwasinthe20th.thiswillrequireradicalthinking.Forexample,weneedtomoveawayfromtheideathattraditionalpracticesareinevitablymoresustainablethannewones.Wealsoneedtoabandonthenotionthatagriculturecanbe“zeroimpact”.Thekeywillbetoabandontherathersimpleandstaticmeasuresofsustainability,whichcentreontheneedtomaintainproductionwithoutincreasingdamage.

　　Insteadweneedamoredynamicinterpretation,onethatlooksattheprosandcons（正反两方面）ofallthevariouswaylandisused.Therearemanydifferentwaystomeasureagriculturalperformancebesidesfoodyield：

energyuse,environmentalcosts,waterpurity,carbonfootprintandbiodiversity.Itisclear,forexample,thatthecarbonoftransportingtomatoesfromSpaintotheUKislessthanthatofproducingthemintheUKwithadditionalheatingandlighting.Butwedonotknowwhetherlowercarbonfootprintswillalwaysbebetterforbiodiversity.

　　Whatiscrucialisrecognizingthatsustainableagricultureisnotjustaboutsustainablefoodproduction.

　　1.Howdopeopleoftenmeasureprogressinagriculture?

　　A）ByitsproductivityC）Byitsimpactontheenvironment

　　B）ByitssustainabilityD）Byitscontributiontoeconomicgrowth

　　2.Specialisationandtheefforttoincreaseyieldshaveresultedin________.

　　A）LocalisedpollutionC）competitionfromoverseas

　　B）theshrinkingoffarmlandD）thedecreaseofbiodiversity

　　3.Whatdoestheauthorthinkoftraditionalfarmingpractices?

　　A）TheyhaveremainedthesameoverthecenturiesB）Theyhavenotkeptpacewithpopulationgrowth

　　C）TheyarenotnecessarilysustainableD）Theyareenvironmentallyfriendly

　　4.Whatwillagriculturebelikeinthe21stcentury

　　A）ItwillgothroughradicalchangesB）Itwillsupplymoreanimalproducts

　　C）ItwillabandontraditionalfarmingpracticesD）Itwillcausezerodamagetotheenvironment

　　5Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthispassage?

　　A）Toremindpeopleoftheneedofsustainabledevelopment

　　B）Tosuggestwaysofensuringsustainablefoodproduction

　　C）Toadvancenewcriteriaformeasuringfarmingprogress

　　D）Tourgepeopletorethinkwhatsustainableagricultureis

　　PassageTwo

　　Hawaii'

snativeminorityisdemandingagreaterdegreeofsovereigntyoveritsownaffairs.Butmuchofthearchipelago'

spoliticalestablishment,whichincludestheWhiteAmericanswhodominateduntilthesecondworldwarandpeopleofJapanese,ChineseandFilipinoorigins,isopposedtotheidea.

　　TheislandswereannexedbytheUSin1898andsincethenHawaii'

snativepeopleshavefaredworsethananyofitsotherethnicgroups.Theymakeupover60percentofthestate'

shomeless,sufferhigherlevelsofunemploymentandtheirlifespanisfiveyearslessthantheaverageHawaiians.TheyaretheonlymajorUSnativegroupwithoutsomedegreeofautonomy.

　　ButasovereigntyadvisorycommitteesetupbyHawaii'

sfirstnativegovernor,JoahnWaihee,hasgiventhenatives'

causeamajorboostbyrecommendingthattheHawaiiannativesdecidebythemselveswhethertoreestablishasovereignHawaiiannation.

　　However,theHawaiiannativesarenotunitedintheirdemands.Somejustwantgreaterautonomywithinthestate--asenjoyedbymanyAmericanIndiannativesovermatterssuchaseducation.ThisisapositionsupportedbytheOfficeofHawaiianAffairs（OHA）,astateagencysetupin1978torepresentthenatives'

interestsandwhichhasnowbecomethemoderatefaceofthenativesovereigntymovement.MoreambitiousistheKaLahuigroup,whichdeclareditselfanewnationin1987andwantsfull,officialindependencefromtheUS.

　　ButifHawaiiannativesaregivengreaterautonomy,itisfarfromclearhowmanypeoplethiswillapplyto.Thestateauthoritiesonlycountasnativethosepeoplewithmorethan50percentHawaiianblood.

　　Nativedemandsarenotjustbasedonpoliticalgrievances,though.Theyalsowanttheirclaimon660,000hectaresofHawaiiancrownlandtobeaccepted.Itisonthisissuethatnativegroupsarefacingmostoppositionfromthestateauthorities.In1933,thestategovernmentpaidtheOHAUS136millioninbackrentonthecrownlandandmanyofficialssaythatbyacceptingthispaymenttheagencyhasgivenupitsclaimstolegallyowntheland.TheOHAhasvigorouslydisputedthis.

　　1.Hawaii'

snativeminorityrefersto_________________.

　　A.Hawaii'

sethnicgroups

　　B.peopleofFilipinoorigin

　　C.theKaLahuigroup

　　D.peoplewithmorethan50%Hawaiianblood

　　2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueoftheHawaiiannatives?

　　A.Sixtypercentofthemarehomelessorunemployed.

　　B.theirlifespanis5yearsshorterthanaverageAmericans.

　　C.TheirlifeisworsethanthatofotherethnicgroupsinHawaii.

　　D.Theyaretheonlynativegroupwithoutsovereignty.

　　3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueofJohnWaihee?

　　A.HeisHawaii'

sfirstnativegovernor.

　　B.Hehassetupasovereigntyadvisorycommittee.

　　C.Hesuggestedthenativepeopledecideforthemselves.

　　D.Heisleadingthelocalindependencemovement.

　　4.Whichofthefollowinggroupsholdsalessradicalattitudeonthematterofsovereignty?

　　A.AmericanIndiannatives.

　　B.OfficeofHawaiianAffairs.

　　C.TheKaLahuigroup.

　　D.TheHawaiiannatives.

　　5.VariousnativeHawaiiansdemandallthefollowingEXCEPT____________.

　　A.agreaterautonomywithinthestate

　　B.morebackrentonthecrownland

　　C.aclaimontheHawaiiancrownland

　　D.fullindependencefromtheUS　　

　　PassageThree

　　Thepercentageofimmigrants（includingthoseunlawfullypresent）intheUnitedstateshasbeencreepingupwardforyears.At12.6percent,itisnowhigherthanatanypointsincethemid1920s.

　　WearenotabouttogobacktothedayswhenCongressopenlyworriedaboutinferiorracespollutingAmerica’sbloodstream.Butonceagainwearewonderingwhetherwehavetoomanyofthewrongsortnewcomers.Theirloudestcriticsarguethatthenewwaveofimmigrantscannot,andindeeddonotwantto,fitinaspreviousgenerationsdid.

　　Wenowknowthattheseracistviewswerewrong.Intime,Italians,Romaniansandmembersofotherso-calledinferiorracesbecameexemplaryAmericansandcontributedgreatly,inwaystoonumeroustodetail,tothebuildingofthismagnificentnation.Thereisnoreasonwhythesenewimmigrantsshouldnothavethesamesuccess.

　　AlthoughchildrenofMexicanimmigrantsdobetter,intermsofeducationalandprofessionalattainment,thantheirparentsUCLAsociologistEdwardTelleshasfoundthatthegainsdon’tcontinue.Indeed,thefouthgenerationismarginallyworseoffthanthethirdJamesJackson,oftheUniversityofMichigan,hasfoundasimilartrendamongblackCaribbeanimmigrants,TellsfearsthatMexican-AmericansmaybefatedtofollowinthefootstepsofAmericanblacks-thatlargepartsofthecommunitymaybecomemired（陷入）inaseeminglypermanentstateofpovertyandUnderachievement.LikeAfrican-Americans,Mexican-Americansareincreasinglyrelegatedto（降入）segregated,substandardschools,andtheirdropoutrateisthehighestforanyethnicgroupinthecountry.

　　Wehavelearnedmuchaboutthefoolishideaofexcludingpeopleonthepresumptionoftheethnic/racialinferiority.ButwhatwehavenotyetlearnedishowtomaketheprocessofAmericanizationworkforall.IamnottalkingaboutrequiringpeopletolearnEnglishortoadoptAmericanways;

thosethingshappenprettymuchontheirown,butasargumentsaboutimmigrationhearupthecampaigntrail,wealsooughttoasksomebroaderquestionaboutassimilation,abouthowtoensurethatpeople,onceoutsiders,don’tforeverremainmarginalizedwithintheseshores.

　　Thatisamuchlargerquestionthanwhatshouldhappenwithundocumentedworkers,orhowbesttosecuretheborder,anditisonethataffectsnotonlynewcomersbutgroupsthathavebeenhereforgenerations.Itwillhavemoreimpactonourfuturethanwherewedecidetosettheadmissionsbarforthelatestwareofwould-beAmericans.Anditwouldbeniceifwefinallygottheanswerright.

　　1.Howwereimmig

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