高考英语二轮复习艺体生专练专题18 阅读理解记叙文类Word格式文档下载.docx
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细节理解题目主要考查学生对文章具体事实和细节的理解能力,属于表层理解题范畴,难度较小,但在整个阅读理解题中所占比例最大,细节理解题多从文章的某个具体事实或细节出发来设计题目。
此类题通常根据文章具体内容来设问,也常使用下列方式来提问
1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsis(not)true/correct?
2.Whichofthefollowingisnotmentioned?
3.Allofthefollowingaretrueexcept...
4.Accordingtothepassage,when/where/why/how/how/what/which,etc...?
1.直接事实题
在解答这类问题时要求学生抓住题干文字信息,采用针对性方法进行阅读,因为这类题的答案在文章中可以直接找到。
如:
AgiantdamwasbuiltmanyyearsagotocontroltheColoradoRiverintheU.S.Thisdamwasbuilttoprotectthelandandhousesaroundtheriver.
ThishugedamisintheBlackCanyon.Itispossibletodriveacarfromonesideoftherivertotheotheronaroad,whichisonthetopofthedam.Thisdamissobigthatthereisanelevatorinside.Theelevatorgoesdownforty-fourstoriesfromtheroadtothebottom.ThereisenoughconcreteinthisdamtobuildahighwayfromNewYorktoSanFrancisco.Thousandsofpeopleworkedonthisdamforfiveyears.
ThishugedamwascalledBoulderDamwhenitwasfinishedin1936.LateritwasrenamedHooverDaminhonorofapresidentoftheUnitedStates.HooverDam,oneofthehighestdamsintheworld,issituatedbetweenthestatesofArizonaandNevada.
Q:
HooverDamlies______.
A.betweenArizonaandNevada
B.intheBlackCanyon
C.betweenNewYorkandSanFrancisco
D.bothAandB
【解析】由第二段的第一句话和最后一段的最后一句话可得出正确答案是D项。
2.间接事实题
解答此类题,需要结合上下文提供的语境和信息进行简单的概括和判断或者要进行简单的计算。
InvitedbyMr.YeHuixian,hostofthewell-receivedTVprogramme“StarsTonight”,MissLuoLin,MissAsiaof1991,appearedastheguesthostessontheShanghaiTVscreenlastSunday.
BorninShanghaiandtakentoHongkongwhenshewasonlysixyearsold,LuoLinhasneverdreamedofbeingMissAsia.Herchildhooddreamwastobeanairhostess.Beforeshetookpartinthecompetition,shehadbeenanairhostessinCathayAirlineforsevenyears.However,itstilltookherthreemonthstolearntheartofwalkingonthestage,dancing,singing,making-upandotherpropermanners,designedbytheAsiaTVStation.
“It’sreallyahardjobforme.Iwon’tenterforsuchcompetitionanymore.Anyhow,Iamquitelucky.IamalsogladtohavehadmorechancetoworkforthesocialwelfaresinceIwonthetitle.Thistime,inShanghai,I’dlovetomakeadeepimpressiononmyTVaudience,”saidLuoLinwithasweetsmile.
WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?
A.LuoLinisanativeofShanghai.
B.LuoLinmovedtoHongkongwithherparents.
C.LuoLinwonthetitleofMissAsiain1991.
D.AsiaTVStationhelpedLuoLintobecomeMissAsia.
【解析】A、C和D项都可在原文找到答案,而B项原文所给的是:
takentoHongkong可判断不是movedtoHongkongwithherparents,因此选B。
3、数据推算。
IfyouregisterboththeVIEWqualificationcourseandtheForumatthesametime,youwillsave_______.
A.$100 B.$300 C.$350 D.$400
这类题目要求学生就文章提供的数据,以及数据与文中其他信息的关系做简单计算和推断。
在做此类题时:
1.要抓住并正确理解与数据有关的信息含义。
2.弄清众多信息中那些属于有用信息,那些属于干扰信息。
3.不要孤立看待数字信息,而要抓住一些关键用语的意义。
考点二、主题理解或写作意图推断。
一、主旨阅读理解题考查的内容
1.短文的标题(title,headline);
2.短文或段落的主题(subject);
3.中心思想(mainidea);
4.作者的写作目的(purpose)。
二、此类题的设问方式
1.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?
2.Whatdoesthesecondparagraphmainlydiscuss?
3.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?
4.Themainpurposeofannouncingtheaboveeventsis__________.
考点三、推理推断。
推理题要求考生根据文章提供的事实和线索进行逻辑推理,推断出作者没有提到或者没有明说的事实或者可能发生的事实。
这类题旨在考查学生透过词语的字面意义去理解作者的言外之意或弦外之音的能力,属于深层理解题。
此类题的设问常常包括infer,imply,suggest,conclude等词,这类题的设问方式主要有:
1.WecaninferfromthePassagethat__________.
2.WhatcanbeinferredfromthePassage?
3.WhichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthePassage?
4.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph3that__________.
5.Theauthorsuggestsinthisparagraphthat__________.
6.Thewriterimpliesthat__________.
7.Itcanbeinferredthat__________.
8.ItcanbeconcludedfromthePassagethat__________.
9.Onthewhole,wecanconcludethat__________.
10.Fromthetextwecanconcludethat__________.
11.AfterreadingthePassagewemayconcludethat__________.
12.WhatconclusioncanbedrawnfromthePassage?
13.Theauthorisinclinedtothinkthat__________.
14.Whenthewritertalksabout,whathereallymeansisthat__________.
15.What’sthewriter’sattitude/feelingtowards...?
16.Inthewriter’sopinion,...
考点四、词义、句义猜测。
词义猜测阅读理解题考查对文中关键词语的理解。
在阅读理解题中,所考查的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上,要根据语境来判断。
此类题的设问方式主要有
1.Theword“...”inLine...means/canbereplacedby...
2.Asusedinthepassage,thephrase“...”suggests...
3.Fromthepassage,wecaninferthattheword/phrase“...”is/referredto...
4.Theword“...”isclosestinmeaningto...猜词是应用英语的重要能力,也是高考中常用的题型。
它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文,而且要有较大的泛读量,掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。
我们要学会“顺藤摸瓜”,通过构词、语法、定义、同位、对比、因果、常识、上下文等线索确定词义。
1.定义法。
如:
Annealingisawayofmakingmetalsofterbyheatingitandthenlettingitcoolveryslowly.
句子给予annealing以明确的定义,即“退火”。
Itwillbeveryhardbutalsoverybrittle—thatis,itwillbreakeasily.
从后面的解释中我们可以了解到brittle是“脆”的意思。
Theherdsman,wholooksaftersheep,earnsabout650yuanayear.
定语从句中looksaftersheep就表明了herdsman的词义为“牧人”。
2.同位法。
Theytraveledalongwayandatlastgottoacastle,alargebuildinginoldtimes.
同位语部分alargebuildinginoldtimes给出了castle的确切词义,即“城堡”。
Weareonthenightshift—frommidnightto8a.m.—thisweek.
两个破折号之间的短语很清楚地表明nightshift是“夜班”的意思。
3.对比法。
Sheisusuallypromptforallherclass,buttodayshearrivedinthemiddleofherfirstclass.
but一词表转折,因此but前后的意思正相反。
后半句的意思是“她今天第一节上了一半才来”,因此反向推理,可得出她平时一向“准时”的结论。
4.构词法(前缀、后缀、复合、派生等)。
Perhaps,wecanseesomepossibilitiesfornextfiftyyears.Butthenexthundred?
possibility是possible的同根名词,据此可以判断定possibility意思是“可能性”。
5.因果法。
如:
Thelackofmovementcausedthemusclestoweaken.Sometimestheweaknesswaspermanent.Sotheplayercouldneverplaythesportagain.
从后面的结果“永远不能再运动”中,可以推测permanent的意思为“永远的,永久”。
体验高考
[2017·
北京卷]
A
ItwasacoldMarchdayinHighPoint,NorthCarolina.ThegirlsontheWesleyanAcademysoftballteamwerewaitingfortheirnextturnsatbatduringpractice,stampingtheirfeettostaywarm.EighthgraderTaylorBisbeeshivered(发抖)alittleasshewatchedherteammateParisWhiteplay.Thetwodidn'
tknoweachotherwell—Taylorhadjustmovedtotownamonthorsobefore.
Suddenly,Parisfelltotheground.“Paris'
seyesrolledback,”Taylorsays.“Shestartedshaking.Iknewitwasanemergency.”
Itcertainlywas.Parishadsufferedasuddenheartfailure.Withoutimmediatemedicalcare,Pariswoulddie.Atfirst,noonemoved.Thegirlswereinshock.Thenthesoftballcoachshoutedout,“DoesanyoneknowCPR?
”
CPRisalifesavingtechnique.TodoCPR,youpressonthesickperson'
schestsothatbloodmovesthroughthebodyandtakesoxygentoorgans.Withoutoxygen,thebrainisdamagedquickly.
Amazingly,TaylorhadjusttakenaCPRcoursethedaybefore.Still,shehesitated.Shedidn'
tthinksheknewitwellenough.Butwhennooneelsecameforward,TaylorrantoParisandbegandoingCPR.“Itwasscary.Iknewitwasthedifferencebetweenlifeanddeath,”saysTaylor.
Taylor'
sswiftactionhelpedherteammatescalmdown.Onegirlcalled911.Twomorerantogettheschoolnurse,whobroughtadefibrillator,anelectronicdevice(器械)thatcanshocktheheartbackintowork.Luckstayedwiththem:
Paris'
sheartbeatreturned.
“IknowIwasreallylucky,”Parissaysnow.“Mostpeopledon'
tsurvivethis.Myteamsavedmylife.”
ExpertssayParisisright:
forasuddenheartfailure,thesinglebestchanceforsurvivalishavingsomeonenearbystepinanddoCPRquickly.
Today,Parisisbackonthesoftballteam.Taylorwillapplytocollegesoon.Shewantstobeanurse.“Ifeelmoreconfidentinmyactionsnow,”Taylorsays.“IknowIcanactunderpressureinascarysituation.”
56.WhathappenedtoParisonaMarchday?
A.Shecaughtabadcold.
B.Shehadasuddenheartproblem.
C.Shewasknockeddownbyaball.
D.Sheshiveredterriblyduringpractice.
57.WhydoesParissayshewaslucky?
A.Shemadeaworthyfriend.
B.Sherecoveredfromshock.
C.ShereceivedimmediateCPR.
D.Shecamebackonthesoftballteam.
58.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeTaylor?
A.Enthusiasticandkind.
B.Courageousandcalm.
C.Cooperativeandgenerous.
D.Ambitiousandprofessional.
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文,讲述了垒球女孩Paris在打球的过程中突然心力衰竭,队友Taylor对其进行了紧急心肺复苏,Paris因此恢复了心跳的故事。
文章旨在说明病人心力衰竭时,其他人保持冷静并对其进行紧急心肺复苏的重要性。
56.B 细节理解题。
根据第三段中“Itcertainlywas.Parishadsufferedasuddenheartfailure.”可知,Paris突然心力衰竭,所以答案为B。
57.C 推理判断题。
根据第六段可知队友的协助使Paris得到了及时的救助,所以Paris说自己很幸运。
故答案为C。
[2017·
全国卷Ⅰ]
B
IworkwithVolunteersforWildlife,arescueandeducationorganizationatBaileyArboretuminLocustValley.Tryingtohelpinjured,displacedorsickcreaturescanbeheartbreaking;
survivalisnevercertain.However,whenitworks,itissimplybeautiful.
IgotarescuecallfromawomaninMuttontown.Shehadfoundayoungowl(猫头鹰)ontheground.WhenIarrived,Isawa2to3weekoldowl.Ithadalreadybeenplacedinacarrierforsafety.
Iexaminedthechick(雏鸟)anditseemedfine.IfIcouldlocatethenest,Imighthavebeenabletoputitback,butnoluck.Mynextworkwastoconstructanestandanchoritinatree.
Thehomeownerwasveryhelpful.Awirebasketwasfound.Iputsomepinebranchesintothebaskettomakethisnestsafeandcomfortable.Iplacedthechickinthenest,anditquicklycalmeddown.
Nowalltha