新概念英语第二册语法精粹Word格式文档下载.docx
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以“o,s,x,ch,sh”结尾的动词加“es”
goes
dresses
watches
brushes
2.功能:
表现在的事实、状态或动作:
eg:
Ø
.Birdsfly.
.Shelovesmusic.
.Mary’sparentsgetupveryearly.
表习惯性动作或职业,常与often,sometimes,usually,always,everyweek,seldom,occasionally,frequently等时间副词连用。
.Ialwaystakeawalkaftersupper.
Ø
.Shewritestomeveryoften.
.Tomandhisgirlfriendgoouttotakeapicenicoccasionally.
表客观真理,格言警句或事实:
.Theearthmovesroundthesun.
.Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.
.Twoandtwomakesfour.
.Nomanbuterrs.人非圣贤,熟能无过。
(4)
表将来:
A.
在由when,after,before,as,assoonas,although,because,if,evenif,incase,till,until,unless,solongas,where,whatever,wherever等引导的状语从句中用一般现在时表将来发生的动作。
(黄金重点,所有考试都不放过它!
)
例如:
.I’lltellherwhenshecomestomorrow.
.Evenifitrainsthisafternoon,I’llmeetyou.
.Whateverhappens,youshouldkeepcool-headed.(不错的句型,背下!
!
.I’llberightherewaitingforyouwhereveryougo.
(很感人的句型!
B.按时间表示将要发生的动作或事件,用一般现在时表达将来时概念。
.Theplaybeginsat6:
30thisevening.
.Whendoestheplanetakeoff?
.Heleavesforthatcitynextweek.
.Accordingtothetimetable,theexpresstraintoShanghaistartsatnineinthemorning.(按照时刻表,开往上海的特快列车早上7点出发。
测试精编:
1.TheBrowns_______anicecarandbrown’sbrother_______anicejeep.
A.have/have
B.has/has
C.have/has
D.has/have
2.Iftheirhouse_______notlikeours,what_______itlooklike?
A.is/is
B.is/does
C.does/does
D.does/is
3._______youthinkhewillcome?
Ifit_______tomorrow,hewillnotcome.
A.Do/rains
B.Are/rains
C.do/willrain
D.Are/willrain
4.Thelittlechild_______notevenknowthatthemoon_______aroundtheearth.
A.do/move
B.do/moves
C.does/moves
D.did/moved
5.Manyastudent_______fondoffilms,butagoodstudentseldom_______tothecinema.
A.are/goes
B.is/goes
C.are/go
D.is/go
二、现在进行时:
is/am/are+现在分词
1.表示现在正在进行的动作。
如
.Thekettleisboiling.ShallImaketea?
.Don’tyouthinkyoueattoomuch?
You’reputtingonweight.(体重增加)
.Theworkersarebuildinganewbridgeacrossthereiver.
2.表示现阶段正进行的动作。
.Heistakingphysicsthissemester.(本学期)
.Wearepreparingforourfinalexaminationthisweek.
3.
go,come,leave,arrive,land,meet,die,start,return,join,etc.用于进行时态时表示
即将开始的动作。
.Look!
Thebusiscoming.看!
车来了!
.Theoldmanisseriouslyill,andheisdying.
.AliceisleavingforBeijingwithhermother.
4.与always,forever,continually,constantly等副词连用,表示说话人带有感情色彩:
赞赏或厌恶。
.Heisalwaysthinkingofothers.(他总是想着别人。
.Theboyiscontinuallymakingnoises.(这男孩不断地发出吵闹声。
.Theteacherisconstantly(always)criticizingherforbeinglate.(老师一直在批评她迟到。
5.下面表示状态、感觉、情绪、精神活动的动词不可用于进行时。
(此条戒律请背10遍!
believe(相信),doubt(怀疑),see(看见),hear(听见),know(知道)
understand(理解),belong(属于),think(认为),consider(认为),feel(觉得)
look(看起来),seem(看上去),show(显示),mind(介意),have(有)
sound(听起来),taste(尝起来),require(要求),possess(拥有),care(关心)
like(喜欢),hate(讨厌),love(喜爱),detest(憎恨),desire(意欲)
【简单记忆】:
●
永远不要说I’mbelieving…或Heisseeingahouse.再简单一点说,这些动词后面不要随意加–ing.
可怕的是:
我们在写作及口语中常犯此类大错!
注意:
haveaparty/thinkabout可以用进行时,因为这里have意为“举行”;
think意为“考虑”。
1.Howcanyou_______ifyouarenot_______?
A.listening/hearing
B.hear/listening
B.belistening/heard
C.behearing/listeningto
2.Thegirlevenwon’thaveherlunchbeforeshe_______herhomework.
A.willfinish
B.isfinishing
C.hadfinished
D.finishes
3.Thosewhohaveappliedforthepost(职位)_______intheoffice.(此题超前)
A.arebeinginterviewed
B.areinterviewing
C.interviewing
D.tobeinterviewing
4.Theoldscientist_______todomoreforthecountry.
A.iswishing
B.hasbeenwishing
C.wishes
D.hasbeenwished
5.Ifhe_______,don’twakehimup.
A.stillsleeps
B.isstillsleeping
C.stillhasbeensleeping
D.willbesleepingstill
三、一般过去时。
定义动词的过去式:
1.表示过去某个特定时间或某一段时间发生的动作或情况。
.Wevisitedtheschoollastspring.
.IwenttoschoolbybikewhenIwasinmiddleschool.
.Chinawasfoundedin1949.
2.表示时间或条件等的状语从句中代替过去将来时。
(参)
.Shetoldmethatshewouldnotgowithusifitrainedthenextday.
.Theywouldnotlaveuntilshecameback.
.Myfriendpromisedtomarrymeonceshemadeherfinaldecision.
3.一般过去时,现在时和过去时的几组差异:
(别以为这很简单,下面的差异你不一定明白。
)●
Herbrotherwasachemist.(已去世)
Herbrotherisachemist.(尚健在)
That’sallIhadtosay.(话已说完)
That’sallIhavetosay.(言之未尽)
Itwassonicetoseeyou.(离别时用)
Itissonicetoseeyou.(见面时用)
Janedidalotofworkthismorning.(已是当天下午或晚上)
Janehasdonealotofworkthismorning.(仍是上午)[本句现在完成时,此乃后话!
]
测试精编I:
(用所给动词的正确形态填空)。
1.YesterdayI_______(think)thatyouwerenotinBeijing.
2.Aliceusually_______(sit)inthefrontoftheclassroom,butshe_______(sit)atthebackthismorning.
3.He_______(tell)thenewstousthreedaysago.
4.He_______(begin)toteachChinesein1990.
5.Shewouldnottelephonemeifshe_______(have)notime.
测试精编II:
1.They_______thetripuntiltherainstopped.
A.continued
B.didn’tcontinue
C.hadn’tcontinued
D.wouldcontinue
2.Thelocalpeasantsgavethesoldiersclothesandfoodwithoutwhichthey_______ofhungerandcold.(without在这里表示条件,你知道吗?
A.woulddie
B.willdie
C.wouldbedead
D.wouldhavedied
3.ItwasnotuntilthenthatIcametoknowthattheearth_______aroundthesun.
A.moved
B.hasmoved
C.willmove
D.moves
4.Whenallthosepresent(到场者)_______hebeganhislecture.(重点题)
A.sit
B.set
C.seated
D.wereseated
5.IfIhadhadtime,Iwouldhavewrittentoyou.Butinfact_______not.
A.have
B.wouldhave
C.had
D.hadhad
四、过去进行时:
were/was+现在分词。
1.表示过去某一时刻或阶段正在发生的动作。
.Iwasplayingchessat8yesterdayevening.
.WhenIarrived,theywerewatchingTV.
.Theyweredoinghouseworkthistimelastweek.
2.用于条件状语从句中表示过去将来进行的动作。
.Shetoldmetowakehimupifshewassleeping.
.IaskedmyfriendtowarnmeaboutitaslongasIwasdrivingtoofast.
3.过去某时将发生的事。
可参考2(4)
.TheytoldmethattheywereleavingforNewYork.
.HewasgoingoutwhenIarrived.
1.Mybrother_______whilehe_______hisbicycleandhurthimself.
A.fell/wasriding
B.feel/wereriding
C.hadfallen/rode
D.hadfallen/wasriding
2.He_______hislegashe_______inafootballmatch.
A.broke/played
B.wasbreaking/wasplaying
C.broke/wasplaying
D.wasbreaking/played
3.Myfatherwillbeheretomorrow.
Ithoughtthathe_______today
A.wascoming
B.iscoming
C.willcome
C.comes
4.Jcakwasgoingoutoftheshopwhenhecollidedwithanoldwomanwho_______in.
A.come
B.wascoming
C.hadbeencoming
D.hadcome
5.Michikecouldn’tcometothetelephonewhenMr.Smithcalledherbecauseshe_______inthelab.
A.hadbeenworking
B.hasbeenworking
C.wasworking
D.worked
五、现在完成时:
have/has+过去分词
1.表示过去所发生的动作对现在的影响或产生的结果。
常与yet,just,before,recently,lately(最近),ever,never等表时间的副词搭配使用。
●
Hehasn’tseenherlately.
Ihaven’tfinishedthebookyet.
2.表示一个从过去某个时间开始,延续到现在并可能持续下去的动作,常与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。
如:
sofar(迄今为止),uptillnow(直到现在),since,foralongtime(很长时间),uptopresent(直到现在),inthepast/inthelastfewyears(在过去的几年里),thesedays(目前)……
.Hehasworkedherefor15years.
.IhavestudiedEnglishsinceIcamehere.
.TheforeignerhasbeenawayfromChinaforalongtime.
.Sofar,Ihaven’treceivedasingleletterfrommybrother.
3.某些非延续性动词(即:
动作开始便终止的动词),在现在完成时中不能与表示一段时间状语搭配。
黄金要点:
I.
常见的非延续动词:
die,arrive(到达),join(加入),leave(离开),go,refuse(拒绝),fail(失败),finish,buy,marry,divorce(离婚),awake(醒),borrow,lend…(背三遍!
II.
这类动词并非不能用现在完成时,而是不能接常由for引导的时间状语。
III.
但若是用在否定句中,非延续动词的现在完成时可以与表示一段时间的状语连用。
Shehasgoneawayforamonth.(误)
Shehasbeenawayforamonth.(正)
Themanhasdiedfortwoyears.(误)
Themanhasbeendeadfortowyears.(正)
Howlonghaveyouboughtthebook?
(误)
Howlonghaveyougotthebook.(正)
4.注意since的用法:
.Theyhaven’thadantroublesincetheycamehere.
.Ithasbeentenyearssincewemelasttime.
.Hehasbeenheresince1980.
.Hehasbeenheresincetenyearsago.
5.几组对比:
HehasgonetoShanghai.他到上海去了。
HehasbeentoShanghai.他去过上海。
Shehasgone.她已走了。
Sheisgone.她缺席了。
(or她死了)
Thedoorhasbeenclosed.门关上了。
(动作)
Thedoorisclosed.门是关着的。
(状态)
测试精编:
1.Theprices_______goingupallthetimeinthepastfewyears.
A.keep
B.kept
C.have