英语初高衔接课从句学生版.docx
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英语初高衔接课从句学生版
英语初高衔接课---从句
(学生版)
授课教师
学生
年级
新高一
授课时间
课程标题
教学目标
1.通过回顾初中所见的相关语言现象,对英语复杂句法达到初步了解,为高中的进一步学习做好认识上的准备;
2.通过对宾语从句、状语从句和定语从句的主要知识脉络的了解,能够从理论层面了解英语句法。
教学内容
一.Review
(复习)
1.Theofficialsaidthey_____anewlawtoprotectthetouriststhenextyear.
(2013上海中考)
A.makesB.wouldmakeC.madeD.havemade
2.EvenTony’sgranddaughter,afive-year-oldgirl,askedhim_____smoking.
(2013上海中考)
A.giveupB.togiveupC.gaveupD.givingup
3.-----______domillionsofonlineusersvisitthehomepageofthe
government?
------Toreadthenewsandsearchfortheinformationtheyneed.(2012上
海中考)
A.WhenB.WhereC.WhyD.What
4.Peterwillcookforhisparents______theInternationalDayofFamilies
comes.(2012上海中考)
A.unlessB.whenC.untilD.though
5.Stop_____aboutthetraffic.Justthinkaboutwhatwecandotoimproveit.
A.complainB.tocomplainC.complainingD.complained
6._____Tony_______FranklikestheCD.Theythinkthemusicistoonoisy.
(2012上海中考)
A.Neither/norB.Either/orC.Both/andD.Notonly/butalso
7.I’msurethatstricterrulestocontrolcigarettesmoking______verysoon.
(2012上海中考)
A.madeB.willmakeC.weremadeD.willbemade
8.Bobspendsalotofmoneyonbooks_________heisnotrich.(2011上海中
考)
A.ifB.ThoughC.whenD.because
9.I’dliketoknow_______.(2011上海中考)
A.whenwillhegivebackthetape
B.whetherhashereceivedhighereducation
C.thathehasbeenbusy
D.whethershewilljoininourEnglishevening
题要总析:
涉及句型种类
题序
宾语从句
1、6、7、8、9
状语从句
5、8
定语从句
2、3
本复习部分目的在于通过回顾以前的语言现象,让学生对于所见过的英语当中的三大主要句式的结构获得一个初步印象,为接下来的对于这三类句式的更深层次学习做铺垫。
因此本部分的目的不在于解题,而在于观察包含三大句式的语言现象。
二.Syntax
(英语句法)
.Lead-in
(导入)
Simplesentence(简单句)Weareobsessedwith
beauty.
英语三大句式Coordinatesentence(并列句)Ourculturegrowsmaturing,and
looksisnotadecisive.
factorinone’ssuccess.
Complexsentence(复合句)Cumberbatch,whois
odd-looking,hasconqueredHollywoodandbecomethebiggeststarintheworld.
主语从句Wherehecomesfromisunimportant.
名词性从句宾语从句Haveyoudecidedwhereyouwillgo.
表语从句Thisiswheresheoncelived.
同位语从句Therearosethequestionwherewecouldgetsuchalargeamountofmoney.
复合句状语从句Iwasoutwhenyoucalledme.
定语从句Icouldn’tfindthewatchthatmyfathergavemeasmybirthdaypresent.
.Objectiveclause
(宾语从句)
1.概念:
从句在主句中作宾语。
2.类别:
作动词的宾语FootballfansfindthatpartoftheWorldCuplogolookslikethegestureoffacepalm.
宾语从句作介词的宾语Peoplearecuriousaboutwhathappenedto
theMalaysianflightMH370.
作形容词的宾语PresidentofSouthKoreaweresadthatthecoastguardhadfailedtosaveasmanypassengersaspossiblefromthesunkenferry.
3.引导词
宾语从句的句式
引导词
示例
陈述句
连词——that,在从句中不作成分,只起联接主从句的作用
Iheardthathehasjoinedtheclub.
选择疑问句
whether;if
Iwonderwhetheryoucancomewithme.
特殊疑问句
连接代词——what,which,who,whom;
连接副词——when,where,why,how(howlong;howoften;howfar;howmuch;howold;howmany)
Ican’trememberwhathesaidjustnow.
Canyouexplainwhyyouarelateforschool.
注意:
what有时表示疑问有时不表示疑问。
3.直接引语与间接引语的转换
1)人称代词的相应改变
2)主从句时态的呼应
Shesaid,“Inevereatmeat.”
Shesaidthatsheneveratemeat.
“I’mwatchingawonderfulfilm,”hereplied.
Herepliedthathewaswatchingawonderfulfilm.
4.课堂练习:
1)Wehaven’tdiscussedyet_______wearegoingtoplaceournewfurniture.(2010全国卷)
A.thatB.whichC.whatD.where
2)Whenchanginglanes,adrivershouldusehisturningsignaltoletotherdriversknow_
____.(2010上海卷)
A.heisenteringwhichlaneB.whichlaneheisentering
C.isheenteringwhichlaneD.whichlaneisheentering
3)Asanewdiplomat,heoftenthinksof________hecanreactmoreappropriatelyonsuch
occasions.(2009上海卷)
A.whatB.whichC.thatD.how
.Adverbialclause
(状语从句)
1.概念:
状语从句在主句中充当状语成分,可以表示时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、比较、让步、方式等。
2.类别:
1)时间状语从句--表明主句中谓语动词动作发生的时间。
引导词包括
when/as/while/since/until/till/after/before/once/immediately/assoonas/no
sooner...than/hardly/scarcely...when/themoment/theminute/everytime等。
常见时间状语从句示例:
Whenhearrives,hewilltellusaboutthematch.
Aspeopleapproacholdage,theirenergydiminishes.
MomiscookinginthekitchenwhileDadisreadingnewspaperinthesittingroom.
EverytimeIsawthesculpture,Icouldn’thelpadmiringit.
Hewillcallyouthemomenthecomesback.
2)地点状语从句--表明主句中谓语动词动作发生的地点。
引导词包括
where/wherever.
示例:
Wheretheywent,theywerewarmlywelcomed.
Sitwhereveryoulike.
3)原因状语从句--表明主句中谓语动词动作发生的原因或理由。
引导词包括
because/as/since/nowthat/seeingthat等。
常见原因状语从句示例:
IstayedathomebecauseIwasill.
Asit’sraining,Ihadtostayathome.
Sinceeveryone’shere,let’sstart.
4)条件状语从句--包括两部分,即主句和if等连词引导的条件。
引导词包括
if/unless/suppose/incase/providedthat/onconditionthat/aslongas/sofaras等。
常见条件状语从句示例:
Ifyoudon’treadnewspaper,youwon’tknowwhat’sgoingonintheworld.
Ifhehadnotenteredthetalentshow,hewouldn’tbecomeapopularsinger.
5)目的状语从句--表明主句中谓语动词动作的目的。
引导词包括sothat/that/inorder
that/lest/forfearthat/incase等。
常见目的状语从句示例:
Iattachedthenotetothedoorsothathecouldseeitwhenhecameback.
BringthephotocloserthatIcanseeitclearer.
6)结果状语从句--表明主句中谓语动词动作导致的结果。
引导词包括so
that/so...that/such...that等。
常见结果状语从句示例:
Ireceivedmywagesyesterday,sothatIamabletopaywhatIoweyou.
Hewassoangrythathecouldn’tspeak.
Heissuchagoodcolleaguethateveryonerespecthim.
7)比较状语从句--修饰主句中谓语动词动作的程度。
引导词包括as...as/than等。
常见比较状语从句示例:
Timeisaspreciousasgold.
Herpaintingislessattractivethanyours.
8)让步状语从句--表示转折意味。
引导词包括though/although/evenif/no
matter/whatever/however/wherever等。
常见让步状语从句示例:
Thoughheispoor,helivesahappylife.
Eventhoughyoufailedthematch,youhadlearnedalot.
9)方式状语从句--表明主句谓语动词所表示动作进行的方式。
引导词包括asif/asthough/thewaythat等。
常见方式状语从句示例:
Hewalkedasifhewasdrunk.
3.课堂练习
1)______ourmanagerobjectstoTom’sjoiningtheclub,weshallaccepthimasa
member.(2010上海卷)
A.UntilB.UnlessC.IfD.After
2)Youcan’tborrowbooksfromtheschoollibrary______yougetyourstudentcard.
(2009上海卷)
A.beforeB.ifC.whileD.As
3)______wellpreparedyouare,youstillneedalotofluckinmountainclimbing.
(2008上海卷)
A.HoweverB.WhateverC.NomatterD.Although
.AttributiveClause
(定语从句)
1.定语从句的本质
AttributivesinEnglish(英语中的定语表现形式)
Attributeivesindifferentlevels
Examples
Here’syourkey----room201.
Thatprettymiddle-agedwomanspendsallherdaysoffwithherbabygirl.
(单个代词、数词、形容词、副词以及名词等)
TheworktosearchforthemissingflightMH370hastobesuspendedforsomereasons.
Theactresswasoutshinedbythetranslatorstandingbehindher.
Travelersarebannedfromattachingpadlocksinscribedwiththeirnamestotherailingsofthefootbridge.
Thefearsaboutbeingunemployedcausethesleepdeficitofsomeyoungpeopletoday.
(不定式结构、分词短语、介词短语等)
2.包含定语从句的句子结构图示
+
(,)
Mainclause
Attributiveclause
(1)Scientistsaretryingtoinventakindof3-Dprinterwhichcanbe
usedtocopyfoodinthekitchen.
(2)Theprizewillgotothewriterwhosestoryshowsthemost
imagination.(2011全国卷)
3.标示定语从句的特定词----关系词
先行词
关系代词
事物
that,which,whose
人
who,whom,whose
先行词
关系副词
时间
when
地点
where
原因
why
关系词使得定语从句显性化,要正确地使用关系词引导定语从句,可以从几个方面检验:
(1)明确定语从句所修饰的主句部分的概念类别,是指人,物还是其他;
(2)引导定语从句的关系词大都充当从句的某个句子成分,主语、宾语、表语、定语、状
语等,谓语成分除外,关系词若充当从句宾语,可以省略;
1.TheMP3player(which/that)Iboughtonlinelastmonthhasbroken
down.
2.Theagedcouplestronglypreventedtheirdaughterfromdatingher
boyfriend,becausetheydidn’tthinkhewastheman(whom/that)she
couldrelyon.
3.Sheisanactresswhoisverylow-keyinherreallifeandwhose
performanceshaveneverfailedtowinpopularityamongtheaudience.
4.Shelikespassingherweekendsinthecafewhereshemetherhusband
forthefirsttime.
5.Becauseofthefinancialcrisis,daysaregonewhenlocal5-starhotels
charged6,000yuanforonenight.(2009江苏卷)
6.Doyouknowthereasonwhythesmogisbecomingmoreandmore
seriousinourcountry?
4.定语从句的类
限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句在句法作用上都是对主句中某个名词部分或整个主句进行修饰,两者的区别在于:
在视觉上的最明显区别在于逗号的使用,如果定语从句与主句被逗号隔开,该定语从句为非限制性定语从句,反之为限制性定语从句;
试从以下例子感受两者的区别:
(1)MysterycontinuestosurroundthefateofMalaysiaAirlinesflight
MH370,whichdisappearedonroutefromKualaLumpurtoBeijing
on8March.
(2)HarrowingstoriesaboutvictimsoftheminedisasterinTurke
continuetoemerge,withHurriyetnewspaperreportinganotefound
inthehandofadeadminerwhichread:
“Pleasegivemeyour
blessings,myson.”
(3)TheywillflytoWashington,wheretheyplantostayfortwoorthreedays.
(2008重庆卷)
(4)------CanyoubelieveIhadtopay30dollarsforahaircut?
-------Youshoultrythebarber’swhereIgo.It’sonly15.(2010天津卷)
5.课堂练习
1.Irefusetoaccepttheblameforsomething______wassomeone
else’sfault.(2010全国卷)
A.whoB.thatC.asD.what
2.Guncontrolisasubject_______Americanshavearguedforalongtime.
(2009陕西卷)
A.ofwhichB.withwhichC.aboutwhichD.intowhich
3.Occasionsarequiterare______Ihavethetimetospendadaywithmykids.
(2008山东卷)
A.whoB.whichC.whyD.when
4.WheneverImether,______wasfairlyoften,shegreetedmewithasweets