中美家庭教育方式比较文献综述Word格式文档下载.docx

中美家庭教育方式比较文献综述Word格式文档下载.docx

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fromadvancedforeigneducationmethodsareofgreatrealisticsignificancestofacilitatethehealthygrowthofchildrenandtoenhancethequalityoffuturetalent（However,there

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issomethingthatIthoughtdifferentfromthoseexperts,sinceweshouldnotonlyfocusontheweakpointofChinesefamilyeducation,thereisalsosomelessonsthattheAmericansshouldlearnfromus.ThefollowingarewhatIstudiedfromthosefamousscholarsandexperts.

2.1Thedefinitionoffamilyeducation

AccordingtoMengXiaojia:

“Familyeducationisdefinedas:

Thephenomenonthat

parentsortheelderfamilymemberseducatethechildrenconsciously,whichisthemostimportantpartineducationsystem.”（孟小佳，2010:

193）Also,thereisanothersimilar

sayingfromWangJing:

“Thefamilyisthefirstaswellasthelastschoolofmankind.Everyoneisreceivingeducationandparticipatingineducationactivities,consciouslyorunconsciouslyduringhiswholelife.Familyeducationinfluencesindividualsmostprofoundlyandlaststhelongest.”（王婧，2011:

327）HuangXiaoyongsaysthatfamily

educationnotonlyreferstoparentsorelderpeople’steachingtotheyoungergeneration,butalsotheinter-educationbetweenfamilymembers.（黄小勇，2009:

101）

2.2Theaimsoffamilyeducation

HuangHeqingsays:

“Theaimsoffamilyeducationinfluenceitsdirectionanddecideitsresults.Thustheaimisthecoreoffamilyeducation,andit’sthebasicreasonofthedifferencesofChinaandAmericaneducation.”（黄河清:

2003）WangDalipointsoutthat

inAmerica，thepurposeoffamilyeducationistotrainindependentchildrensotheycouldsurviveinallkindsofsocialconditionsandsituations（However，inChina，mostparents

expecttheirdaughterstobephoenixlikeandtheirsonstobedragonlike（Theywishtheir

childrentogointoatopuniversityandfindadecentjob.（王大利，2011:

172）

2.3Themethodsoffamilyeducation

ZhangYangmeihasmentioned:

“Influencedbytraditionalculture,Chineseparents

areusuallymoreimperativethandemocratic,whichdonotbenefitchildren’shealthyupbringing.Weshouldputforward“relaxandopen”education.”（张仰媚，2011）Onthe

contrary,ZhangWeisays:

“Americanparentsusuallyrespecttheirchildren’sinterestand

decisions;

thefamilyeducationisdemocraticandopen.Theyoftensolvedifferentkindsof

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problemsbydiscussingwiththeirchildrenequally.”（张威，2008:

144）

Theparagraphaboveismainlyaboutparents’attitudetotheirchildren;

thereisalso

anotherdifferencebetweenparentsfromthetwocountries.LiXinwritesinhasarticle:

“Chineseparentshaveover-protectedtheirchildren,whichleadtochildren’sdependenceandmakethemdevoidoftheabilitytorecognizeandevaluatetheirownvalueandcapacity.WhileAmericanparentstendtotrainchildrentoliveindependentlyandonlypayattentiontotheirsafety.”（栗新，2006:

39）

2.4Theresultsoffamilyeducation

Differentmethodsleadtodifferentresults.ZengZhilansays:

“Americanchildren

showtheirstrongabilitytoliveindependentlysincetheyareyoung.Onthecontrary,Chinesechildrenandteenagers,evencollegestudents,thoughexcellentintheirstudy,lackofself-awarenessandabilitytoadjustthemtonewenvironment,what’smore,theyhavestrongreliancetoothersandlackofcouragetodothings.”（曾芝兰，2006:

163）Duetothis,

“theysupposethatwhatkindofpersontheirchildrenwillbeisuptothemselves.AsAmericaisanindividualisticcountrywithafinewelfaresystem,parentsdon’texpecttheirchildrentosupportthemaftertheygetoldsotherecouldbefewerworries.”（邵旋&

张晶

中，2010）

2.5Thereasonsofthetwodifferentkindsoffamilyeducation

WhatPuDezhenandSunAixuepointoutisthatthegreatdifferenceofeducationaltraditionisthebasiccausewhichcontributestothedifferencesoffamilyeducationbetweenChinaandAmerican.（卜德镇&

孙爱学，2008:

108）“infamily,childrenwill

accepttheirparents’attitudetovaluegradually.Chinaistypicalcountrywithcommunityinterest,itemphasizestheidentificationofthewholefamilynottheindividual,whileAmericanemphasizetheawarenessof“I”,individualsshouldbeindependent.They

encouragecompetitionratherthancooperation.”（焦潇，2008:

139）

2.6TheenlightenmentfromAmericanfamilyeducation

“Theimportantsignofmodernsocietyisdigitalizationandinformation.Thereisa“digitalgap”ininformationbetweenparentsandchildren.Parentsneedtostudyand“grow

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up”continuouslytoshapechildren’shealthysoul.”（李昊凤&

闵正威，2008:

22）Thisis

justoneaspectfromparentsthemselves,“Toeducateyounggenerationsbetter,weneedeffortsfromdifferentgroups.Atfirst,thecoordinationbetweenparentsandschoolisthekeypoint,onlythroughclosecooperationcanweimprovetheeducationquality.”（李亚&

周侠，2007:

10）

Differenteducationmethodsaretheresultsofdifferentculture;

theyhavetheirownreasonabilityinrespectiveculturalvalue.“ToChineseparents,familyeducationshouldbeover-all,andcan’tonlyfocusonthe“intelligenceeducation”,What’smore,theyshouldnotonlypayattentiontochildren’sphysicalhealth,butalsototheirmentalhealth.”（胡骑

兵，2010:

TheaboveareallwhatIhavelearntfromtheworksofthosefamousscholarsandexperts,everypartisimportantformetostudyfamilyeducation.So,inthefollowingpart,Iwillprocessmythesisaccordingtothosepart,also,IwilladdsomethingthatIthinkdifferentfromthem.SinceChinesefamilyeducationandAmericanfamilyeducationeachhasitsadvantagesanddisadvantages,weneedtobeatabalancedsidetostudythistopic.

3.TheDefinitionofFamilyEducation

Familyeducationisdefinedasaneducationgivenbyparentstochildrenafterthechildrenareborn.Itisthebasicandthemostimportanteducationmodelofthesociety.Inthedictionary,thedefinitionoffamilyeducationisexplainedinthisway:

Parentsoreldergenerationeducatethechildorteenageinfamily.Differentsocietyneedsdifferentfamilyeducation.Thereisalsosomeoneexplaineditinanotherway:

Educationisasocietyusetoeducatenewgenerationwithaimsandsystems.

MengXiaojiasays:

“Familyeducationisdefinedas:

Thephenomenonthatparentsor

theelderfamilymemberseducatethechildrenconsciously,whichisthemostimportantpartineducationsystem.”Forthesakeofthechangingsituation,thedefinitionoffamilyeducationshouldbeextended:

Familyeducationisnotonlytheactionoffamilybut

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concernsthewholesociety.Theaimoffamilyeducationisnotonlyatstudyingthefamilyrelationandlivingskills,butalsotheall-rounddevelopmentofeveryfamilymember.Familyeducationisnotonlythewaythatparentsoreldergenerationeducatethechildorteenageinfamily,butallthefamilymemberseducateeachother.Familyeducationisnotonlytheeducationofthepre-schooleducation,butalsoalllifeeducation.

4.DifferentFamilyEducationMethodsoftheTwoCountries

4.1MethodsofChinesefamilyeducation

4.1.1Takecareofeverythingforchildrenindailylife

Forthesakeofsustainableandharmoniousdevelopment,ourcountryhascarriedouttheonechildpolicyasfamilyplanning,forthisreasonthere’sanincreasingnumberoffamilieswithonechild,parentstendtoover-indulgetheirchildreninasurprisingway.Theyalwaystrytodoalmosteverythingfortheirchildren,suchashelpingthemwashing,cookingmeals,bathing,etc.letalonethehousework.Inshort,manyChineseparents,especiallytheparentswithonechild,arrangeanddecideeverythingfortheirchildrenorevenbecomethesubstitutionoftheirchildrenalmostinallaspectsoflife.

Theseriousconsequenceisthatmanychildrencannotdothesethingsthattheyshoulddointheirage.Forinstance,thethree-year-oldchildrencannotwearbythemselves,thesix