English grammar and word study.docx

English grammar and word study.docx

《English grammar and word study.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《English grammar and word study.docx（26页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

Englishgrammarandwordstudy

语法与词汇练习

练习一、医学术语

1.找出与下列英语后缀相对应的汉语释义

-ics;

-ology;

-ic;

-itis;

-ia;

-ectomy/-tomy

–oma

–oid

-ide

-osis

肿瘤

学（科）

学（科）

杀

与。

。

。

有关的

炎症

类，类似。

。

。

的

病，症

病变状态

切除（术）

2．找出与下列词干对应的英语释义。

1）cardi/cardio

2）pneum/pneumo

3）gastr

4）hepat

5）enter

6）haema/haemo;hema/hemo

7）carcin/carcino

8）ophthalm

9）paedi/pedi/paedo

10）derm

11）gyn/gyne

12）path/patho

13）urin/urino

a）lung

b）liver

c）skin

d）heart

e）child

f）blood

g）eye

h）stomach

i）intestine

j）woman/female

k）urine

l）disease

m）cancer

3.确定下列英语医学术语的汉译

1）carcinoid

2）carcinectomy

3）urinology

4）uremia

5）enteritis

6）dermatology

7）pediatrics

8）pathology

9）ophthalmology

10）appendectomy

11）dermatitis

12）gynecology

13）pneumonic

14）cardiology

15）gastric

16）hepatic

17）neurosis

18）germicide

4.给出下列汉语术语的英语形式

1）血友病

2）扁桃腺炎

3）扁桃体摘除

4）胃切除

5）乙型肝炎

6）儿科病医生

7）非典型性肺炎

8）心电图

9）癌症学

10）纤维瘤

11）类风湿病

12）心肌炎

13）杂交瘤

14）动物恐惧症

15）癔病（歇斯底里症）

16）精神病医生

练习二、含数字前缀的术语

1.请说出下列与数字相关的英语前缀含义。

1）uni-

2）mono-

3）multi-

4）poly-

5）semi-

6）hemi-

7）di-

8）bi-

9）tri-

10）quadr（i）-

11）tetra-

12）penta-

13）quin（que）-

14）hexa-

15）sept（i）-

16）oct（a）-

17）deca-

18）deci-

19）hect（a）-

20）cent-

21）centi-

22）kilo

23）milli-

24）mega-

25）micro-

26）nano-

2．根据以上英语前缀，确定与下列汉语术语对应的英语词

1）半导体，半球，多维系统，聚氯乙烯

2）单轨铁路，单声道录音，单晶硅，一氧化碳

3）二极管，二进制，两栖动物，双翼飞机

4）三方会谈，三脚凳，三极管，三基色的

5）四极管，四肢瘫痪，四头肌，四环素

6）五角大楼，现代五项，六边形，六价

7）七项全能，七价的，八进制，八极管，

8）十进制，分贝，分米，十项全能

9）厘米，百米，毫米，千米

10）兆字节，兆赫，微米，纳米技术

3.根据以上英语数字前缀，给出下列词语的汉译

1）hemicrystalline,semiaquaticcrocodiles,polycrystallinesilicon,multiplecuttingedgetool

2）monomolecularreactions,monochromatic,unidirectional,unicellularorganisms,

3）bicentennial,bifocalglasses,dioxin,anambidextroushandgun

4）atriphibianmonster,trilingual,trichloroethylene,theTriassic

5）tetraoxide,tetratomic,quadruvalent,quadrupletransistor

6）pentahydrade,quniquemolecularreaction,hexatomic,sextet

7）septet,heptode,octangular,octonarysignaling

8）decameterwave,duodecimal,deciliter,decimeter

9）centipede,bicentennialquincentenary,millenniumbug,millimeter

10）megavolt,megacycle,microwave,nanocircuit

练习三、含其它词缀与词干的术语

1.阅读下列各组词语，解释每组词语中主要词缀或词干的意义。

例：

voltmeter,amperemeter,chronometer,decibelmeter，thermometer

-meter：

instrumentformeasuring计，仪，表，

1）pseudonym,pseudo-democratic,pseudopregnancy,pseudoscience

2）genocide,insecticide,pesticide,homicide,infanticide

3）chlorophyll,chlorite,chlorine,sodiumchloride

4）Mesolithic,mesothorax,medieval,median,mediator,Mediterranean

5）thermometer,thermonuclear,thermophilic,thermalconductivity

6）transliterate,transcription,transformer,transmitter,transplant

7）circulation,circumnavigation,circumference,circumlunar

8）eject,emigrate,export,emitter,exhaust

9）auditorium，sanatorium，solarium，aquarium，

10）audiblealarm,inaudiblesound,audience,audiovisual

11）chronometer,chronologicalorder,synchronizer

12）predict,Dictaphone,benediction

13）telegram,telegraph,cartography,geography,electrocardiogram

14）mortality,mortal,mortuary,immortal

15）dealcoholize,dehydration,deasphalt,derail,dehumidify,deodorant

16）dermatology,epidermis,hypodermis

17）psycholinguistics,psychology,psychiatry,psychoneurotic

18）geophysics,geothermal,geology,geochronology,terrain,extraterrestrial,territorial，Mediterranean

19）hydroelectricpowerplant,hydraulics,hydrocarbon,hydromechanics

20）orthodox,orthodontics,orthography,orthopaedics

21）pseudonym,synonym,antonym,nomination,nominalpower,nomenclature

22）asexual,achromatic,anachronism,apathetic,asymmetric

23）pneumatictools,atypicalpneumonia,hydropneumatic

24）symphony,phonetics,stereophonic,phonometer,sonority,supersonic,subsonic

25）telescope,microscope,periscope,stereoscope

26）anthropologymisanthropephilanthropic

27）philosophy,philotechnic,philharmonic,anglophile

28）zoophobia,technophobia,xenophobe,Anglophobic,

29）heterocharge,heterochromosome,heterodox,heteromorphic

30）homosexual,homocharge,homonym,homopolar

31）sympathy,telepathicunderstanding,empathy,apathy

32）periscope,peripheral,periglacial,perimeter

33）heliocentric,heliograph,heliosis,helioscope,solarenergy,solarium

34）electron,barytron,neutron,proton,photon

35）agriculture,agrarian,agronomist,agronomy

36）allophone,allochromatic,allogene,allotype

37）ambienttemperature,ambiguous,ambivalence,amphibian,amphitheatre

38）anthrax,anthracite,anthracometer,carbide,carbondioxide,carbonateddrinks

39）archeology,archeolithic,paleolithic,archaic,palaeo-climatology,paleontology,Paleozoic

40）hydrogen,oxygen,degenerativedisorder,generator,gene,

41）pentagon,hexagon,heptagon,diagonal

42）contradict,contra-injection,contra-rotating,antibiotics,anticorrosion

43）intracellular,intracity,intra-atomic,introspect

44）transmittedsignals,greengasemissions,hospitaladmission,missile

45）telecast,teleconference,telescopic,

46）posterior,postglacial,postmeridian,post-mortem,postscript

47）aerobatics,aerophotography,areomedical,aerodynamics

48）synchronizer,symbion,symphonic,asymmetry,synthesizer

49）euphemism,eulogy,euphoria,euthanasia,eugenics

50）carnivore,herbivore,carnivorous,herbivorous,anthropophagic,xylophagousinsects

2.Diminutivessuffixes

-ette:

kitchenette,cigaretteNovelettedisketteessayette,roomette,brunette,bachelorette,towelette，statuettes；

-kin:

manikin,cannikin，lambkin；

OriginofthewordYankee:

Jan—Jankee—Yankee—DutchpeoplelivinginNewAmsterdam（Present-dayNewYork）—Americanslivinginthenorth—Americansasawhole.

-ling:

ducking,seedling,siblings,princeling；

-let:

piglet,booklet,islet,leaflet;

-y:

piggy,kitty,maidy,puppy

-ish：

brownish,reddish,blackish,sevenish

OtherDiminutiveforms：

clippedforms（asJim,Tim,Tom,Sam）；alteredforms（asPeggy,Bill,Bob

*HowaboutChinesediminutives?

3.说出以下词语的汉语意义

1）aclassicperformanceclassicalmusic,classicalChinese

2）acomicmasterpiececomicalbehavior

3）aneconomicmiracleeconomicalarrangement

4）ahistoricsitehistoricalfigure

5）anelectricmotorelectricalappliance

4.PutthefollowingintoChinese

1）Hewastheoldestandlordeditovertherestofus

2）Sheusedtoqueenitoverthegirls.

3）Hekingsitoverhiscolleagues.

4）Hethenclerkeditinadrugstore.

5）You’llcopitifmothercatchesyouinthekitchenagain.

6）Sometimesaboxerdogsit.

7）Icabbedithomeyesterday.（taxiit,trainit,etc）

8）Hehasbeenroughingitinthewoodsthissummer.

9）Aswefeelthatwehaddonetherightthingwecouldbraveitout.

10）Whenthingsaren’tgoingwell,he’lljustbeatit.

11）You’vehititagain.

12）There’ssometimebeforethetrainleaves.Ithinkweshallmakeitifwehurry.

13）Theambulancemenhadtoelbowtheirwaythroughthehugecrowdstandingroundthecrashedcar.

14）Thesteamernoseditswayalongthewindingcreek.

15）Thesoldierwormedhiswaytowardtheenemy’sline.

16）Hewarmedhiswayintoheraffections.

17）Thetrainwassnakingitswaythroughthemountains.

18）Hepickedhiswayacrosstheroughandrockyhillside.

19）Theshipploughedherwaythroughthehugewaves.

20）Theblindmangroped（felt）hiswaytothedoor.

Squeezeone’sway,fightone’sway,shootone’sway,forceone’sway,beatone’sway,digone’sway,etc.

5.用以下给出的词语将下列句子译成英语。

noseout,build,catch,shoulder,feed,pocket,say,seat,draw,bottle,

1）他体型和他哥哥差不多。

2）去年的捕鱼量为86年的四倍。

3）它们可作牲口饲料。

4）妇女在各方面都有同等发言权。

5）这场比赛以平局告终。

6）这座礼堂可容纳1000人。

7）这台机器一天可装15000瓶冷霜。

8）这些钱都进了贪官的腰包。

9）我们应当负起这些责任来。

10）我从不喜欢探听别人的私生活。

father，coat，must，number，thinout，flower，man,nurse，brave，slow，

11）这台设备要有三名工人操作。

12）他不睡觉来照顾小孩。

13）他有过许多发明。

14）茉莉花什么时候开？

15）药丸外面包有糖衣。

16）实际劳动力有1000多人。

17）火车速度减慢了一半。

18）花匠定期打掉一些叶子。

19）他们不顾严寒完成了这条铁路的建设。

20）这是电子专业学生的必读书。

练习四、构词法与机构、品牌、会展等的命名

1.以下是一些专业公司或产品名称，请从构词角度评论该公司或品牌的命名理据

1）CineAlta：

abrandnameusedbySony,whichcoverssuchproductsascamera,camcorder,recorder,cinemaserverandprojector.

2）Nestogen:

abrandnameusedbyNestletodesignateoneofitsinfantfoods

3）FrigidairewasfoundedastheGuardianFrigeratorCompanyinFortWayne,Indiana,anddevelopedthefirstself-containedrefrigeratorin1916.In1918,itadoptedthenameFrigidaire.Afteranumberofacquisitions,FrigidaireisnowownedbyElectroluxofSweden.

4）HaemacureCorporationisaspecialtybio-therapeuticscompanydevelopinghigh-valuehumanbiologicaladhesives,hemostatsandtherapeuticproteinsforcommercialization.

5）Sinotrans,orSinotrans（HK）ShippingLimitedisoneofthelargestlinershippingcompaniesinAsia.

6）Amtrak,ortheNationalRailroadPassengerCorporation,isagovernment-ownedcorporationthatwasorganizedonMay1,1971toprovideintercitypassengertrainserviceintheUnitedStates.

7）GenentechInc.,aportmanteauofGeneticEngineeringTechnology,Inc.,isaleadingbiotechnologycorporation,whichwasfoundedin1976byventurecapitalistRobertA.SwansonandbiochemistDr.HerbertBoye

8）CelgeneCorporationisamanufacturerofdrugtherapiesforcancerandinflammatorydisorders.ItisincorporatedinDelawareandheadquarteredinSummit,NewJersey.

9）ComcastCorporation,foundedin1963,isthelargestcableoperatorintheUnitedStates,providingcabletelevision,broadbandInternet,andtelephoneservicetobothresidentialandcommercialcustomers.

10）PanasonicCorporation,formerlyknownasMatsushitaElectricIndustrialCo.,Ltd.,isamultinationalcorporationbasedinKadoma,Japan.ItsmainbusinessisinelectronicsmanufacturingandproducesproductsunderavarietyofnamesincludingPanasonicandTechnics.

2．以下是一些国际展览的简略名称，请判断这些展览的大致专业属性。

1）MechanEx2009

2）NanoForum2009

3）Aero-EngineExpo

4）Floriade2009

5）Iberflora

6）Agrotica2