英语四级仔细阅读真题总三套题及答案精修订Word文件下载.docx

英语四级仔细阅读真题总三套题及答案精修订Word文件下载.docx

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Nowthatwomenarethemajorityofcollegestudentsandsurpassmeninboththenumberofundergraduateandadvanceddegreesawarded,onemightthinkthecollegecampusisaprettyequalplace.Itisnot.Studiesshowthatwhilegirlsdobetterthanboysinhighschool,theystarttotrailoffduringtheircollegeyears.Theyenrollindifferentkindsofclasses,tendtomajorinlessrigorous（非常严格的）subjects,andgenerallyheadoffwithlessambitiousplans.

Asaresult,it'

snotsurprisingthateventhebesteducatedyoungwomenentertheworkplacewithaslightdisadvantage.Theircollegeexperienceleavesthemsomewhatconfused,stillstumbling（栽倒）overthedilemmastheirgrandmothers'

generationsoughttodestroy.AretheysupposedtobeprettyorsmartStrongorsexy（性感的）Alltheirlives,today'

syoungwomenhavebeenpushedtoembracebothperfectionandpassion-topursuescienceandsports,mathandtheater-anddoitallaswellastheypossiblycan.Nowondertheyarenotnegotiatingforhighersalariesassoonastheygetoutofschool.Theyaretooexhausted,andtooscaredoffailing.

56.Traditionally,itisbelievedthatwomenearnlessthanmenbecause______.

A）theyhavefailedtotakeasmanyrigorouscourses

B）theydonotfeelasfitformanagementroles

C）theyfeelobligedtotakecareoftheirkidsathome

D）theydonotexhibittheneededleadershipqualities

57.WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutAmerica'

shighereducationsystem?

A）Itdoesnotofferspecificcareercounselingtowomen.

B）Itdoesnotconsideritseconomicimpactongraduates.

C）Itdoesnottakecareofwomenstudents'

specialneeds.

D）Itdoesnotencouragewomentotakerigoroussubjects.

58.Whatdoestheauthorsayabouttoday'

scollegeexperience?

A）Itisdifferentformaleandfemalestudents.

B）Itisnotthesameasthatofearliergenerations.

C）Itismoreexhaustingthanmostwomenexpect.

D）ItisnotsosatisfyingtomanyAmericanstudents.

59.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutwomenstudentsincollege?

A）Theyhavenoideahowtobringouttheirbest.

B）Theydropacoursewhentheyfindittoorigorous.

C）Theyarenotaspracticalasmeninchoosingcourses.

D）Theydon'

tperformaswellastheydidinhighschool.

60.Howdoestheauthorexplainthepaygapbetweenmenandwomenfreshfromcollege?

A）Womenaretoowornouttobeambitious.

B）Womenarenotreadytotakemanagementroles.

C）Womenarecaughtbetweencareerandfamily.

D）Womenarenotgoodatnegotiatingsalaries.

PassageTwo

Questions61to65arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Headingleadershipliterature,you'

dsometimesthinkthateveryonehasthepotentialtobeaneffectiveleader.

Idon'

tbelievethattobetrue.Infact,IseewayfewertrulyeffectiveleadersthanIseepeoplestuckinpositionsofleadershipwhoaresadlyincompetentandseriouslymisguidedabouttheirownabilities.

Partofthereasonthishappensisalackofhonestself-assessmentbythosewhoaspireto（追求）leadershipinthefirstplace.

We'

veallmetthetypeofindividualwhosimplymusttakecharge.Whetherit'

sadecision-makingsession,abasketballgame,orafamilyouting,theycan'

thelpgrabbingtheleaddogpositionandclingingontoitfordearlife.Theybelievethey'

renaturalbornleaders.

Truthis,they'

renothingofthesort.Trueleadersdon'

tassumethatit'

stheirdivine（神圣的）right,totakechargeeverytimetwoormorepeoplegettogether.Quitetheopposite.Agreatleaderwillassesseachsituationonitsmerits,andwillonlytakechargewhentheirposition,thesituation,and/ortheneedsofthemomentdemandit.

Manybusinessexecutivesconfuseleadershipwithaction.Theybelievethatconstantmotionsomehowgeneratesleadershipasabyproduct.Facedwithanysituationthatcan'

tbesolvedbythesheerforceofactivity,theygenerateadustcloudofimpatience.Theironeleadershiptoolisvolume:

iftheythinkyouaren'

tworkingashardastheythinkyoushould,theirdemandsbecomeincreasinglylouderandharsher.

Trueleadersunderstandthevalueofaction,ofcourse,butitisn'

ttheironlytool.Infact,itisn'

teventheirprimarytool.Greatleadersseemorethaneveryoneelse:

answers,solutions,patterns,problems,opportunities.Theyknowit'

svitallyimportanttodo,buttheyalsoknowthatthinking,understanding,reflectionandinterpretationareequallyimportant.

Ifyou'

retooconcernedwithoutcomestotheextentthatyoumanipulateandintimidateotherstoachievethoseoutcomes,thenyouaren'

tleadingatall,you'

redictating.Atrueleaderissomeonewhodevelopshisorherteamsothattheycananddohittheirtargetsandachievetheirgoals.

注意：

此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

61.Whatdoestheauthorthinkoftheleadersheknows?

A）Manyofthemareusedtotakingcharge.

B）Fewofthemareequaltotheirpositions.

C）Manyofthemfailtofullydeveloptheirpotential.

D）Fewofthemarefamiliarwithleadershipliterature.

62.Whyaresomepeopleeagertogrableadershippositions?

A）Theybelievetheyhavethenaturalgifttolead.

B）Theybelieveinwhatleadershipliteraturesays.

C）Theyhaveprovedcompetentinmanysituations.

D）Theyderivegreatsatisfactionfrombeingleaders.

63.Whatcharacterizesagreatleaderaccordingtotheauthor?

A）Beingabletotakepromptactionwhenchancespresentthemselves.

B）Havingawhole-hearteddedicationtotheirdivineresponsibilities.

C）Havingafullunderstandingoftheirownmeritsandweaknesses.

D）Beingabletoassessthesituationcarefullybeforetakingcharge.

64.Howwillmanybusinessexecutivesrespondwhentheircommandfailstogenerateaction?

A）Theyreassessthesituationathand.

B）Theybecomeimpatientandrude.

C）Theyresorttoanytoolavailable.

D）Theyblametheirteammembers.

65.Whatistheauthor'

sadvicetoleaders?

A）Concentrateononespecifictaskatatime.

B）Usedifferenttoolstoachievedifferent,goals.

C）Buildupastrongteamtoachievetheirgoals.

D）Showdeterminationwhenfacedwithtoughtasks.

第三套

Hospitals,hopingtocurbmedicalerror,haveinvestedheavilytoputcomputers,smartphonesandotherdevicesintothehandsofmedicalstaffforinstantaccesstopatientdata,druginformationandcasestudies.

Butlikemanycures,thissolutionhascomewithanunintendedsideeffect;

doctorsandnursescanbefocusedonthescreenandnotthepatient,evenduringmomentsofcriticalcare.Apollshowedthathalfofmedicaltechnicianshadadmittedtextingduringaprocedure.

Thisphenomenonhassetoffanintensifyingdiscussionathospitalsandmedicalschoolsaboutaproblemperhapsbestdescribedas"

distracteddoctoring."

Inresponse,somehospitalshavebegunlimitingtheuseofelectronicdevicesincriticalsettings,whileschoolshavestartedremindingmedicalstudentstofocusonpatientsinsteadofdevices.

"

Youjustifycarryingdevicesaroundthehospitaltodomedicalrecords,butyoucansurftheInternetordoFacebook,andsometimesFacebookismoretempting,"

saidDr.PeterPapadakosattheUniversityofRochesterMedicalCenter.

Mygutfeeling（本能的感觉）islivesareindanger,"

saidDr.Papadakos."

renoteducatingpeopleabouttheproblem,andit'

sgettingworse."

Asurveyof439medicaltechniciansfoundthat55percentoftechnicianswhomonitorbypassmachinesacknowledgedthattheyhadtalkedoncellphonesduringheartsurgery.Halfsaidtheyhadtextedwhileinsurgery.Thestudyconcluded,"

Suchdistractionshavethepotentialtobedisastrous."

Medicalprofessionalshavealwaysfacedinterruptionsfromcellphones,andmultitaskingissimplyafactoflifeformanymedicaljobs.Whathaschanged,saydoctors,especiallyyoungerones,isthattheyfaceincreasingpressuretointeractwiththeirdevices.

Thepressurestemsfromamantra（信条）ofmodemmedicinethatpatientcaremustbe"

datadriven,"

andinformedbythelatest,instantlyaccessibleinformation.Bymanyaccounts,thetechnologyhashelpedreducemedicalerrorbyprovidinginstantaccesstopatientdataorprescriptiondetails.

Dr.PeterCarmel,presidentoftheAmericanMedicalAssociation,saidtechnology"

offersgreatpotentialinhealthcare,"

butheaddedthatdoctors'

firstpriorityshouldbewiththepatient.

56.Whydohospitalsequiptheirstaffwithcomputers,smartphonesandotherdevices?

57.A）Toreducemedicalerror.

58.B）Tocopewithemergencies.

59.C）Tofacilitateadministration.

60.D）Tosimplifymedicalprocedures.

57.Whatdoestheauthorrefertoby"

distracteddoctoring"

A）Thedisservicedonebymodemdevicestodoctors,nurses,aswellaspatients.

B）Thetenden