人工神经网络外文翻译Word文档下载推荐.docx

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Table1:

Averageenergyconsumptionforteachingfacilitiesin2006（perNaturalResourcesCanada,OEE）.

AverageTeachingFacilityinQuebec

1.90GJ/m2/yr

AverageTeachingFacilityinCanada

1.70GJ/m2/yr

Table2:

EnergycomparisonofschoolsinQuebec,OntarioandCanada

名称

GJ/m2/yr

Reduction％

1.90

—

1.70

ReferenceBuilding（School）asPerMNECBofCanadaforQuebec）

1.30

ReferenceBuilding（School）asPerMNECBofCanadaforOntario

1.27

2.4

KSS（ActualDatafor2008–2009）

0.63

51.4

Table3:

ConstructioncostsinCanadiandollars.

cost

$

$/m2

$/ft2

Mechanical

1459555

265.37

24.33

Electrical

1059676

192.67

17.66

WholeBuilding

8591279

1562.05

143.19

Forexample,treessurroundingthepathprovideshadeforthesouthfadeofthefacilityduringsummer.Withleavesshedinthewinter,theresultingsolargainsareusedasanauxiliaryheatingsource.

Table1showsdatapublishedbyNaturalResourcesCanadaontheaverageenergyconsumptionofteachingfacilitiesin2006.

Table2showsanenergycomparisonbetweentheaveragefacilitiespresentedinTable1,thereferencebuildingaspertheModelNationalEnergyCodeforBuildings（MNECB）ofCanadaforateachingfacilityincludinggeothermalenergyintheProvinceofQuebec1andintheProvinceofOntario,2andthenewKahnawakeSurvivalSchool.

Table2showsthatKSSperformswellat66.8%moreefficientthantheaverageteachingfacilityintheProvinceofQuebecand51.4%moreefficientthanthereferencebuildingoftheMNECBofCanadaforateachingfacilityinQuebecusinggeothermalenergy.

Heatrecoveryisappliedtofreshairandexhaustusinganenthalpywheel.Coilsandfiltersinthesystemsareselectedat1.8m/s（350fpm）toreducestaticpressureloss.Variablefrequencydrivesareinstalledonallfansandmotorsandaredirectlycoupledtoavoidbeltlossesandreducemaintenance.Motorsarehighefficiency.Aclosedloopgeothermalheatexchanger（15verticalboreholesof137m2[450ft]）isusedtosupplytemperedglycoltolocalgeothermalwater-to-airheatpumps.Awater-to-waterheatpumpproduceshotorcoldglycoltosupplyacoilinthemainfreshairventilationunitthatprovidesoutsideairtoallbuildingareas.

AdditionalenergyefficientmeasuresimplementedarehighefficiencylightingfixturesandfreshaircontrolusingCO2sensorsforthegym.

Ductingwasdesignedtogrouptheclassroomsinfourzones,withafifthzonefortheoffices.Assoonasallclassroomsinonezoneareunoccupied,thatventilationzoneisshutdown.Whenallzonesareclosed,themainsystemisturnedoff.

Physicalseparationsarepresentbetweenclassroomsandoffices,givingameansofcontrollingIAQandenergyconsumptiondependingonoccupationmodes（officesareusedinsummer,whileclassesarenot;

classescanbeusedatnightthroughouttheyearwhileofficesareemptyatnight,etc.）.

Commissioningwasperformedwithemphasisonperformancesofprimaryair-handlingunits（AHUs）andventilationstrategies.Todealwiththeamountoffreshairinjectedintothegymnasium,CO2sensorswereinstalledinthereturnductleadingtotheair-handlingunits,analyzingCO2quantitiescontainedinreturnair.FreshairisinjectedinthemixingboxoftheAHUtomaintainCO2levelsat800ppm.

Thespecialvariableairvolume（VAV）systemwithpredeterminedoutsideairrateandterminalreheatisanefficientwayofprovidingeffectiveindoorenvironmentalqualitytotheusers.AllzonesinthebuildingcanmaintaineffectivetemperaturewithintheASHRAEcomfortzoneasdefinedinASHRAEStandard55.Aminimumhumiditylevelof30%ismaintainedduringwinterusingelectricalsteamgeneratorhumidifiersinstalledintheair-Image:

.2009DigitalGlobe

Image:

.2009DigitalGlobetechnologyawardcasestudies

BuildingataGlance

Name:

KahnawakeSurvivalSchool

Location:

Kahnawake,QC,Canada

Owner:

KahnawakeEducationCenter

PrincipalUse:

School

Includes:

HighSchool,Community

Center,PublicAssembly

Employees/Occupants:

450students

GrossSquareFootage:

60,000ft2

SubstantialCompletion/Occupancy:

August2008

Occupancy:

100%handlingunits.Duringsummer,amaximumof60%isallowed（designcriteriaforoffices）.

Consideringthemanytypesofactivityoccurringinthebuilding（teaching,administration,communityactivities,shows,sportingevents,communitymeetingsandshelter）,twobasicoptionswereanalyzed:

dedicatedsystemsandcentralizedsystems.Afteranalysis,itwasdecidedtocombinebothstrategies.Theuseofacentralizedsystemtoconditiontheamountofoutsideairrequiredandsenditinallzoneswasthebestsolution.Thecapabilitytooperateatvariableflowwasamajoraspectofthissystemsinceclassroomsandteachingareasarenotused24/7whileofficesandadministrativeareasoperatethroughouttheyear.

Becauseclassroomsarenotusedduringthehottermonthsoftheyear（frommid-JunetotheendofAugust）,coolingtheclassroomsandthegymwasquestioned.Itwasdecidedtouselocalgeothermalwater-to-airheatpumpsintotheadministrativeandofficeareasandinthecafeteria/studentloungeasthoseareasweremorelikelytobeusedthroughouttheyearorduringsummerforevents.Thefreshairsystemwasequippedwithageothermalwater-to-waterheatpumptoallowheating/cooling/dehumidificationoffreshairsuppliedtoallareasincluding

classroomsandthegym.

Forthegym,aprovisionhasbeenmadetoallowinstallationofcoolingcapacityinthesysteminthefuturebyaddingawater-waterheatpumptosupplyacoil.Naturalventilationisavailableforallclassroomsandthegymusingoperablewindows.Themaincentralcorridorisopenontwostoriesandcontinueshigher（almostthreefloors）toactasanaturalchimney.Allclassroomsareopenedtothecentralcorridor（usingoperablepanels）.Whentheoutsideconditionsareadequate,a

specialgreenlightshowsteachers/usersitisagooddaytousenaturalventilation.Operablewindowslocatedatthetopofthenaturalchimneyareopened,andteachers/userscandecideiftheywanttoopenthem.

Ifveryhotdaysoccurduringtheacademicyear,aprovisionfortwopropellerfans,locatedateachendofthemaincorridor,wasplanned（atthetopofthenaturalchimney）.Thiswouldforceairmovementthroughthebuilding（usingnaturalventilationopeningsinclassroomsbutclosingthewindowsatthetopofthenaturalchimney）.Thesamestrategywasappliedtothegym,allowingittobenaturallycooled.Also,adedicatedair-handlingunitwasinstalledintothegymforventilationandheatingpurposes.Variablefrequencydriveswereinstalledoneachfan.Heatrecoverywasimplementedonexhaustfans（washrooms,janitorrooms,etc）.

Acentralizedbuildingautomationsystem（BAS）linksallmechanicalcomponentsthroughacentralizedDDCnetwork.Acentralpanelislocatedinthemainmechanicalroomandissimpletousesothatoccupantswhoarepresentoutsideofnormalbusinesshourscanstart/stopdifferentfeaturesofthebuilding（naturalventilation,forcednaturalventilationfans,primaryfreshairsystem,gymventilationsystemandgymforcednaturalventilationfans）.

CommissioningwasdoneontheBAS,whichhelpedimproveenergyefficiency.Thisprocesscontinuedafterdeliveryofthebuildingandwillcontinueforafewyearstoperfectlytunethebuildingtothedesiredoperation.

Capitalcostswerecontrolledbyprovidingsimplesystemsthatrelyonwell-established,low-costtechnologiesandbyoptimizingequipmentselectionfordependability,lowmaintenanceandmaximumefficiency.AmajoradvantageoftheVAVsystemswithterminalreheatisthat,despitedifferentloadrequirements,acomfortableenvironmentcanbemaintainedinallrooms.Thismakesthesystemsflexibleenoughtoadapt,atlowcost,toanylayoutmodification.

Designingcomplicatedsystemsisnotalwaysaguaranteeforenergyefficiency.Infact,theguidingprincipleisthatsimplersystems（aslongasenergyefficiencyisnotcompromised）areunderstoodbetterbymaintenancepersonnel,whichlowersoperationcosts.

Thedecreaseofenergyconsumptionledtoareductionof