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六腑属阳，五脏属阴Thesixbowelsareyangandthefivevisceraareyin.
气属阳，血属阴
表、实、热证属阳，里、虚、寒属阴Exterior,excessandheatdiseasepatternsareyang,whileinterior,deficiencyandcolddiseasepatternsareyin.
阴阳互根mutualrootingofyinandyang
阳根于阴，阴根于阳Yanghasitsrootinyin;
yinhasitsrootinyang.
阴损及阳Detrimenttoyinaffectsyang
阳损及阴Detrimenttoyangaffectsyin.
肝阳上亢Ascendanthyperactivityofliveryang
阳胜则阴病，阴胜则阳病；
Ifyangabounds,yinailsandifyinabounds,yangails.
阳胜则热，阴胜则寒
Whenyangprevails,thereisheatandwhenyinprevailsthereiscold.
寒胜则痛whencoldprevails,thereispain.
升清降浊upbearingtheclearanddownbearingtheturbid
邪之所凑，其气必虚
Forpathogenstoencroach,qimustbedeficient（translatedbyNigelWiseman）
大肠主津，小肠主液
Thelargeintestinegovernsfluidwhilethesmallintestinegovernshumor.
夺血者无汗，夺汗者无血。
Despoliationofblooddiminishessweat,anddespoliationofsweatdiminishesblood.
衄家不可发汗，亡血家不可发汗。
Patientssufferingfromnosebleedsmaynotbemadetosweatandpatientssufferingfrombloodcollapsemaynotbemadetosweat.
1．2治疗学（Therapeutics）
●散dissipate
●理regulate
●清clear
●泻purge
●敛constrain
●润moisten
●补tonify
●滋enrich
●养nourish
●健fortify
●固secure
●解release
●涩astringe
●祛dispel
●温warm
●益replenish
●除eliminate
●化resolve
●化痰resolvephlegm
●（转）化transform
●肝阳化火liveryangtransformingintofire
●肝阳化风liveryangtransformingintowind
●疏soothing（动词原形：
soothe）
●疏肝理气soothetheliverandregulateqi
●疏肝养血soothetheliverandnourishtheblood
●疏肝健脾soothetheliverandfortifythespleen
●疏肝和胃soothetheliverandharmonizethestomach
●温补命门warmandtonifythelifegate
●解表releasetheexterior
●清法clearingmethod
●清肝火clearliverfire
●清热和胃clearheatandharmonizethestomach
●泻火purgefire
●泻肝purgetheliver
●泻心purgetheheart
●润肠Moistentheintestines
●温胃warmthestomach
●温中warmthemiddle
●温中散寒warmthemiddletodissipatecold
●温中和胃warmthemiddletoharmonizethestomach
●温阳行水warmyangtomovewater
●温经止痛warmthemeridiantorelievepain
●散淤dissipatethestasis
●散寒dissipatecold
●潜阳subdueyang
●平肝潜阳pacifythelivertosubdueyang
●宣肺止咳diffusethelungtosuppresscough
●宣肺平喘diffusethelungtocalmpanting
●宣肺化痰diffusethelungtoresolvephlegm
●补气生血tonifyqiandengenderblood
●补养心血tonifyandnourishheartblood
●滋阴补阳enrichyinandtonifyyang
●虚者补之Treatdeficiencywith（orby）tonification或
Deficiencyistreatedwith（orby）tonification
●寒者热之Treatcoldwithheat
●热者寒之Treatheatwithcold
●扶正祛邪reinforcethehealthyqiandeliminatethepathogenicfactors.
●八法eightmethods
●扶正reinforcethehealthyqi
●祛邪eliminatethepathogenicfactors.
祛风剂wind-dispellingformula
清暑剂summerheat-clearingformula
安神剂tranquilizingformula
补益剂tonifyingandreplenishingformula
理血剂blood-regulatingformula
1．3Syndromedifferentiation
●辨证patternidentification/syndromedifferentiation
●阴阳辨证yin-Yangpatternidentification/syndromedifferentiation
●阴阳失调证pattern/syndromeofyin-yangdisharmony
●阴证yinpattern/syndrome
●阴虚证yindeficiencypattern/syndrome
●阴阳两虚pattern/syndromeofdualdeficiencyofyinandyang
●阴虚火旺证pattern/syndromeofyindeficiencywitheffulgentfire
●阴虚水停证pattern/syndromeofyindeficiencywithwaterretention
●阴虚湿热证pattern/syndromeofyindeficiencywithdampness-heat
●lowfever,nightsweating（nightsweats）,flushedcheeksintheafternoon,vexingheatinthechest,palmsandsoles,abitterandgreasytasteinthemouth,reddenedtonguewithyellowslimyfurandrapidfinepulse
●表证exteriorpattern
●suddenonset,aversiontocoldortowind,fever,headache,generalizedpain,thintonguefurandfloatingpulse
●半表半里证half-exteriorhalf-interiorpattern/syndrome
●bittertasteinthemouth,drythroat,nauseaandlossofappetite,string-likepulse
●表虚证exteriordeficiencypattern/syndrome
●reluctancetospeak,lassitude,palpitation,dizziness,tinnitus,decreasedfoodintake,weakpulse
●表寒证exteriorcoldpattern
●表热证exteriorheatpattern
●里热证interiorheatpattern
●表热里寒patternofexteriorheatandinteriorcold
Chapter2Qi,blood,essenceandfluidandhumor
2．1Basicterms
●津液fluidandhumor
●伤津damagetofluid
●先天之气innateqi（prenatalqi）
●先天之精innateessence
●后天之气acquiredqi
●后天之精acquiredessence
●正气healthyqi
●邪气pathogenicqi
●元气primordialqi（sourceqi）
●卫气defensiveqi
●营气nutrient（nutritive）qi
●脏气visceralqi
●腑气bowelqi
●血虚blooddeficiency
●肝藏血theliverstorestheblood.
●脾统血thespleenmanagestheblood.
●血主濡之bloodgovernsnutrition.
●血热bloodheat
●血为气之母bloodisthemotherofqi
●血瘀bloodstasis
●瘀血staticblood
●Essenceisthebasisofthebody
●acquiredessence
●essenceofwaterandfood
●reproductiveessence（innateessence）
●气为血之帅Qiisthecommanderoftheblood.
●气能生血Qiengendersblood.
●气能行血Qimovesblood.
●气能摄血Qicontainsblood.
●气不摄血Qideficiencyfailingtocontrolblood
●气脱qicollapse
●气闭qiblock
●气滞qistagnation
●气逆qicounterflow
●气陷qisinking
●气机不利inhibitedqimovement（或inhibitedqidynamics）
●三焦tripleenergizers
●上焦upperenergizer
●中焦middleenergizer
●下焦lowerenergizer
●筋骨sinewsandbones
●血气不和，百病乃而生
●Ifbloodandqifallintodisharmony,ahundreddiseasesmayarise.
●气主煦之，血主濡之Qiinvigoratesandbloodnourishes.
●Humanlifedependsonthisqi.
●Whenqigathers,thephysicalbodyisformed;
whenitdisperses,thebodydies
●中焦受气，取汁，变化为赤，是谓血
●Themiraculouspivotstates:
“themiddleenergizertakesinqi,extractsitsessence,andturnsitintotheredsubstancethatisblood.”
●肝受血而能视；
足受血能步；
掌受血能握；
指受血而能摄。
●Theliverreceivesblood,sothereissight;
thelegsreceivebloodandthusareabletowalk;
thehandsreceivebloodandsoareabletogrip;
thefingersreceivebloodandthenareabletograsp.
●中焦之所受气者，泌其糟粕，蒸津液，化其精微，上行于肺脉，乃化而为血，以奉生身，莫贵于此，故独得行于经隧，命曰营气。
●Fromtheqithatthemiddleenergizertakesin,itproduceswasteanddistillsfluidsfromwhichitextractstheessence.Thisthenflowsintothelungmeridianwhereitistransformedintobloodwhichfurnishestheneedsofthebody.Itspreciousnessisunexcelledbyanything.Itflowsthroughthebloodvesselsandisknownasnutrientqi.
2．2Symptoms
●血虚证:
证见面白无华或萎黄、唇色淡白、爪甲苍白、头晕眼花、心悸失眠、手足发麻、舌淡苔白、脉细无力
●blooddeficiencypattern/syndrome
Commonly-seensymptomsinblooddeficiencysyndromeare:
pale（lusterless）orsallowcomplexion,palelipsandnails,dizziness,dimmedvision,insomnia,palpitations,numbnessofextremities,paletongueandwhitetonguefurandfine（forceless）pulse.
●面色淡白或晦滞，身倦乏力，气少懒言，疼痛如刺，常见于胸胁，痛处不移，拒按，舌淡暗或有紫斑，脉沉涩。
Palewhiteordull,darkcomplexion,lassitudeandlackofstrength,shortageofqiwithnodesiretotalk,unpalpablestabbingpainfrequentlyseeninrib-side（s）offixedlocation,paletongueorwithpurplespeckles,sunkenandroughpulse.
●Bloodcollapsespattern
acriticalpatternoccurringincasesofacutemassivebleeding,markedbypallor,dizziness,palpitations,faintandshortbreathing,coldextremitiesandevenmentalconfusion,paletongue,hardlyperceptiblepulse.
●Bloodstasispattern
Apatternmarkedbyformationofvisiblepainfulandtendermass,orabdominalmasswithstabbingpainandtenderness,orbleedingofbloodwithclots,irregularpulse.
●Bloodheatpattern
Apatternthatoccurswhenexuberantpathogenicheatentersthebloodaspectandismanifestedbyfever,nose-bleeds,vomitingofblood,expectorationofblood,bloodystool,skineruptions,oradvancedperiodswithprofusebright-redmenstrualdischarge,vexation,orevendeliriumandconvulsions,deepcrimsontongueandrapidstring-likepulse.
●咳嗽cough
●干咳drycough
●干呕dryretching
●呕吐vomiting
●吐酸acidvomiting
●呃逆hiccup
●嗳气belching
●恶心nausea
●久病enduringdisease（illness）
●体质虚弱weakconstitution
●营养不良malnutrition
●劳倦overexertionandfatigue
●食欲不振poorappetite
●消化不良indigestion
●胸闷oppressioninthechest
●脱肛prolapseoftherectum
●大量失血heavybloodloss
●血液生成bloodformation
●面色complexion
●面色萎黄sallowfacialcomplexion
●面黄yellowcomplexion
●面色苍白palecomplexion
●面色淡白palewhitecomplexion（注意）
●面色晦暗dull，darkcomplexion
●头晕dizziness
●心悸palpitation
●惊悸frightpalpitations
●心慌flusteredness
●健忘forgetfulness（amnesia）
●无泽lusterless
●失眠insomnia
●心烦vexation
●烦热heatvexation
●手足烦热vexingheatintheextremities
●手足心热heatinthepalmsandsoles
●五心烦热vexingheatinthechest,palmsandsoles
●身重heavybody
●身痒generalizeditching
●身痛generalizedpain
●麻木（不仁）numbness
●钝痛dullpain
●耳痛earpain
●目痛eyepain
●胸痛chestpain
●胃痛stomachpain
●腹痛abdominalpain
●足跟痛heelpain
●胀痛distendingpain
●刺痛stabbingpain
●冷痛coldpain
●灼痛scorchingpain
●固定痛fixedpain
●剧痛severepain
●痛无定处painofunfixedlocation
●耳鸣tinnitus
●口渴thirst
●口干drymouth
●口淡blandtasteinthemouth
●口苦bittertasteinthemouth
●口甜sweettasteinthemouth
●口酸sourtasteinthemouth
●口涩astringenttasteinthemouth
●口咸saltytasteinthemouth
●口麻numbnessinthemouth
●口粘腻stickyslimysensationinthemouth
●宿食retainedfood
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