offshore pipelay termsWord文档格式.docx

offshore pipelay termsWord文档格式.docx

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Anodepad

SeeDoublerplate.Asphalt

SeeBitumen.

Asphaltene

Non-volatile,highmolecularweightfractionofpetroleumthatisinsolubleinlightalkanessuchasn-pentaneandn-heptane.

AtterbergLimits

Limitingwatercontentsbetweenwhichsoilbehaviourischaracterisedasaplasticsolid（asopposedtoasemisolidoraviscousliquid）.

Austenite

SeeSteelmicrostructure.

Backfilling

Coveringoftrenchedpipeline,whichmaybenatural（bysedimentation）orartificial（byrockdumpingorbymechanicallyreturningtheseabedmaterialremovedduringtrenching）.

Bainite

Ballvalve

Valvewherethevalvebodyisbuiltaroundaballprovidedwiththroughhole,thesizeofthepipebore.Thevalveisclosedbyrotationoftheballmanuallyorbymeansofahydraulicactuator,whichmaybediver,ROVorremotelyoperated.

Barriercoating

Blockageagainstoxygenandothergases,aswellaswateranddissolvedsalts.

Bend

Curvedpieceofpipe,foroffshoreuseeitherhotformedfrominductionbentlinepipejoints（motherpipe）orforgeditems.Bendswithsmallbendingradius（1.5×

IDorless）arealsoreferredtoaselbows,andwillnormallybeforged.Tofacilitatetheweldingintothepipeline,bendsarenormallyprovidewithshort,straightsections（tangentlengths）.

Bellmouth

Partofaguidetube,formedintheshapeofabellmouth,tocontrolthebendingcurvatureoftheflexiblepipeindynamicorstaticapplications.

Bendingrestrictor

Amechanicaldevicethatfunctionsasamechanicalstoptolimitthebendingcurvatureofaflexiblepipeinstaticapplications.

Bendingstiffener

Acone-shapedancillarycomponentthatsupportstheflexiblepipeandthuspreventsover-bendingofthepipeindynamicorstaticapplications.

Benthic

Generictermforplantandanimallifelivingattheseabed.

Bitumen

Coatingmaterialderivedfromdistillationofhydrocarbonsorextractedfromnaturaldeposits（asphalt）.

Bleeding

SeeVenting.

Bondedflexiblepipe

Aflexiblepipewherethesteelreinforcementisintegratedandbondedtoavulcanised,elastomericmaterial.

Bottomtow

Installationmethodwherebypipestringsarepulledinpositionontheseabed（seeTowing）.

Buckle

Deformationofpipelineasaresultoflocalactionsorstabilityfailureofthepipesectionduetoexternalpressure,possiblyincombinationwithbending.Thebucklingmayleadtowaterenteringthepipeline（wetbuckle）ornot（drybuckle）.

Bucklearrestor

Sectionofthick-walledlinepipeintroducedatregularintervalstopreventpropa-gationbucklingofapipeline

Caisson

Sleevepipehousingoneorseveralpipelines,cables,etc.

Cathode

Electrodeintowhichelectriccurrentflowsfromanelectrolyte（water,soil）.Onthesurfaceareductionprocesstakesplace,e.g.watertohydrogenandhydroxylions.

Cathodicdisbonding

Lossofbondbetweenbarriercoatingandsteelsubstrateduetotheformationofhydroxylionsinconnectionwithcathodicprotection.

Cathodicprotection

Electrochemicalmethodofcorrosionprotectionofmetalstructures,achievedbyforcinganelectriccurrentfromananodethroughthesurroundingelectrolyteintothemetal,whichbecomesacathode.

Chainage

Distancemeasuredalongthepipelinebyaccumulatingthelengthsoftheinstalledpipejoints.Owingtolocaldeviationsandseabedirregularitiesthiswillbesome-whathigherthanthekilometrepost（KP）reckoningalongthetheoreticalpipelineroute.ThusifKPnumbersareusedtodesignatechainageitshouldbehighlighted.

CharpyVtest

Testmethodtodetermineimpactfracturepropertiesofsteels.

Checkvalve

Non-returnvalve,preventingcounterflow.Swingcheckvalves（alsoknownasflapperorclappervalves）arebuiltaroundaflapperdisc,attachedatthevalvehousetop,whichcanberotatedtoclosethevalve.Duringoperationthediscissuspendedbythefluidflow,andifthereisachangeinflowdirectiontheflapperwillswingclosed,providingasealthatwillpreventfluidloss.

Chromateconversioncoating

Chemicaltreatmentofsteelsubstratebywettingthesurfacewithdilutedchrom-ateacidincombinationwithotherchemicals.

Cladding

SeeSheeting.

Clappervalve

SeeCheckvalve.Crackarrestor

Devicetobeincorporatedinapipelinetopreventlongrunningcrack.

Coaltar

Coatingmaterialmanufacturedbydistillation（pyrolysis）ofrockcoal.

Coatingyard

Onshorefacilityfortheapplicationofpipecoatingsandsacrificialanodestopipejoints.

Cobbles

SeeRockdumping.

Coldspringing

Introductionofresidualmomentinaconnectionbyelasticdeformationsduringtie-in.

Collapse

Deformationofapipelineduetoadistributedload,particularlyexternalpressure.

Components

Pressuresustainingpartsofapipelinesystemwhicharenotlinepipe（e.g.fittings,valves,isolationcouplings,piglaunchers/receivers）.

Concretecoating

Pipecoatingofreinforcedconcrete,appliedtoincreasethepipelineweightand/orprotectthesteelpipeanditsanti-corrosioncoatingagainstmechanicaldamage.

Condensate

Liquidhydrocarbon,separatedfromnaturalgasbyreductionofpressureandtemperature.AlsoreferredtoasNGL.

Contractor

Executingpartyinacontractualrelationship,includingsub-contractororsupplier.

Counteract

Lateralsupportontheseabed,guidingthepipelineduringpipelayinginhori-zontalcurves,alsocalledaturnpoint.

Corrosionallowance

Increaseofthewallthicknesscorrespondingtotheexpectedcorrosionloss,withtheobjectiveofensuringtherequiredwallthicknessduringtheservicelife.

Crossing

Intersectionofpipelinewithapreviouslyinstalled（operationalorabandoned）pipelineorcable.

Crushing

Radialcompression,whichmaycauseasuddencollapseorsignificantovalisationofthepipecross-section.

Cutting

Trenchingofpipelinebymeansofamechanicaldiggingmachineridingonthepipe,towedorself-propelled.

Davitlift

Above-watertie-inoperation,involvingliftingofthetwopipestringendsbybarge-mountedcranes（davits）.

Deadmananchor

Highholdinganchorwithcorrespondingchain,placedontheseabedtoprovidetensionforpipelayinitiation.

Dent

Localdeformationofthelinepipewall,resultinginareductionofthepipebore.

Designpressure

Maximuminternalpressureoccurringinthepipelineduringnormaloperation,referredtoaspecificreferenceheight.

Directionaldrilling

Installationmethodwherebythepre-fabricatedpipestringispulledthroughaholedrilledthroughthesoil.

Dogleg

SeeExpansionoffset.

Doublejointing

Weldingtogetheroftwopipejointsbeforetheyareincorporatedintothepipestring.

Doublerplate

Steelplateweldedontothepipejointunderfactoryconditions,toprovidealocationforstructuralattachment,inparticularanodepadsforsacrificialanodecableconnection,bystickwelding,pinbrazingorthermitewelding.

Dropweightteartest

Testmethodtodeterminefracturepropertiesofheavysectionsofsteel.

Drybuckle

SeeBuckle.

Duplexsteel

Steelwithmixedmicrostructure.Stainlessduplexsteelisachromiumalloyedmixtureofausteniteandferrite.Normalgradeis22Cr,thehighergrade25Crwithhigherstrengthandsuperiorcorrosionresistanceisalsoreferredtoassuperduplex.

Dyestick

Soliddyeunitsdesignedtodissolveafterflooding,andserveincaseleakdetec-tionisrequired.Dyesticksareeasytoplaceincriticalunitssuchastie-inorvalvespools.Thedyecanbecolouredorclearbutfluorescent.

Eddiecurrenttesting

Non-destructivetestmethodbasedonelectromagneticprinciples.

Elbow

SeeBend.Elbolet

SeeOlet.

Enamel

Hotappliedpipecoatingconsistingofbitumenorcoaltar,reinforcedwithlayersoffibreglasswrap.

Epoxypaint

Two-componentpaintconsistingofepoxyresinandsolvent.

Expansionbuckling

Lateraldeformation,possiblyoflargedisplacement,ofapipeline,causedbypreventedlongitudinalexpansiontorelievecompressiveforcesduetoincreasesinpressureand/ortemperature.

Expansionoffset

Pipespool（intheshapeofanL,ZorU）thatisinsertedbetweenapipelineandafixedstructure（e.g.aplatformriserorawellhead）toabsorblongitudinaldeformationsduetochangesintemperatureorpressureofthepipelinemedium.Alsoreferredtoasanexpansionloopordogleg.

Exportpipeline

Pipelinetransportingatreatedproduct（gas,condensate,oil）fromanoffshorefacility.Itmaybeaninterfieldpipelineoratransmissionpipeline.

Fallpipe

Verticalsteelpipesuspendedfromasurfacevessel,