大英精读61 Exercise.docx

大英精读61 Exercise.docx

《大英精读61 Exercise.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《大英精读61 Exercise.docx（25页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

大英精读61Exercise

Preview

Beforereadingtheessay,thetitleseemstosuggestthattheauthortrytofindthewaytogetthepooroffourconscience,orjustusesanironicaltone.Thisproblemwhichhashuntedhuman-beingsforthousandsofyearsisasoldastheearliesthistorybooks,andissuchaheavytopicandquestionthatthrustuponusforsolong.Actually,aslongasthehumannaturemaintains,thegapbetweenthepoorandtherichisalwaysthere,hardtobridgeordiminish.

Theauthoremploysanironicaltoneandcriticizesthepeoplewhosemanneriscoldandindifferenttowardsthepoor.Hebeginswithpointingdirectlyoutthatthethemeorproblem,andthenindicatesthatthesearchhasbeen“anintellectualpreoccupationforcenturies”andcontinuestobeso”inourowntime”.Inthenextpart,theauthorbringsupfivehistoricalsolutionsforhowtogetthepooroffourconscience.AftertheRooseveltrevolutionalotofsubstantialmeasureshavebeentaken,howevertheauthorthinksthatisjustanotherwaytoavoidthinkingaboutthepoor.Inthelastdecades,thesearchforawayofgettingthepoorofftherich’sconscienceisnotatanend.Theauthorexemplifiesfivecurrentdesignstodemonstratethistrendthatthemoderndesignsexceptthepsychologicaldenialareallthevariationsofthehistoricalsolutions.Inthelastpartofthearticle,theauthorpointsoutthatcompassionisthefinalanswerforthisproblem.

Thisisjustasummaryofthecontentoftheessay,actually,Icannotfullyunderstandtheinnermeaningbeforetheclass.Theauthorgivesusfivehistoricalsolutionsandfivecurrentdesignstoshowthatwe’venotsolvedtheproblemyet,butIstillquitepuzzledaboutthisissue.What’sthedifferencebetweenthecompassionandsympathy?

Review

Afterclass,IfoundthatImissed theauthor’skeypoint:

responsibilityforone’sfellowbeings.Theauthorwantsustoerasetheconceptofthepoor,andaccepttheconceptoffellowbeings.Thereasonwhyhumanbeingscannotgetthepooroffourconscienceisthatwebuiltatotallywrongconceptthathumanbeingsaredividedintotherichandthepoor.Withthisprerequisite,peopleseemtostruggletofindthewaytogetthepooroffconsciencebysomanytheoriesandpolicies,butactuallyjusttoescaperesponsibilityforone’sfellowbeings.Compassionthattheauthormentionedmeanscorporatemoods,andsympathymeanscorporateexperiences.Ifsomeoneisnotoneofthepoor,hewon’tunderstandthemforever.Buteveryoneisoneoffellowbeings,sowedohaveresponsibilitytohelpthosewhoareonepartofustogetabetterlife.

Luckilyforme,myparentssendmemoneyeverymonthandIcansparealargeproportionofittobuyclothes,foodsandbooks.Actually,Irarelybothertothinkaboutthose"leastfortunate"peoplesurroundingme,exceptwhentheirgreatsufferingscometomeoneday.NotthatIamcold-bloodedorsoulless,butthethoughtofitreallydrivesmehumiliating.Maybemostofusareaffectedbythelastdesign-----psychologicaldenialtothepoor,soevenifwearenotrichenough,we’vebeentoldtodosomethingtohelpthosehelplesspeople,thebeggars,thedisabled,theoldetc.Weactuallydon'treallycareaboutthosetodayortomorrowofthem,wejustintendtogetsomecomfortsfromourbehaviors,andthisisalsorelevanttoself-respect.

Irecognizeapieceofnews,GatesandBuffett’scallthisweekaskingtheworld'sbillionairestogiveawayhalftheirfortuneshasbeenhighlypraised,butalsometbyatouchofskepticismbysomewhowonderifthemotivationisoneoftruecharity.

Perhapswecouldn’thavethatmuchmoneylikethetwomen,butwecansharethevaluetheycherishedaboutwealthandcharity.Theauthorwrotethisessayin1985,25yearsago,theworldhaschangedalot,GatesandBuffettaccepttheauthor’sanswer--compassion,BillandMelindaGatesnotonlydonatetheirmoney,buttrytheirbesttomanagethefoundationoftheirown,tomakesureeverycentdollarwillreallyhelpthosewhoneedit.Ithinktheyaretheheroesofthiserainthisplanet.

PartIVocabulary

Directions:

Completethefollowingsentenceswiththebestwords.

1.perilous,risky,hazardous,treacherous

1）Employeeswhowereexposedto_____substancesarenowclaimingcompensation.

2）_____investmentscanofferhighyields,butalsothepossibilityofgreaterlosses.

3）Thelandherodewasmarshy,forcinghimtoweaveanintricatecoursepastthemore_____patches.

4）RefugeescrosstheruggedSanYsidroMountains,anditisalwaysa_____trip.

2.ailment,complaint,infection,bug

1）Ifyoudon'tcleanthewoundproperlyyoucouldgetan_____.

2）Patientswhooftencomplainofminor_____mighthavesomethingmoreimportantontheirminds.

3）IthinkI'vepickedupthe_____that'sbeengoingroundtheoffice.

4）Heishavingtreatmentforachest_____.

3.inflict,force,impose,foist

1）Theassociationisnowtryingto_____ahighbillfor£7,000ontothecouple.

2）Wasitreallyfairtoherfriendsto_____hernephewonthem?

3）Elainekept_____drinksonhimallevening,andhewonderedifshewastryingtoseducehim.

4）Section47_____apositivedutyoninvestigatingauthoritiestoseethechildandtotakelegalactionifaccessisdenied.

Directions:

Fillintheblankswithwordsfromthetextthataremostsimilarinmeaningtothewordsinbrackets.

1）Confidencewasincreasingthatmen,throughforesightandeffectiveaction,could______theirexistenceandevenprolongtheirlives.（improve）

2）Steadyrateswould_____theriskthatever-morehomeownerswillrefinancethemortgagesunderlyingthebonds.（reduce）

3）Whilethelocalsarereassuredbyinternationalaidandthepresenceofspecialists,theyalsolooktoothersourcesof______.（help）

4）Judgmentsfrequentlyconsistoflongparagraphsandconvolutedsentences______subordinateclauses.（fullof）

5）Otherpeoplecanalsohelpbynotingthemoresubtleeffects,bothbeneficialand______,oftreatment.（unfavorable）

6）Theseclientsdrawonthebank'ssuppliestostocksoupkitchens,seniorlunchroomsandmealprogramsfor______kids.（poor）

7）IaskedMrHughesifhewassatisfiedwiththejury'sverdictbuthe______tocomment.（refused）

8）I_______tokeepquietaboutwhatIhadheard,sinceitwouldonlycausetrouble.（determined）

9）Whatareyoudoingnowtoshow______towardthevictimsoftorture?

（sympathy）

10）Thickwithtreesandsparsewithhomes,this______area50milesnorthofHoustoncouldbeasliceofheaven.（calm）

Directions:

Completethefollowingsentenceswiththewordsorphrasesgivenbelowandchangetheirformsifnecessary.

aberrations

augment

extruded

feckless

idledaway

imbalance

overriding

preoccupation

reflecton

repairedto

resortto

takeon

1）Themanagement's_____withcostsandprofitsresultedinadropinqualityandcustomerservice.

2）Thecreamcontainsingredientsthat______theskin'snaturalhealingprocesses.

3）Afterdinner,we______theloungeforcoffee.

4）Duringtheseyears,the______concernofthegovernmentinofficewasparliamentarysurvivalandelectoralprospects.

5）ThispsychoanalysisoftheEnlightenmentobviouslyconcentratedonlyonitsdarkerside,itserrors,______andabsurdities.

6）Marketforcesremainfreebecauseofpublicimageryaboutthe______,theidleandthedeviant.

7）Themen______theirtimeonstreetcornersoroutsidethepub,cadgingadrinkorasmoke.

8）Merrillfeltthatstudents______thesetacticswhentheyseenootherwaytoaddresstheproblem.

9）An______betweentherichandpooristheoldestandmostfatalailmentofrepublics.

10）Shesat______howmuchhadchangedsinceshe'dboughtthefarm.

11）Muchlater,theproblemanditssolutionbeganto______theirmodernform.

12）Theweakandunfortunatebeing______,thequalityofthehumanfamilyisthusstrengthened.

PartIIParaphrase

Directions:

Explainthefollowinginyourownwords.

1）Theirgrievouslyuncontrolledlustcausedthemtobreeduptothefulllimitsoftheavailablesubsistence.（Para.5）

2）Theallegationofgovernmentincompetenceisassociatedinourtimewiththegeneralcondemnationofthebureaucrat.（Para.13）

3）Theytransferincomefromthediligenttotheidleandfeckless,thusreducingtheeffortofthediligentandencouragingtheidlenessoftheidle.（Para.16）

4）Itcausesagreatmanypeopletoavoidthoughtofthearmsraceandtheconsequentrushtowardahighlyprobableextinction.（Para.19）

5）…whotellstomuchapplausethatthepoormusthavethecruelspuroftheirownsufferingtoensureeffort.

PartIIICloze

Directions:

Fillineachblankwithaproperwordintherightformfromthefollowinglist.Makesurethatnowordisusedmorethanonce.

affairs

assertive

bias

cripples

discover

discriminations

inadequacies

levels

midway

particular

range

subjects

that

therefore

trivial

unfeminine

Women’slanguageisthatpleasant,euphemistic,never-aggressivewayoftalkingwelearnedaslittlegirls.Cultural_____wasbuiltintothelanguagewewereallowedtospeak,the_____wewereallowedtospeakabout,andthewayswewerespokenof.Havinglearnedourlinguisticlessonwell,wegooutintheworld,onlyto_____thatwearecommunicative_____—damnedifwedo,anddamnedifwedon’t.

Ifwerefusetotalklikealady,weareridiculedandcriticizedforbeing_____.Ifwedolearnallthefuzzy-headed,unassertivelanguageofoursex,weareridiculedforbeingunabletothinkclearly,unabletotakepartinaseriousdiscussion,and_____unfittoholdapositionofpower.

Itdoesn’ttakemuchofthisforawomantobeginfeelingshedeservessuchtreatmentbecauseof_