网考语法用Word格式.docx
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Hardly+过去完成时+when/before+过去时
Noonsoonerhadwegothomethanitbegantorain.
Scarcelyhadwegothomewhen/beforeitbegantorain.
Hardlyhadwegothomewhen/beforeitbegantorain.
2先发生动作haddone后发生动作did
4.过去进行时was/weredoing延续
二、被动语态
1wear,sell主动表被动
2被动语态的形式多样情态动词+be+过去分词
一般时态进行时态完成时态
现在am
isdone
are
am
isbeingdone
has
beendone
have
过去wasdone
were
wasbeingdone
hadbeendone
将来shall
bedone
willshall
havebeingdone
will
过去将来should
wouldshould
would
Coalcanbeusedtoproduceelectricityforagricultureandindustry.
3在need,require,want,worth（形容词）,deserve后的动名词必须用主动形式。
Thedoorneedsrepairing.=Thedoorneedstoberepaired.
三、Ving
一般情况下动词to动词
何时用ing
1做主语
2介词后beinterestedin
3Itis+adj+doing
4某些动词、词组的后面要接动名词
admit，avoid，advise，allow，anticipate，appreciate，complete,consider，delay，deny，dislike，dread（害怕），encourage，endure，enjoy，escape，excuse，fancy，finish，forbid，forgive，imagine，involve，keep,mind，miss，permit，postpone，practice，prevent，propose，recall，recollect，resent，resist，risk，suggest,stop，bebusy,can’thelp，can’stand，feellike，giveup，putoff
注意:
allow,advise,forbid,permit,recommend在有人作宾语时，则后接不定式作宾语补足语。
allowsb.todosomething.
Irecommendedgoingbysubway.我建议坐地铁去。
Thedoctorrecommendedmetotakeafewdays’rest.医生劝我休息几天。
5某些固定表达方式后面要接动名词
Itisnouse（nogood，nopoint，nosense，awasteoftime等名词）+doingsth.
Itisgood（nice，interesting，useless等形容词）+doingsth.；
Thereisnopoint（use，sense，good等名词）+doingsth.
It’snousecryingoverspiltmilk.后悔没有用。
It’ssimplyawasteoftimeandmoneyseeingthatmovie.
Thereisnopointinaskinghimforhelp.
Ifinditnogoodadvisinghimtogowithus.我发现建议他和我们一起去没什么好处。
在“havedifficulty（trouble，problem，pleasure，adifficulttime）（in）doingsth.”结构中，后接动名词；
但注意takethetroubletodosth.，havenotimetodosth.后接不定式。
Theteachershavehadsomeproblemsdecidingwhentheyshouldreturnthefinalpaperstothestudents.
IworkedsolateintheofficelastnightthatIhardlyhadtimetocatchthelastbus.
7、动名词、不定式均可且意思差别不大
begin，continue，commence，discontinue，attempt，intend，plan，decline，dislike，fear，hate，like，love，neglect，omit，can‘tbear（stand，endure），prefer
在下列情况下，宜用不定式，而不用动名词：
1）like,love,prefer,hate等与would或should连用时；
2）begin,start,continue等本身用的是进行体时；
3）begin,start,cease,continue等的主语为物而非人时；
4）后接know,understand,realize等心理活动的动词表示一个逐渐演变的过程时。
Thetrainisstartingtoleave
8动名词、不定式均可但意义不同
rememberdoingsth.记得已经做过某事已做
remembertodosth.记得将要去做某事未做
Irememberseeinghimsomewherebefore.（已经见过）
Pleaseremembertotakethemedicine.（还没吃）
forgetdoingsth.忘记了已经做过了的事情已做
forgettodosth.忘了做该做的事情未做
Iforgettellingheraboutit（忘了曾经告诉过她）
SorryIforgottomailtheletter.（没有发信）
trydoingsth.尝试，试着做某事
trytodosth.努力，试图去做某事
Let’strydoingtheworkinsomeotherway
Let’strytofinishthejobintime
stopdoing停止正在做的事
stoptodosth.停止手中正在做的事去做另一件事
Stoptalking,please.
CanIstoptohavearest?
goondoing正在进行的动作中断后又继续下去
goontodo干完某件事后继续做另一件事
Afterarestwewentonworking
Afterexplainingthetexttheteacherwentontochecktheexercise
meandoing意味着
meantodo打算
Missingthebusmeanshavingtowaitforanhour
Ididn’tmeantohurtyou
regretdoing后悔做过某事
regrettodo对将要做事成说的话表示遗憾－besorrytodo
IregrettellingyouthatJohnstolemywatch
Iregrettotellyouthathedidn’tpasstheexam.
beinterestedtodo想
beinterestedindoing对……感兴趣
Weareinterestedtoknowthelatestnews.
9godoing多指娱乐方面
10在demand,deserve,need,require,want,worth等词后面接动名词形式表示被动的意思，即用主动形式表示被动意义。
如果接不定式，必须用不定式的被动形式。
Mysockswantmending/tobemended.
Thisgrammaticalruledeservesmentioning.
Thatnoveliswellworthreading.
11某些短语中to为介词，后面只能接动名词或名词。
常见的有:
asto,addto,becommittedto,beaccustomedto,beattachedto（喜欢,对…有感情）,be/comecloseto（be/comenearto）,becommittedto（同意,答应）,bedevotedto,beopposedto,bereducedto,beupto（胜任,适合于）,be/getusedto,confessto（havingdone）,fallto（开始）,getdownto（开始认真考虑）,inadditionto,indifferenceto,leadto,liveupto,lookforwardto,objectto,owingto,payattentionto,preferdoingtodoing,putone’smindto,resortto,resign…to,seeto,settledownto,stickto,taketo（开始,从事于）,submitto（顺从）,thanksto,turnto,withaneyeto, with/inregardto, withaviewto,with/inreferenceto
另外还有admitto,aidto,amountto,applyto,attribute…to,befaithfulto,befamiliarto,besensitiveto,besuperiorto,dedicate…to,inrelationto,keepto,limitto,owe…to,pointto,standupto,succeedto,
Nowomancouldsucceedtothethrone.妇女不能继承王位。
Iamlookingforwardtoseeingyouagain.我盼着再见到你。
不定式的形式
语态
时态主动语态被动语态
一般式todotobedone
进行式tobedoing
完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone
完成进行式tohavebeendonex
to的省略P4
1oughtto以外的情态动词
2.半助动词 hadbetter,wouldrather,wouldrather…than…，ratherthan,
wouldsooner…than…
Ratherthanwaitanyone,Idecidedtogohomebytaxi.
Weprefertodieratherthansurrender
Wewouldratherdiethansurrender
3.感官动词及使役动词
感官动词 see,watch,notice,listento,hear,feel,perceive,observe,lookat
使役动词make,have,let,bid
注：
feel后的宾补若是tobe则to不省略
Ifeeltheanswertoberight
当makehave不是使役动词要加to
Ihavesomeclothestowash.
Ihavehadthecarrepaired.
注意改被动要加to
4.Why引导的疑问句
Whyworryaboutit?
Whynotdoitrightnow?
5.cannotbutcannotchoosebutcannothelpbutmaywelldo，mayaswelldo（还是…好了）等句型
Shecannothelpbutcry.
Wemightaswellputupherefortonight.
注:
Shecan’thelpcrying
6.butexceptbesidesthan之前有do一词时
Whatdoyouliketodobesidesswim?
Wecandonothingelsethanwait.
注Ihavenochoicebuttoacceptthefact
四、虚拟语气P174
非真实条件句
指假设的情况或主观的愿望几乎不可能实现
if从句主句
现在过去时（be→were）should/would/could/might+v原
将来过去时（be→were）
weretoshould同上
过去haddoneshould/would/could/mighthavedone
IfIwereyou,Iwouldgo
IfIknewhernumber,Iwouldtelephoneher.
Ifhelefttomorrow,
Ifheweretoleavetomorrow,wewouldseehimoff
Ifhewouldleavetomorrow,
Ifyouhadcomelastnight,youwouldhaveseenhim.
在错综条件句子中，虚拟条件从句和主句动作发生的时间不一致Ifhehadtakenthemedicine,hewouldfeelbettornow.
IfIwereyou，Iwouldn'
thavemissedthefilmlastnight．
if可以省略，此时were,had,should等助动词提到句首
Ifhewerehere,hewouldhelpus.
→Werehehere,hewouldhelpus.
Ifyouhadn’tbeenlate,wewouldhavearrived.
→Hadyounotbeenlate,wewouldhavearrived.
非真实愿望
Iwish,Ifonly,I’drather（I’dsooner,I’dassoon,I’dprefer）+从句的虚拟式
A表示现在的非事实愿望，后用过去时
Ifonly
IwishIhadalotofmoney.
I’drater
B表示将来的非事实愿望
IfonlyIwould/could/mightfinishittomorrow
Iwish
I’drateryoucamenextweekend.
C表示过去的非事实愿望，后+过去完成时
Iwishyouhadn’tdonethat
hope后为直陈语气Ihopeyoucometomorrow.
动词arrarge,comand,demand,descie,insist,order,propose,request,require,suggest后加宾语从句中用（should）do
它们的名词引导的表语从句、同位语从句也要虚拟
insist的意思是坚持认为时不虚拟
意思是坚持应该时要虚拟
Weinsistedthathewasanhonestman.
Weinsistedthatshe（should）goimmediately
suggest表示暗示时不虚拟，表示建议时要虚拟
HesuggestedthatTomstolethemoney.
Hesuggestedthatwe（should）havearest.
主语从句P137
Itisadj.或n
Itisnecessarythatweshouldcleantheroom
Itwasapitythatyoushouldbesocareless.
定语从句
在Itis（about/high）time引导的定语从句中，也可以根据需要使用虚拟语气，用以表示"
（此刻）该做......而没有做"
的意思，其谓语动词用过去时
ItistimeIleft．
butfor,without，otherwise,or,supposing,suppose引导的虚拟语气
Withoutair，therewouldbenolivingthings
Butforyourhelp，wecouldnothavefinishedthework
Hedidn’tfollowtheinstruction,otherwisethe
Machinewouldnothavebrokendown
lest,forfearthat,incase引导的虚拟语气+（should）do
Heisstudyinghardforfearthatheshouldfailtheexam
asif,asthoughin用法与Iwish相同但asifasthough后也常用陈述语气。
ifitwerenotfor–wereitnotfor
表示同现在实相反的假设“要是没有”
Ifithadnotbeenfor如果当时没有
→haditnotbeenfor
Haditnotbeenfortherain,wewouldhavearrivedearlier.
虚拟语气用在简单句中，表示祝愿，命令。
Mayyoubehappy.
Mayyouhaveagoodtime.
反意疑问句子
反意疑问句……是吗?
1.前肯后否前否后肯
2.否定要缩写
3.最后须是人称代词或there
注意Let’sShallwe…?
Letus…willyou?
Hecan’tbeangry,ishe?
五、定语从句
人物
主格who,thatwhich,that
宾格Who,whom,thatWhich,that
属格whoseWhose,ofwhich
ThebookwhichIboughtyesterdayisinteresting.
Iknowthegirlwhoyoutalkedabout.
逗号后不用that
that不放介词后
宾格可以省略
不用that的情况
A在引导非限定性定语从句时。
Thetree,thatisfourhundredyearsold,isveryfamoushere.（错）
B介词后不能用。
Wedependonthelandfromwhichwegetourfood.
Wedependonthelandthat/whichwegetourfoodfrom.
只能用that作为定语
升级会员 