高级英语参考资料文档格式.docx

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高级英语参考资料文档格式.docx

thread(v.):

passthroughbytwisting,turning,orweavinginandout穿过,通过

pomegranate(n.):

aroundfruitwithared,leatheryrindandmanyseedscoveredwithred,juicy,edibleflesh;

thebushorsmalltreethatbearsit石榴;

石榴树

chant(n.):

asimpleliturgicalsonginwhichastringofsyllablesorwordsissungtoeachtune(礼拜仪式唱的)单调的歌

bier(n.):

aplatformorportableframeworkonwhichacoffinorcorpseisplaced棺材架;

尸体架

hack(v.):

breakup(1and)withahoe,mattock,etc.(用锄等)翻地,挖(土)

oblong(adj.):

longerthanbroad;

elongated长方形的

lumpy(adj.):

fulloflumps;

coveredwithlumps多块状物的;

凹凸不平的

hummocky(a.):

fulloforlookinglikelow,roundedhills布满小丘的;

似小圆丘的

derelict(adj.):

desertedbytheowner;

abandoned;

forsaken无主的;

被遗弃的

lot(n.):

aplotofground一块地

undifferentiated(adj.):

withoutclearqualitiesordistinctivecharacteristics无区别的;

无显著特点的

mound(n.):

aheaporbankofearth,sand,etc.builtoveragrave,inafortification,etc.土堆;

堤;

坟堆

prickly(adj.):

fullofprickles多刺的

pricklypear:

anyofagenusofcactusplantshavingcylindricalorlarge,flat,ovalstemjointsandediblefruits仙人掌(属)

bumpy(adj.):

fullofbumps;

rough;

jolting崎岖不平的;

颠簸的;

震摇的

gazelle(n.):

anyofvarioussmall,swift,gracefulantelopes瞪羚

hindquarter(n.):

eitherofthetwohindlegsandtheadjoiningloinofacarcassofveal,beef,lamb,etc.;

[p1.]thehindpartofafour—leggedanimal(牛、羊、猪等的)后腿肉;

[复](四肢动物的)后躯

nibble(v.):

takesmall,cautious,orgentlebites小口地咬;

谨慎地咬(啃)

butt(v.):

strikeorpushwiththeheadorhorns:

ramwiththehead(用头或角)撞击;

顶撞

mid—air(n.):

anypointinspace,notincontactwiththegroundorothersurface空中;

上空

navvy(n.):

nunskilledlaborer,asoncanals,roads,etc.劳工;

无特殊技术的工人

sidle(v.):

movesideways,esp.inashyorstealthymanner(羞怯或偷偷地)侧身行走

stow(v.):

packorstoreaway;

fillbypackinginanorderlyway装载;

装进;

收藏municipalityn.acity,town.etc.havingitsownincorporatedgovernmentforlocalaffairs自治市(或镇)

ghetto(n.):

(incertainEuropeancities)asectiontowhichJewswereformerlyrestricted(某些欧洲城市中从前的)犹太人居住区

sore(adj.):

givingorfeelingphysicalpain;

painful疼痛的;

感到疼痛的

skull—cap(n.):

alight,closefitting,brimlesscap,usuallywornindoors(室内戴的)无沿便帽

infest(v.):

overrunorinhabitinlargenumbers,usuallysoastobeharmfulorbothersome;

swarminorover(虫害等)侵扰;

骚扰;

蔓延

booth(n.):

astallforthesaleofgoods,asatmarketsorfairs(市场或集市上的)货摊;

摊店,摊棚

prehistoric(adj.):

pertainingtoancienttimes,veryold-fashioned老式的;

古旧的

warp(v.):

becomebentortwistedoutofshape变弯曲;

变歪

frenzied(adj.):

fullofuncontrolledexcitement疯狂的,狂乱的

clamour(v.):

makealoudconfusednoiseorshout;

cryout喧嚷,喧嚣,吵闹

grope(v.):

feelorsearchaboutblindly,hesitantly,oruncertainly摸索;

探索

self-contained(adj.):

havingwithinoneselforitselfallthatisnecessary;

self-sufficient,asacommunity自给自足的

witchcraft(n.):

thepowerorpracticesofwitches:

blackmagic;

sorcery巫术;

魔法

square(adj.[colloq.]):

satisfying;

solid;

substantial[口]令人满意的;

充实的

conspicuous(adj.):

attractingattentionbybeingunexpected,unusual,outstanding惹人注目的,显眼的

grove(n.):

orchard果园

legionnaire(n.):

amemberofalegion军团的成员

back—breaking(adj.):

requiringgreatphysicalexertion;

verytiring费劲的;

辛苦的,累人的

desolate(adj.):

uninhabited;

deserted荒无人烟的,荒凉的

lucerne(n.):

atypeofplantwhoseleavesgrowingroupsofthreeandwhichisusedforfeedingfarmanimals紫花苜蓿

fodder(n.):

gorsefoodforcattle,horses,sheep,etc.ascornstalks,hayandstraw(牛、马、羊的)粗饲料;

饲草

yoke(v.):

putayokeon;

jointogether;

link用轭连起;

连合;

连结

harrow(n.):

aheavyframewithspikesorsharp—edgeddisks,drawnbyahorse0rtractorandusedforbreakingupandlevelingplowedground,coveringseeds,rootingupweeds,etc.耙

furrow(n.):

anarrowgroovemadeinthegroundbyaplow沟,畦;

犁沟

trickle(n.):

theactoftrickling;

aslow,smallflow滴,淌;

细流;

subsoil(n.):

thelayerofsoilbeneaththesurfacesoil底土,下层土,

mummify(v.):

shrivelordryup干瘪;

枯干;

成木乃伊状

hobble(v.):

gounsteadily,haltingly,etc.蹒跚

leathery(adj.):

1ikeleatherinappearanceortexture.toughandflexible(外观或质地)似皮革的;

坚韧的,粗硬的

infuriate(v.):

causetobecomeveryangry;

enrage(使)发怒,激怒

damnably(adv.):

execrably该诅咒地;

极坏地

packsaddle(n.):

asaddlewithfasteningstosecureandbalancetheloadcarriedbyapackanimal驮鞍

bridle(n.):

aheadharnessforguidingahorse马勒

halter(n.):

arope,cord,strap,etc.,usuallywithaheadstall,fortyingorleadingananimal;

abitlessheadstall,withorwithoutaleadrope缰绳;

(马)笼头

gut(n.[usu.inp1.]):

thebowels;

entrails[常用复]内脏

plight(n.):

conditionorstateofaffairs;

esp,now,anawkward.sad,ordangeroussituation情况;

状态;

(现尤指)苦境;

困境或险境

gall(v.):

injureormakesorebyrubbing;

chafe擦伤,擦痛;

stork(n.):

anyofafamilyoflarge,long—legged,mostlyold—worldwadingbirds.havingalongneckandbill,andrelatedtotheherons鹳

reach-me—down(adj.[colloq.]):

second—handorready—made(衣服)用旧的;

别人用过的;

现成的

khaki(adj.):

madeofkhaki(cloth)卡其(布)制的

squash(v.):

forceone’sway;

squeeze挤进,挤入

slump(v.):

haveadroopingpostureorgait低头弯腰(而行);

消沉

inquisitive(adj.):

inclinedtoaskmanyquestionsorseekinformation;

eagertolearn好询问的;

好奇的

syphilis(n.):

aninfectiousvenerealdisease,causedbyaspirocheteandusuallytransmittedbysexualintercourseoracquiredcongenitally梅毒

garrison(n.):

troopsstationedinafortorfortifiedplace驻军;

卫戍部队

charger(n.):

ahorseriddeninbattleoronparade战马,军马

4.Expressions

squaremeal:

acompleteandsatisfyingmeal美餐丰盛的、令人满足

inacloud:

alargenumberofsmallthingsmovingthroughtheairasamass一团

例:

acloudoflocusts一群蝗虫

getat:

toapproachorreach到达,得到

Youhavetousealittleladdertogetatthejarsonthetopshelves.你得使用一把小梯才可以拿到架子上面的坛子。

nextdoorto:

almostthesameas几乎

Leavingamantodieisnextdoortomurder.让一个人等死无异于谋杀。

inthisconnection:

whilespeakingofsuchthings关于这一点,就此而论

itdoesn’tmattertwopence:

itdoesn’tmatterabit无关紧要

Itdoesn’tmattertwopenceifhedoesn’taccepttheinvitation.他接不接受邀请都不要紧。

5.Genreanalysis

Anexpositorypaperexplainsorexploressomething,suchastheprocessofmakingamachine,thecausesofanaturalorsocialphenomenon,theplanningofaproject,orthesolutionofaproblem.

Thewriterappealstoareader'

sunderstandingwithverifiable(thatcanbeverified)factsandvalidinformation,explainingandinterpretingmaterialssothatthereaderwillaccepthispointofvieworexplanation.

Thushemustorganizeanddevelophisthoughtobjectivelyandpresentitwithhonestyandcompletenesssothatthereaderwillhaveconfidenceinwhatheissaying.

Generallythewritermakesastatementofthecentralthoughtorofhispurposequiteearly.Thisstatementissometimescalledthe"

thesis"

andmayevenbethetitleofthepiece.

Sometimesthewritermayfirstpresentanddevelophisfactsandmakehisgeneralstatementasa

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