届一轮复习外研版必修四Module4GreatScientists单元学案20页word版Word格式.docx

届一轮复习外研版必修四Module4GreatScientists单元学案20页word版Word格式.docx

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13.breakthroughn.突破

14.supportvt.支持

15.asaresultof由于……的结果

16.productionn.产量

17.convertvt.改变；

转换

18.cashcropn.经济作物

19.exportvt.出口

20.hybridn.杂交种

21.agriculturaladj.农业的

22.replacevt.取代；

以……代替

23.quantityn.数量

24.qualityn.质量

25.beknownfor因……而出名/闻名

26.best－sellern.畅销书（或唱片等）

27.cosmologyn.宇宙生成学；

宇宙论

28.motorneuronediseasen.

运动神经元病

29.victimn.受害者

30.brilliantadj.聪颖的；

才华横溢的

31.careern.生涯；

经历

32.briefadj.简短的；

简洁的

33.partlyadv..部分地；

在一定程度上

34.physicaladj.身体的

35.graduatevi.毕业

36.personaladj.个人的

37.earnone’sliving谋生

etopower掌权

39.explosionn.爆炸；

爆炸声

40.explodevi.爆炸

41.escapevi.逃跑；

逃避

42.arrown.（弓）箭

43.straightadj.直的

44.clearvi.（烟雾）消散

二、知其意

1.biochemistryn.生物化学

2.biologyn.生物学

3.botanyn.植物学

4.geneticsn.遗传学

5.zoologyn.动物学

6.breedingn.培育

7.sterileadj.（指生物）不孕育的；

不结果实的

8.diagnosevt.诊断

9.relativityn.相对论

10.rocketn.火箭

11.millenniumn.千年

12.gunpowdern.火药

1.bringup培养；

养育

2.asaresultof由于……的结果

3.beknownfor因……而出名/闻名

4.earnone’sliving谋生

6.bringin引进；

带来

1.Hethoughtthatthekeytofeedingpeoplewastohavemorericeandtoproduceitmorequickly.

他想，养活世人的关键是更多更快地生产水稻。

2.Butnoteverybodywantedtouserocketsinbattles.

但不是每个人都想在战争中使用火箭。

3.Thetubeswereattachedtoalongstickwhichhelpedkeeptherocketmovinginastraightdirection.

箭管被绑在一根长棍上，这根长棍能使火箭沿直线移动。

4.Orwashecarriedmilesintospace，becomingtheworld’sfirstastronaut?

他是否会被运载数英里进入太空变成世界上第一位宇航员呢？

二单元综合知识运用检测

阅读理解

A

（2018·

河南实验中学模拟）

Attheendofeveryyear,Timepicksthebest25inventionsthatare“makingtheworldbetterandsmarter”.Herewehavepickedthreeofthisyear'

sinventionsthatcouldbeapartofyourlifeinthenearfuture.

Thelevitating（悬浮的）lightbulb

ThisspeciallightbulbwasinventedbyU．S.artistandscientistSimonMorris.Hegottheideaofmakingalightbulbfloatfromhoverboards（悬浮滑板）,whichheusedtodreamofhavingasakid.

Butthefloatingisnotthemostamazingpart.Therejectionforcebetweentheoppositeendsofthemagnets（磁铁）,whichwereputinthebottomofthebulbandinthewoodenbase,doesthejob.What'

snewhereisatechnologycalledinduction（电磁感应）.Itallowsthelightbulbtogetpowerfromthebaseeventheyarenotincontact.

Shoesthattiethemselves

They'

renotwhatyouthinkshoelacesthattiethemselvesinthewaywetiethem.Instead,thenewshoeshavesmallmotorsthatcontroltheirlaces.Whenyoustepinthem,yourfeetwillhitasensor（传感器）intheshoesandthemotorwillautomaticallytightenthelaces.

Buttheshoesweren'

tjustdesignedforlazypeople'

sneeds.Theycouldactuallygiveathletesanadvantageduringcompetition.Theyarealsousefulforpeoplewhocannotmovetheirarmsorfingerseasily.

Thenotouchthermometer（体温计）

Takingyourbodytemperatureusuallymeansputtingathermometerinyourarmpits（腋窝）andstayingstillforminutes.Itmaybeeasyoryou,butit'

sanimpossibletaskforlittlekids.

Now,withthenewthermometer,userscansimplyputit2.5centimetersfromapatient'

sforeheadandpressthebutton,anditcangetreadingintwoseconds.

【语篇解读】　每到年终岁尾，《时代周刊》都会评选出25项“让世界变得更加美好和智能的”最佳发明。

本文介绍了其中的三项发明。

1．Themostamazingaspectofthelevitatinglightbulbisthat________.

A．itcanfloat

B．itsinventorismorethanascientist

C．itmakesuseoftherejectionofthemagnets

D．inductionallowsittogetpowerevenwhenunconnectedwiththebase

答案与解析：

D　细节理解题。

根据Thelevitatinglightbulb部分最后两句“What'

snewhereis....Itallowsthelightbulbtogetpowerfromthebaseeventheyarenotincontact.”可知，悬浮灯泡最神奇的地方是这项电磁感应技术可以让灯泡不用接触底座就能通电。

2．Howisthenotouchthermometerdifferentfromotherones?

A．Itmakesiteasiertotakekids'

temperature.

B．Youneedwaittwominutesforthereading.

C．Youdon'

tneedtopressthebutton.

D．Itshouldbeputinone'

sarmpit.

A　推理判断题。

根据Thenotouchthermometer部分第二段可知，这种新型的体温计可以不用紧贴皮肤，而且读取数据的时间也很短。

由此可知，这个发明让儿童的体温测量变得更容易了。

3．Inwhichpartofanewspapercanyoupossiblyreadthistext?

A．Education.　B．Sports.

C．Science.D．Entertainment.

C　推理判断题。

本文介绍了三项新的科技发明，属于科技类文章。

B

武汉市武昌区高三年级五月调研考试）

Kandareallydoesn'

tliketowalkalone.Thescientistfromaresearchinstituteofintelligentrobotsfindstheexperiencesoboringthathe'

dratherdrive－eventhoughhelivesclosetohislabandknowsthatwalkingishealthy.“Ienjoywalkingwithsomeone,likewithmywife,withmydaughter，”Kandasaid.“Buttheyarenotalwaysavailable.”

SoKanda,whospecializesinhumanlikebots,developedaroboticwalkingpartnerthatcouldmakesmalltalkbasedonitssurroundings,which,hehopes,mightmotivatepeopletogetoutandexercisemore.Thebotrestsonaperson'

sshoulderlikeaboxyparrot.Itweighsaboutapoundandahalfandsitsroughly8.5incheshigh,andis3.5incheswideand10incheslong.Amicrophone,aspeaker,andaninternalcameraallowittocommunicate.It'

sevenequippedwithasmile.

Kandaandhisteamcollectedvideofromfivedifferentlocations,includingagardenandashoppingmall,andcreatedadatasetofsmalltalktopicsrelatedtoeachlocation.Thentheyprogrammedtherobottoassociatevisualcueswithspecifictopics.Aspecialspeechsoftwareprovidedtherobotwithavoice.Nearagroupofparkedcars,forexample,itmightsay，“Inabigparkinglot,sometimesIforgetwhereIparked.”

Theytestedtheroboton15volunteers,10malesand5females,whowerepaidandaveragedabout26yearsold.“Haveyoueverblownapuffofdandelion（蒲公英）seedsintotheair？

”Therobotaskedaparticipant,whosmiledandresponded，“Yes,IoftendidthatwhenIwasachild.”Althoughseveralparticipantsnotedtherobot'

sweight,Kandawassurprisedthatnooneconsideredtheexperiencestrangeorfunny.“Iguesspeopleenjoynewtechnologies，”hesaid.

Justlikeahumanpartner,Kanda'

sbotisn'

tperfect.It'

snotabletogoforwalksinheavyrainand,whiletherobotcanmakeexpressions,itcan'

treallyholdaconversation,aboutwhichKandaismostworried.Despiteitslimits,Kandawascomfortedbythebot'

spresence.“Ifeltakindofsenseofbeingwithsomeone，”hesaid,“particularlywhenitspoke.”

【语篇解读】　本文主要介绍了新研发的陪人散步的机器人。

4．WhydoesKandahavetheideaofdevelopingaroboticwalkingpartner?

A．Becausehewantssomeonetoaccompanyhimwhilewalking.

B．Becausehehasneverdevelopedarobotlikeaparrot.

C．Becausehisfamilyareunwillingtowalkwithhim.

D．Becauseheiscrazyaboutdevelopingrobots.

A　细节理解题。

根据第一段的“‘Ienjoywalkingwithsomeone,likewithmywife,withmydaughter，’Kandasaid.‘Buttheyarenotalwaysavailable.’”可知，Kanda发明陪人散步的机器人的原因是想找个人在他散步时陪他，故选A。

5．Whatcharacteristicdoestherobothave?

A．Itcan“speak”and“see”．

B．Itcanwalklikeahumanbeing.

C．Itcancommunicatewithpeoplefreely.

D．Itismuchmorehumorousthanarealperson.

根据第二段倒数第二句“Amicrophone,aspeaker,andaninternalcameraallowittocommunicate”以及第三段的“Thentheyprogrammed...withavoice”可推知，这种机器人可以说话还可以看，故选A。

6．Whatisnecessaryfortherobottofunction?

A．Asmallsize.B．Aboxyshape.

C．Ahumanpartner.D．Aspeechsoftware.

根据第二段倒数第二句“Amicrophone,aspeaker,andaninternalcameraallowittocommunicate”和第三段的“Thentheyprogrammed...Aspecialspeechsoftwareprovidedtherobotwithavoice”可知，这种机器人是要配备麦克风、扬声器、内置摄像头以及特殊的语音软件的，故选D。

7．WhatisKandamostlikelytodoabouthisrobotnext?

A．Tomakeitmoreconvenienttocarry.

B．Toimproveitsconversationalskills.

C．Toenableittowalkinheavyrain.

D．Tobetteritssoundsystem.

B　推理判断题。

根据最后一段第二句的“itcan'

treallyholdaconversation,aboutwhichKandaismostworried”并结合全文的内容可推知，接下来Kanda将要改善的是机器人的交流技能，故选B。

C

合肥市高三第三次教学质量检测）

Manyyearsago,whenwewereayoungcouplewithtwosmallchildren,aged2and4,wewerepracticallyimpecunious.Myinlawslivedfromhandtomouth,sowedidn'

texpectanyhelpfromthem.Myparentslivedagreatdistanceaway,andIwastooashamedtoletthemknowaboutoursituation.

Myhusbandwastryingtoearnalivingwithanoldpickuptruck,carryinggroceriesforlocalshopkeepers,butitwasconstantlybreakingdown.Ittookalmostallthemoneywehadtohaveitfixed.Thetruckwasalsotheonlymeansoftransportationforus.

Welivedinthecountryside,andwealwaysusedthebackdoorbecausethedrivewayledtoit.Onewinterevening,Isteppedoutsidetotakeabagoftrashtothebarrelandalmosttrippedoversomething.Itwasnearlydark,andIhadtobenddowntoseewhatitwas.Icouldhardlybelievemyeyes.Theresatalargebasketloadedwithfood.

Itwasheavy,soIcalledmyhusbandtocarryitintothehouse.Onceinside,wediscoveredtwoloavesofbread,somebutter,severalcansofvegetables,acanoforangesauce,andalargeturkey.TherewassomuchthatIcouldn'

trememberitall,butitwaseverythingweneededtofixawonderfuldinnereverythingexceptpotatoes.

AlittlewhilelaterIrememberedthatIhadn'

ttakenthetrashtothebarrel.Bynowitwasdark,soIhadtoturnontheyardlight—andthat'

swhenIspottedasmallbagofpotatoessittingontheporch.

ThatdinnerwasthebestIcouldremember.

Weweren'

tabletothankourdonators,though,becauseweneverfoundoutwhohadbeensogenerousinhelpingastrugglingyoungfamily.Whoeveritwas,weareforevergrateful.

【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。

“我”和丈夫有两个孩子，很多年前，我们生活贫困，但羞于将处境告诉父母。

丈夫用一辆