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实际上英语中表示“许多”、“大量”、“大多数”意思的有相当多的词汇和短语:
a)Greatnessisbuiltupontremendousamountofstudy,practiceanddevotion.
b)AChinesephilosopheronceremarkedthataleadermusthavethegraceofagooddancer,andthereisagreatdealofwisdomtothis.
c)Thecompaniesoftenrunintoconflicts--amultitudeoflittlethingsthatescalateintobigbattles.
d)Herfunctionistopassontostudentsthatvaststoreofknowledgeshehasacquired.
e)Butintheeveningtheoverwhelmingmajorityofthepublicpreferstostayathometowatchamovieratherthangoout.
f)Asizablepercentageofthepioneerswereself-disciplinedpeople,buttheywerealmostasintolerantofothers'
views.
g)Chinamustfacetheproblemofbuildingupwardstoaccommodatea
considerableproportionofitspopulationinhighblocksofflats.
h)Largesegmentsofthepopulationofmanydevelopingcountriesare
economicallypowerless.
i)Manyacrossthiscountryareawareofthiseffect,andaconsiderable
portionofthemarehopingamarkedreductioninthevideoviolence.
j)Anorganization,forinstance,recentlyexaminedaverylargenumberofmenworkinginaconstructionsite.
k)Thusthebulkofthelanguageacquisitionofthehighschoolgraduatetakesplaceinformallyfirstinthehome.
再如:
“好学生”,大多数学生就是用goodstudents。
而英语中表示“好学生”的有很多:
topstudents,smartstudents,giftedstudents,superiorstudents,excellentstudents,outstandingstudents
此外,表示“学生”也不一定都用students,可用schoolboysandgirls或collegepopulations等等。
问题不在于这个表达比那个表达更好,而在于变化,也就是说,在一篇文章中尽可能用不同的词来表达同一个意思。
我们来看下面一些词语变化的实际应用。
1)TheprincipalofagreatPhiladelphiahighschoolisdriventocryforhelpincombatingthenotionthatitisundemocratictorunaspecialprogramofstudiesforoutstandingboysandgirls.Again,whenagoodindependentschoolinMemphisrecentlyclosed,somethoughtfulcitizensurgedthatitbetakenoverbythepublicschoolsystemandusedforboysandgirlsofhighability,thatithaveentrancerequirementsandgivenanadvancedprogramofstudiestosuperiorstudentswhowereinterestedandabletotakeit.
--SeymourSt.John:
TheFifthFreedom
好学校:
agreathighschool,agoodindependentschool
高级课程:
aspecialprogramofstudies,anadvancedprogramofstudies
好学生:
outstandingboysandgirls,boysandgirlsofhighability,superiorstudents
2)Hardworkisn'
tthewholestoryeither.Someofthesehigh-achievingstudentsactuallyputinfewerhoursthantheirlower-scoringclassmates.Thestudentsatthetopoftheclassgettherebymasteringafewbasictechniquesthatotherscaneasilylearn.Here,accordingtoeducationexpertsandstudentsthemselves,arethesecretsofAstudents.
--EdwinKiester:
SecretsofAStudents
成绩优秀学生:
high-achievingstudents,Thestudentsatthetopoftheclass,Astudents
3)IsthesoleaimofmostAmericanstomakemoneyandpossessluxurieswhichcouldbecalledexcessive?
ThemajorityofAmericanswouldcertainlydenythis,thoughmostfeelproudtoamasswealthandpossessionsthroughhardwork.
--TheAmericanCharacter
大多数美国人:
mostAmericans,ThemajorityofAmericans
积聚财富:
makemoneyandpossessluxuries,amasswealthandpossessions
4)Indeed,asoneimaginetheundergroundworldtobecomeincreasinglyelaborate,onecanvisualizemuchofthefoodsupplyeventuallyderivingfromhydroponicsgrowthinartificiallyilluminatedareasunderground.
--IsaacAsimov想象:
imagine,visualize
5)Thepressandtelevisionkeepshowingusthefaultsofthepublicfigures,untilwelosefaithandstartlookingfordefectsinanypersonwhoseemsworthyofrespect.Inaneighbororastatesman,wetrytodiscovertheweaknessesoruglymotivesthataresurelyhidingbehindhisnobleactions.
--AChangingScene
缺点:
faults,defects,weaknesses
6)Retirementoftenbringsmanyproblemssurroundingthe"
WhatdoIdowithmyselftoday?
"
question,eventhoughtheremaybenofinancialcares.Largenumbersofpeopleregularlygetheadachesandotherill-nessesonweekendswhentheydon'
thavetheirjobstogoto,andmustfendforthemselves.Ithasbeenobservedthatunemployment,quitea-sidefromexertingfinancialpressures,bringsenormouspsychologicaltroublesandthatmanyindividualsdeterioraterapidlywhenjobless.
--LonardR.Sayles
问题:
problems,question,trouble
经济拮据:
financialcares,financialpressures
许多:
many,enormous,largenumbersof
人:
people,individuals
失业:
unemployment,jobless
7)Aseniorexecutive'
sinstinctivecapacitytoempathizewithandgaininsightsfromcustomersisthesinglemostimportantskillheorshecanusetodirecttechnologies,productandserviceofferings,indeed,allelementsofacompany'
sstrategicposture.PeoplelikeBillGatesbroughtthisabilitytotheenterprisestheyfounded.Withoutit,theirventuresmighthavebeenshort-livedoratleastfarlesssuccessful.Butmanytop-levelmanagers,particularlythoseatindustrialcompanies,considercustomercontactthebailiwickofsalesandmarketingstaff.
《现代英汉翻译操作》
高级经理:
seniorexecutive,top-levelmanagers
公司企业:
companies,ventures,enterprises.
能力:
capacity,skill,ability
8)Thepersonalcomputerrevolutionhappenedandithasaffectedmillionsoflives.Ithasledustoplaceswehadbarelyimagined.Weareallbeginninganothergreatjourney.Wearen'
tsurewherethisonewillleaduseither,butagainIamcertainthisrevolutionwilltouchevenmorelivesandtakeusallfarther.ThebenefitsandproblemsarisingfromthisupcomingcommunicationsrevolutionwillbemuchgreaterthanthosebroughtaboutbythePCrevolution.
--BillGates
影响:
affect,touch
把我们带到:
leadus,takeus
引起:
arisingfrom,broughtabout
9)Whatwasitthatenabledthemtobecomegreat?
Weretheybornwithsomethingspecial?
OrdidtheirgreatnesshavemoretodoWithtiming,devotionand,perhaps,anuncompromisingpersonality?
...Aneversurrenderattitude.Ifgreatachieversshareanything,itisaunrelentingdrivetosucceed.Thereisatendencytothinkthattheyareendowedwithsomethingsuper-normal.
--MichaelRyan
天生:
bebornwith,beendowedwith
特别的:
somethingspecial,somethingsupernormal
永不屈服的精神:
Aneversurrenderattitude,anunrelentingdrivetosucceed
伟人:
becomegreat,greatachievers
10)Asachild,Einsteinbecamefascinatedwiththewaymagnetsaredrawntometal."
Hecouldn'
tstopthinkingaboutthisstuff"
Simontonpointedout."
Hebecameobsessedwithproblemsinphysicsbythetimehewas16,andheneverstoppedworkingoutthem.
迷住:
becamefascinatedwith,becameobsessedwith
思考研究:
thinkabout,workout
11)Childrenareentitledtospecialconsiderationfortworeasons:
helplessnessandinnocence.Theyhavenotyetacquiredeitherthefacultyofreasonorthewisdomofexperience.Consequently,theyaredefenselessandblameless.That'
swhywegrantthemspecialprotection.Inanemergency,itisourdutytosavethemfirstbecausethey,helpless,haveputtheirlivesinourhands.Andinwartime,theyaresupposedtobeprotectedbyspecialimmunitybecausetheycanhavethreatenedoroffendednoone.
--CharlesKmuthammer
受特别保护:
beentitledtospecialconsideration,grantthemspecialprotection,protectedbyspecialimmunity
无助:
helplessness,defenseless,haveputtheirlivesinourhands
无辜:
innocence,blameless,threatenedoroffendednoone
12)Atypicalexampleofthisabilityisthecaseofawomanwhoclaimsthatherintuitionpreventedeachofherfivechildrenfromseriousmishaps.Anotherinterestingillustrationofthissixsenseinvolvesthefamousescapeartist.
《新英语教程》第六册
举例:
exampleof,illustrationof
直觉:
intuition,sixsense
13)Thedeafeningnoise,andtheglareoftheenginefire,wouldhavea
hadeffectonnerves.Further,beingmovedthroughtheairatahigh
speedwoulddogreatinjurytodelicatelungs.Thesuddenplungingof
atrainintothedarknessofatunnel,andtheequallysuddenrushinto
fulldaylight,wouldcausegreatdamagetoeyesight.
损害:
haveabadeffecton,dogreatinjuryto,causegreatdamageto
冲进:
plunge,rush
14)Whenparentsurgetheirchildrentostudyhardandgetgoodgrades,
thechildrenknowthatthepayoffwillnotbesocialacceptancebytheir
schoolmates.Therewardsarenotconsistentwithvaluestaughtathome.
回报:
payoff,rewards
15)Beyondcheckingthereportforclarityandaccuracyinthepresentationoftheresult,youshouldalsoreviewitforbasicgrammaticalandmechanicalaccuracy.
检查:
check,review
16)Thisnewcivilizationbringswithitnewfamilystyles;
changedways
ofworking,loving,andliving;
aneweconomy;
newpoliticalconflicts;
andbeyondallthisanalteredconsciousnessaswell.
新的:
new,changed,altered
17)Asianparentsareabletoinstillmoremotivationintheirchildren.
Buthowtheyimbuetheiroffspringwiththiskindofmotivation.
灌输:
instill,imbue
instillasenseofresponsibilityinchildren给孩子灌输责任意识
beimbuedwithambition满怀雄心
孩子:
children,offspring
18)Thequestionofwhatistobedonetoregulateandcontrolexploitationoftheseabedsisnolongeratheoreticalmatter.Itisaproblemofinternationalconcern.
question,matter,problem
19)Nowadays,weneverallowourselvestheconvenienceofbeingtemporarilyunavailable,eventostrangers.