北师大版高中英语选修八Unit 23《Conflict》Period Two课时精练Word文档下载推荐.docx
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每小题2分,满分20分)
A
Beautyhasalwaysbeenregardedassomethingpraiseworthy.Almosteveryonethinksattractivepeoplearehappierandhealthier,havebettermarriagesandhavemorerespectablejobs.Personaladvisorsgivethembetteradviceforfindingjobs.Evenjudgesaresofteronattractivedefendants.Butintheexecutive(主管的)circle,beautycanbecomealiability.
Whileattractivenessisapositivefactorforamanonhiswayuptheexecutiveleader,itisharmfultoawoman.Handsomemaleexecutiveswereconsideredashavingmorehonestythanplainermen:
effortandabilitywerethoughttoleadtotheirsuccess.
Attractivefemaleexecutiveswereconsideredtohavelesshonestythanunattractiveones;
theirsuccesswasconnectednotwithabilitybutwithfactorssuchasluck.Allunattractivewomenexecutiveswerethoughttohavemorehonestyandtobemorecapablethantheattractivefemaleexecutives.Interestingly,though,theriseoftheunattractiveovernightsuccesseswasconnectedmoretopersonalrelationshipsandlesstoabilitythanthatoftheattracdtiveovernightsuccesses.
Whyareattractivewomennotthoughttobeable?
Anattractivewomanisconsideredtobemorefeminineandanattractivemanmoremanlythanthelessattractiveones.Thus,anattractivewomanhasanadvantageintraditionallyfemalejobs,butanattractivewomaninatraditionallymanlypositionappearstolackthe“manly”qualitiesrequired.
Thisistrueeveninpolitics.“Whentheonlyclueishowheorshelooks,peopletreatmenandwomendifferently,”saysAnneBrown,whorecentlypublishedastudyontheeffectsofattractivenessonpoliticalcandidates.Sheasked125undergraduatestudentstoranktwogroupsofphotographs,oneofmenandoneofwomen,inorderofattractiveness.Thestudentsweretoldthephotographswereofcandidatesforpoliticaloffices.Theywereaskedtorankthemagain,intheordertheywouldvoteforthem.
Theresultsshowedthatattractivemalescompletelydefeatedunattractivemen,butwomenwhohadrankedmostattractiveunchangeablyreceivedthefewestvotes.
【解题导语】美丽一定是优点吗?
也不尽然。
对于美丽的管理阶层女性,她们的美就可以成为她们职场打拼的一大负担。
11.Theunderlinedword“liability”(Paral)mostprobablymeans________.
A.disadvantageB.advantage
C.misfortuneD.trouble
解析 词义猜测题。
由第1段首句及“But”可知。
答案 A
12.Intraditionallyfemalejobs,attractiveness________.
A.makeswomenlookmorehonestandcapable
B.strengthensthefemininequalitiesrequired
C.isofgreatimportancetowomen
D.oftenenableswomentosucceedquickly
解析 事实细节题。
由第4段第3行可知。
答案 D
13.Bowman'
sexperimentshowsthatwhenitcomestopolitics,
attractiveness________.
A.turnsouttobeadisadvantagetomen
B.ismoreofadisadvantagethananadvantagetowoman
C.affectsmenandwomenalike
D.hasaslittleeffectonmenasonwomen
由最后一段可知。
答案 B
14.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatpeople'
sviewsonbeautyare
often________.
A.practicalB.supportive
C.oldfashionedD.onesided
解析 推理判断题。
人们只知道美是好的,不知道美还有不利的一面。
15.Theauthorwritesthispassageto________.
A.giveadvicetojobseekerswhoareattractive
B.discussthedisadvantagesofbeingattractive
C.demandequalrightsforwomen
D.statetheimportanceofappearance
解析 主旨大意题。
作者论述的是美貌的缺点。
B
Wemayallhavehadtheembarrassingmoment:
Gettinghalfwaythroughastoryonlytorealizethatwe'
vetoldthisexacttalebefore,tothepersonwe'
reboringwithitnow.Whydowemakesuchmemorymistakes?
AccordingtoresearchpublishedinPsychologicalScience,itmayhavetodowiththewayourbrainsprocessdifferenttypesofmemory.
ResearchersNigelGopie,oftheRotmanResearchInstituteinToronto,andColinMacleod,oftheUniversityofWaterloo,dividedmemoryintotwokinds.Thefirstwassourcememory,ortheabilitytokeeptrackofwhereinformationiscomingfrom.Thesecondwasdestinationmemory,ortheabilitytorecallwhomwehavegiveninformationto.
Theyfoundthatsourcememoryfunctionsbetterthandestinationmemory,inpartbecauseofthedirectioninwhichthatinformationistravelling.
Tostudythedifferencesbetweensourceanddestinationmemory,theresearchersdidanexperimenton60universitystudents,accordingtoaNewYorkTimesreport.Thestudentswereaskedtoassociate50random(随意的)factswiththefacesof50famouspeople.Halfofthestudents“told”eachfacttooneofthefaces,readingitaloudwhenthecelebrity'
spictureappearedonacomputerscreen.Theotherhalfreadeachfactsilentlyandsawadifferentcelebritypictureafterward.
Whenlateraskedtorecallwhichfactswentwithwhichfaces,thestudentswhoweregivinginformationout(destinationmemory)scoredabout16percentloweronmemoryperformancecomparedwiththestudentsreceivinginformation(sourcememory).
Theresearchersconcludedthatoutgoinginformationwaslessassociatedwithitsenvironmentalcontext(背景)—thatis,theperson—thanincominginformation.
Thismakessensegivenwhatisknownaboutattention.Apersonwhoisgivinginformationeverlittlefacts,willdevotesomementalresourcestothinkingaboutwhatisbeingsaid.Becauseourattentionisfinite(有限的),wegivelessattentiontothepersonwearegivinginformationto.
Afterasecondexperimentwithanothergroupof40students,theresearchersconcludedthatselffocusisanotherfactorthatunderminesdestinationmemory.
Theyaskedhalfthestudentstocontinuegivingoutrandominformation,whiletheothertoldthingsaboutthemselves.Thistimearound,thosewhoweretalkingaboutthemselvesdid15percentworsethanthosegivingrandominformation.
“Whenyoustarttellingthesepersonalfactscomparedwithnonselffacts,suddenlydestinationmemorygoesdownmore,suggestingthatitistheselffocuscomponent(成分)that'
sreducingthememory,”GopietoldLiveScience.
【解题导语】文章通过两个实验向我们介绍了对于两种信息记忆效果的不同及其原因。
16.Thepointofthisarticleisto________.
A.giveadviceonhowtoimprovememory
B.tellwhatcausesthememorytoworsen
C.explainwhywerepeatstoriestothesameperson
D.introducedifferentkindsofmemories
由文章的结构可以看出,全文就是在回答“Whydowemakesuchmemorymistakes?
”的。
而“suchmemorymistakes”就是选项中所说的werepeatstoriestothesameperson,故C项正确。
答案 C
17.Thosewhoreadeachfactsilentlyandsawadifferentcelebritypicture
afterwards________.
A.canmemorizemoreinformation
B.haveworsememory
C.aremorelikelytorepeatstories
D.paidmoreattentiontothemselves
解析 细节理解题。
倒数第六段对接受两种信息的实验对象进行了比较,由此可以得出答案。
18.Thepersonwhoisgivinginformation________.
A.mayreceivelittlefacts
B.focusesmoreonwhatheissaying
C.hasfiniteattention
D.paysmuchattentiontohisownbehavior
由倒数第四段“Apersonwhoisgivinginformationevenlittlefacts,willdevotesomementalresourcestothinkingaboutwhatisbeingsaid”可知答案。
19.Theunderlinedword“undermines”probablymeans________.
A.weakensB.benefitsC.explainsD.supports
这是对第二次实验的总结,由倒数第二段的最后一句话“worse”可知该词的意思,和weaken同义。
20.Whatdidthescientistsconcludefromthesecondexperiment?
A.Destinationmemoryisweakerthansourcememory.
B.Focusingattentionononeselfleadstorelativelypoorsourcememory
performance.
C.Associatingpersonalexperiencewithinformationhelpspeoplememorize
better.
D.Selffocusisresponsibleforgivinginformationtwiceormoretothesame
person.
由倒数第三段“theresearchersconcludedthatselffocusisanotherfactorthatunderminesdestinationmemory.”可知答案。
时间:
Ⅰ.完形填空(共15小题;
每小题2分,满分30分)
阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,然后从各题所给的A、B、C和D项中,选出最佳选项。
IthasbeenthoughtandsaidthatAfricansarebornwithmusicaltalent.BecausemusicissoimportantinthelivesofmanyAfricansandbecausesomuchmusicis__1__inAfrica,weare__2__tothinkthatallAfricansaremusicians.Theimpressionis__3__whenwelookatourselvesandfindthatwehavebecome__4__asocietyofmusicalspectators(旁观).Musicisimportanttous,butmostofuscanbeconsidered__5__ratherthanproducersofmusic.Wehaverecords,television,concerts,andradioto__6__manyofourmusicalneeds.Inmost__7__wheremusicisperformedinourculture,itisnotdifficulttodistinguishthe__8__fromtheperformers,butsuchisoftennotthecaseinAfrica.AlbanAyipaga,aKasenasemiprofessionalmusicianfromnorthernGhana,saysthatwhenhisflute(长笛)anddrumensemble(歌舞团)isperforming,“Anybodycantake__9__”.Thisistrue,butKasenamusicians__10__thatnotallpeopleare__11__capableoftakingpartinthemusic.Somecansingalongwiththedrummers,butrelativelyfewcandrumandevenfewercanplaytheflutealongwiththeensemble.Itisfairly__12__inAfricafortheretobeanensembleofexpertmusicians__13__byotherswhojoininbyclapping,singing,orsomehow__14__tothetotalityofmusicalsound.Performingnucleusandthe__15__performers,activespectators