北师大版高中英语选修八Unit 23《Conflict》Period Two课时精练Word文档下载推荐.docx

北师大版高中英语选修八Unit 23《Conflict》Period Two课时精练Word文档下载推荐.docx

《北师大版高中英语选修八Unit 23《Conflict》Period Two课时精练Word文档下载推荐.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《北师大版高中英语选修八Unit 23《Conflict》Period Two课时精练Word文档下载推荐.docx（39页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

每小题2分，满分20分）

A

Beautyhasalwaysbeenregardedassomethingpraiseworthy.Almosteveryonethinksattractivepeoplearehappierandhealthier，havebettermarriagesandhavemorerespectablejobs.Personaladvisorsgivethembetteradviceforfindingjobs.Evenjudgesaresofteronattractivedefendants.Butintheexecutive（主管的）circle，beautycanbecomealiability.

Whileattractivenessisapositivefactorforamanonhiswayuptheexecutiveleader，itisharmfultoawoman.Handsomemaleexecutiveswereconsideredashavingmorehonestythanplainermen：

effortandabilitywerethoughttoleadtotheirsuccess.

Attractivefemaleexecutiveswereconsideredtohavelesshonestythanunattractiveones；

theirsuccesswasconnectednotwithabilitybutwithfactorssuchasluck.Allunattractivewomenexecutiveswerethoughttohavemorehonestyandtobemorecapablethantheattractivefemaleexecutives.Interestingly，though，theriseoftheunattractiveovernightsuccesseswasconnectedmoretopersonalrelationshipsandlesstoabilitythanthatoftheattracdtiveovernightsuccesses.

Whyareattractivewomennotthoughttobeable？

Anattractivewomanisconsideredtobemorefeminineandanattractivemanmoremanlythanthelessattractiveones.Thus，anattractivewomanhasanadvantageintraditionallyfemalejobs，butanattractivewomaninatraditionallymanlypositionappearstolackthe“manly”qualitiesrequired.

Thisistrueeveninpolitics.“Whentheonlyclueishowheorshelooks，peopletreatmenandwomendifferently，”saysAnneBrown，whorecentlypublishedastudyontheeffectsofattractivenessonpoliticalcandidates.Sheasked125undergraduatestudentstoranktwogroupsofphotographs，oneofmenandoneofwomen，inorderofattractiveness.Thestudentsweretoldthephotographswereofcandidatesforpoliticaloffices.Theywereaskedtorankthemagain，intheordertheywouldvoteforthem.

Theresultsshowedthatattractivemalescompletelydefeatedunattractivemen，butwomenwhohadrankedmostattractiveunchangeablyreceivedthefewestvotes.

【解题导语】美丽一定是优点吗？

也不尽然。

对于美丽的管理阶层女性，她们的美就可以成为她们职场打拼的一大负担。

11．Theunderlinedword“liability”（Paral）mostprobablymeans________.

A．disadvantageB．advantage

C．misfortuneD．trouble

解析　词义猜测题。

由第1段首句及“But”可知。

答案　A

12．Intraditionallyfemalejobs，attractiveness________.

A．makeswomenlookmorehonestandcapable

B．strengthensthefemininequalitiesrequired

C．isofgreatimportancetowomen

D．oftenenableswomentosucceedquickly

解析　事实细节题。

由第4段第3行可知。

答案　D

13．Bowman'

sexperimentshowsthatwhenitcomestopolitics，

attractiveness________.

A．turnsouttobeadisadvantagetomen

B．ismoreofadisadvantagethananadvantagetowoman

C．affectsmenandwomenalike

D．hasaslittleeffectonmenasonwomen

由最后一段可知。

答案　B

14．Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatpeople'

sviewsonbeautyare

often________.

A．practicalB．supportive

C．oldfashionedD．onesided

解析　推理判断题。

人们只知道美是好的，不知道美还有不利的一面。

15．Theauthorwritesthispassageto________.

A．giveadvicetojobseekerswhoareattractive

B．discussthedisadvantagesofbeingattractive

C．demandequalrightsforwomen

D．statetheimportanceofappearance

解析　主旨大意题。

作者论述的是美貌的缺点。

B

Wemayallhavehadtheembarrassingmoment：

Gettinghalfwaythroughastoryonlytorealizethatwe'

vetoldthisexacttalebefore，tothepersonwe'

reboringwithitnow.Whydowemakesuchmemorymistakes?

AccordingtoresearchpublishedinPsychologicalScience，itmayhavetodowiththewayourbrainsprocessdifferenttypesofmemory.

ResearchersNigelGopie，oftheRotmanResearchInstituteinToronto，andColinMacleod，oftheUniversityofWaterloo，dividedmemoryintotwokinds.Thefirstwassourcememory，ortheabilitytokeeptrackofwhereinformationiscomingfrom.Thesecondwasdestinationmemory，ortheabilitytorecallwhomwehavegiveninformationto.

Theyfoundthatsourcememoryfunctionsbetterthandestinationmemory，inpartbecauseofthedirectioninwhichthatinformationistravelling.

Tostudythedifferencesbetweensourceanddestinationmemory，theresearchersdidanexperimenton60universitystudents，accordingtoaNewYorkTimesreport.Thestudentswereaskedtoassociate50random（随意的）factswiththefacesof50famouspeople.Halfofthestudents“told”eachfacttooneofthefaces，readingitaloudwhenthecelebrity'

spictureappearedonacomputerscreen.Theotherhalfreadeachfactsilentlyandsawadifferentcelebritypictureafterward.

Whenlateraskedtorecallwhichfactswentwithwhichfaces，thestudentswhoweregivinginformationout（destinationmemory）scoredabout16percentloweronmemoryperformancecomparedwiththestudentsreceivinginformation（sourcememory）．

Theresearchersconcludedthatoutgoinginformationwaslessassociatedwithitsenvironmentalcontext（背景）—thatis，theperson—thanincominginformation.

Thismakessensegivenwhatisknownaboutattention.Apersonwhoisgivinginformationeverlittlefacts，willdevotesomementalresourcestothinkingaboutwhatisbeingsaid.Becauseourattentionisfinite（有限的），wegivelessattentiontothepersonwearegivinginformationto.

Afterasecondexperimentwithanothergroupof40students，theresearchersconcludedthatselffocusisanotherfactorthatunderminesdestinationmemory.

Theyaskedhalfthestudentstocontinuegivingoutrandominformation，whiletheothertoldthingsaboutthemselves.Thistimearound，thosewhoweretalkingaboutthemselvesdid15percentworsethanthosegivingrandominformation.

“Whenyoustarttellingthesepersonalfactscomparedwithnonselffacts，suddenlydestinationmemorygoesdownmore，suggestingthatitistheselffocuscomponent（成分）that'

sreducingthememory，”GopietoldLiveScience.

【解题导语】文章通过两个实验向我们介绍了对于两种信息记忆效果的不同及其原因。

16．Thepointofthisarticleisto________.

A．giveadviceonhowtoimprovememory

B．tellwhatcausesthememorytoworsen

C．explainwhywerepeatstoriestothesameperson

D．introducedifferentkindsofmemories

由文章的结构可以看出，全文就是在回答“Whydowemakesuchmemorymistakes？

”的。

而“suchmemorymistakes”就是选项中所说的werepeatstoriestothesameperson，故C项正确。

答案　C

17．Thosewhoreadeachfactsilentlyandsawadifferentcelebritypicture

afterwards________.

A．canmemorizemoreinformation

B．haveworsememory

C．aremorelikelytorepeatstories

D．paidmoreattentiontothemselves

解析　细节理解题。

倒数第六段对接受两种信息的实验对象进行了比较，由此可以得出答案。

18．Thepersonwhoisgivinginformation________.

A．mayreceivelittlefacts

B．focusesmoreonwhatheissaying

C．hasfiniteattention

D．paysmuchattentiontohisownbehavior

由倒数第四段“Apersonwhoisgivinginformationevenlittlefacts，willdevotesomementalresourcestothinkingaboutwhatisbeingsaid”可知答案。

19．Theunderlinedword“undermines”probablymeans________.

A．weakensB．benefitsC．explainsD．supports

这是对第二次实验的总结，由倒数第二段的最后一句话“worse”可知该词的意思，和weaken同义。

20．Whatdidthescientistsconcludefromthesecondexperiment?

A．Destinationmemoryisweakerthansourcememory.

B．Focusingattentionononeselfleadstorelativelypoorsourcememory

performance.

C．Associatingpersonalexperiencewithinformationhelpspeoplememorize

better.

D．Selffocusisresponsibleforgivinginformationtwiceormoretothesame

person.

由倒数第三段“theresearchersconcludedthatselffocusisanotherfactorthatunderminesdestinationmemory.”可知答案。

　时间：

Ⅰ.完形填空（共15小题；

每小题2分，满分30分）

阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项。

IthasbeenthoughtandsaidthatAfricansarebornwithmusicaltalent.BecausemusicissoimportantinthelivesofmanyAfricansandbecausesomuchmusicis__1__inAfrica，weare__2__tothinkthatallAfricansaremusicians.Theimpressionis__3__whenwelookatourselvesandfindthatwehavebecome__4__asocietyofmusicalspectators（旁观）．Musicisimportanttous，butmostofuscanbeconsidered__5__ratherthanproducersofmusic.Wehaverecords，television，concerts，andradioto__6__manyofourmusicalneeds.Inmost__7__wheremusicisperformedinourculture，itisnotdifficulttodistinguishthe__8__fromtheperformers，butsuchisoftennotthecaseinAfrica.AlbanAyipaga，aKasenasemiprofessionalmusicianfromnorthernGhana，saysthatwhenhisflute（长笛）anddrumensemble（歌舞团）isperforming，“Anybodycantake__9__”．Thisistrue，butKasenamusicians__10__thatnotallpeopleare__11__capableoftakingpartinthemusic.Somecansingalongwiththedrummers，butrelativelyfewcandrumandevenfewercanplaytheflutealongwiththeensemble.Itisfairly__12__inAfricafortheretobeanensembleofexpertmusicians__13__byotherswhojoininbyclapping，singing，orsomehow__14__tothetotalityofmusicalsound.Performingnucleusandthe__15__performers，activespectators