直接引语变间接引语超级经典归纳Word文件下载.docx
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that
she
early
三不用变
引号的第三人
称在变间引后去人
称不变
She
me
They
want
help
him〞
they
wanted
him
★〔二〕.时态变化
宾语从句时态变化规如此:
主现从不限;
主过从四过〔即4种过去的时态:
一般过去时;
过去进展时;
过去将来时;
过去完成时〕;
客观真理,只用一般现在时。
1.主句一般现在时,从句可用任意时态。
2.主句过去时,从句用相应的过去时态。
即一般现在时改成
现在进展时改成
一般将来时改成过去将来时;
一般过去时、现在完成时、过去完成时改成过去完成时。
3.主句过去时,从句是客观真理时,只用一般现在时。
Teachertoldus:
"
Themoonmovesroundtheearth."
Teachertoldusthemoonmovesroundtheearth.
主句的时态
从句的时态
例句
一般现在时
Hesays
所需的任何时态
Hesays,〞helikesmathverymuch.
Hesaysthathelikesmathverymuch
一般过去时
Hesaid
直接引语
间接引语
Hesaid,“heisastudent.〞→Hesaidthathewasastudent
现在进展时
过去进展时
Hesaid,“heisreading.〞→Hesaidthathewasreading
一般将来时
过去将来时
Hesaid,“hewillgohome〞→Hesaidthathewouldgohome
过去完成时
Hesaid,“hewenthome〞→Hesaidthathehadgonehome
现在完成时
Hesaid,“hehasgonehome〞→Hesaidthathehadgonehome
Hesaid,“hehadgonehome〞→Hesaidthathehadgonehome
(三).时间状语变化
指示代词
this
these
that
those
时间状语
now
today
tonight
thisweek
yesterday
lastweek
threedaysago
tomorrow
nextweek
then
thatday
thatnight
thatweek
thedaybefore
theweekbefore
threedaysbefore
thenextday/thefollowingday
thenextweek/thefollowingweek
地点状语
here
there
动词
e
bring
go
take
★(四).连接词
1.从句为述句,常选择连接词that或将that省略,直接与主句相连。
2.从句为一般疑问句,常选择连接词if或whether。
3.从句为特殊疑问句,常选择what,when,where,which,who,how等的疑问代、副词作连接词。
注意:
当who为主语时,句式为:
who+谓语+其他
连接词
例句
须知事项
述句
that
〔常省略〕
Hesaidtome,“youcanhelpher.〞
Hesaidtome(that)Icouldhelpher..
1.连接词:
2.引述动词said,saidtosb
toldsb,等
一般疑问句
if/whether.“是否〞
Heaskedher,“Doyouloveme?
〞
Heaskedherwhethershelovedhim.
“述语序〞。
3.去掉Do,Does,Did
改变Are,Is,Will,Can位置
特殊疑问句
特殊疑问词:
what,who,
why,how,which,when
Heaskedhiswife,“Howareyou?
Heaskedhiswifehowshewas.
Heaskedme,“Whatcolordoyoulike?
HeaskedmewhatcolorIliked.
“述语序〞
2.去掉Do,Does,Did
祈使句
肯定
ask(tell)sb.todosth
Heshouted,“Lily,Closethedoor.〞
HetoldLilytoclosethedoor.
1.不用连接词
2.不改变时态。
3.无须考虑语序
否认
ask(tell)sb.nottodosth.
Hesaidtome,“Don’tbelate.〞
Heaskedmenottobelate.
1.语序不变的有:
What’thematterwithyou?
What’swrongwithyou?
但What’sthetroublewithyou?
的语序要变
1〕从句中有or/ornot。
例:
sheaskswhetherhestayed。
2.只用whether2〕与不定式todo连用。
Ican’tdecidewhethertotellhimthenews
3)在介词后。
theyaretalkingaboutwhethertheycanaffordthenewhouse
用法是有区别的,但当if/whether同时出现在选项中的时候,我们要选whether
★3.宾语从句语序:
语述序,即:
连接词+主语+谓语+其它。
或连接词〔此时连接词充当主语〕+谓语+其它。
述语序中:
be动词、助动词、情态动词不能提到主语前。
1〕canyoutellmewhereisthehospital(错〕
canyoutellmewherethehospitalis.(对〕
2〕Idon’tknowwhetherdoeshespeakChinese(错〕
Idon’tknowwhetherhespeaksChinese(对〕
3〕Iamnotsurewhatcanhedo(错〕
Iamnotsurewhathecando(对〕
中考考点:
时态、语序、连接词
练习题
一、填空,每空一词:
1.“Iamhavingsupper,〞hesaid.
Hesaidthat_____________havingsupper.
2.“I’veseenthefilm,〞Ginasaidtome.
Gina_______methatshe______________thefilm.
3.“Iwenthomewithmysister,〞shesaid.
Shesaidthat_____________________homewithhersister.
4.Theteachersaid,“Thesunisbiggerthanthemoon.〞
Theteachersaidthatthesun_______biggerthanthemoon.
5.“Imetheryesterday,〞hesaidtome.
Hetoldmethathe_______methertheday_______.
6.“Youmusteherebeforefive,〞hesaid.
HesaidthatI_______togo_______beforefive.
7.“Iboughttheputertwoweeksago,〞shesaid.
Shesaidthatshe_______boughttheputertwoweeks_______.
8.“Didyoureadthebooklastweek?
〞hesaid.
He______________Ihadreadthebooktheweek_______.
9.Hesaid,“Youcansithere,Jim.〞
He_______Jimthathe_______sitthere
10.Heasked,“Howdidyoufindit,mother?
Heaskedhermother_____________________foundit.
11.“Wherehaveyoubeenthesedays?
〞heasked.
Heaskedme_____________________been_______days.
12“Doyouknowwhereshelives?
Heasked______________knewwhereshe_______.
13.“Keepquiet,children.〞hesaid.
He_______thechildren______________quiet.
14.“Don’tlookoutofthewindow,〞shesaid.
Shetoldme_____________________outofthewindow.
15.“Areyouinterestedinthis?
He______________Iwasinterestedin_______.
二、选择:
1.Ourteacheraskedus_____ourdictionariestoschool.
A.bring
B.brought
C.bring
D.tobring
2.Theteachertoldtheboystudents______footballonthegrass.
A.notplay
B.nottoplay
C.played
D.playing
3.____Tomdidn’tgotoschool?
A.DoyouknowhowB.Whydoyouknow
C.Howyouknowwhy
D.Doyouknowwhy
4.Shelookssad.Couldyoupleasetellme_____thatpreventsherfrombeingashappyasbefore?
A.whatitis
B.itiswhat
C.howitis
D.itishow
5.Bettyaskedhersister____totherailwaystationtoseeheroff.
A.nottoe
B.nottogo
C.tonote
D.tonotgo
6.Thepupilaskedhisteacher_____roundtheearth.
A.weatherthemoongoesB.thatthemoonwent
C.whetherthemoongoes
D.whetherthemoonwent
7.Mr.Li____WangLing____ataxitotheairport.
A.asked;
take
B.asked;
taking
C.told;
D.told;
totake
8.Sheaskedhim____.
A.whosedictionarythisis
B.whosedictionarythatwas
C.whosedictionaryisthis
D.whosedictionarythatis
9.Mary’smotheraskedher_____.
A.thatwhethershehadfinishedherhomework
B.ifshehasfinishedherhomework
C.ifshehadfinishedherhomework
D.thatifshehadfinishedherhomework
10.Doyouknow____?
A.whatishedoing
B.whathedoing
C.whatheisdoing
D.whatdoeshedonow
11.Idon’tknow____tolearnEnglish.
A.whendidhebegin
B.whenhebegan
C.hewhenbegan
D.whenhebegins
12.Heaskedme____.
A.howwouldtheweatherbeliketomorrow
B.whattheweatherwouldbelikethenextday
C.howtheweatherwouldbeliketomorrow
D.whatwouldtheweatherbelikethenextday
13.Youcan’timagine____whentheyreceivedtheseniceSpringFestivalpresents.
A.howexcitedtheywere
B.howexcitedwerethey
C.howtheywereexcited
D.theywerehowexcited
14.Shetoldmethatshe____byherrelativesatthebusstop.
A.hadbeenseenoff
B.haveseenoff
C.havebeenseenoff
D.hadseenoff
15.Doyourememberhowmanytimes____toAustralia?
A.hadyoubeen
B.didyougo
C.haveyoubeen
D.youhavebeen
16.Canyouguess____?
A.whatisthatman
B.whothatmanis
C.whomthatmanis
D.whoisthatman
17.Moreandmorestudentsandteachershavebegantoknow____.
A.howimportanttheforeignlanguageare
B.howtheforeignlanguageisimportant
C.howimportanttheforeignlanguageis
D.howimportantistheforeignlanguage
18.Thehostesssaidthatit___timethatthey___supper.
A.was;
had
B.was;
hadhad
C.is;
have
D.is;
havehad
19.Thebossaskedhissecretary____hehadfinishedtypingthereport____.
A.if;
ornot
B.if;
not
C.whether;
D.whether;
not
20.Iwonderhowmuch_____.
A.doeshespendonhiscar
B.didhespendonhiscar
C.hespentonhiscar
D.hespentinhiscar
答案
一、填空
1.he,was。
在直接引语变为间接引语时,代词I要变为he;
主句为过去时态,宾语从句通常要将时态往后推一个,即现在进展时amhaving变为过去进展时washaving。
2.told,had,seen。
直接引语中的saidtosb在变为间接引语时应改为toldsb;
现在完成时haveseen改为过去完成时hadseen。
3.she,had,gone。
直接引语变为间接引语时,人称代词I应变为she;
一般过去时went改为过去完成时hadgone。
4.is。
直接引语变为间接引语时,假如直接引语为客观真理,如此变为间接引语时时态不变。
5.had,before。
直接引语是一般过去时met,变为间接引语时应改为过去完成时hadmet;
时间状语yesterday应改为thedaybefore
6.had,there。
如直接引语中的谓语动词含有情态动词must,变为间接引语时用hadto;
地点状语here相应地改为there。
7.had,before。
直接引语是一般过去时bought,变为间接引语时应改为过去完成时hadbought;
时间状语twoweeksago应改为twoweeksbefore。
8.asked,if(whether),before。
当直接引语是一般疑问句,变为间接引语时said应改为asked,然后加上连接词if或whether;
时间状语lastweek改为theweekbefore。
9.told,could。
根据句意第一空应用动词told;
直接引语中含有情态动词can,变为间接引语时应改为
could。
10.how,she,had。
如果直接引语是特殊疑问句,变为间接引语时仍用how引导,疑问句语序改为述句语序,一般过去时改为过去将来时。
11.where,I,had,those。
直接引语是特殊疑问句,变为间接引语时仍用where引导,疑问句语序改为述句语序,现在完成时改为过去完成时,指示代词these相应地变为those。
12.if(whether),I,lived。
直接引语是一般疑问句,变为间接引语时应用if或whether引导,人称you和动词时态lives也相应地变为I和lived
13.told,to,keep。
如直接引语为肯定的祈使句时,在变为间接引语时,可使用ask[tell,order]sbtodosth这一结构进展转换。
14.not,to,look。
如直接引语为否认的祈使句时,在变为间接引语时,可使用ask[tell,order]sbnottodosth这一结构进展转换。
15.asked,if(whether),that。
根据所给的句子,直接引语是一般疑问句,变为间接引语时,主句谓语动词应用asked;
再用if或whether引导宾语从句,批示代词this相应地变为that。
二、选择答案
1—5DBDAB;
6—10CDBCC;
11—15BBAAD;
16—20BCACC