外研版九上英语定语从句讲解及习题Word下载.docx
《外研版九上英语定语从句讲解及习题Word下载.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《外研版九上英语定语从句讲解及习题Word下载.docx(11页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
1.anavalpilot2.twohugeobjects
3.therocksonthemoon4.thegirlinred
5.thevillagefaraway6.alibrarywithlotsofbooks
7.thefirstmanthatwalkedonthemoon
总结:
用单词充当定语修饰名词时,位于名词之前,做前置定语。
用短语充当定语修饰名词时,位于名词之后,做后置定语。
2.定语从句的定义:
在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。
定语从句的作用相当于形容词,用来修饰主句中的某一名词或代词,所以也称作形容词性从句。
The
man
who
is
shaking
hands
with
my
father
a
policeman.
(修饰名词theman)
Anyonewhobreaksthelawshallbepublished.
(修饰代词anyone)
3.先行词:
被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词,定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。
Thepeoplethat/whocometovisitthecityareallhere.(thepeople为先行词,被横线部分及定语从句部分修饰)
4.关系词:
在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用的词叫关系词。
关系词有关系代词和关系副词两种。
关系代词有that,
which,
who,
whom,
whose;
例2:
判断下列复合句是否含有定语从句,如果有,在括号内打“√”并在句中把定语从句画出来。
1.Armstrongbecamethefirsthumanthatwalkedonthemoon.()
2.TherearereportswhichsayArmstrongandAldrinsawalienspacecraftwhentheywereonthemoon.()
3.NeilArmstrongisthepersonwhomadepeoplearoundtheworldrealizethatspaceexplorationwastrulypossible.()
4.ThemostimportantawardthatArmstronggotforhisservicewastheMedalofFreedom.()
5.Manypeoplebelievethatalienswerewatchingtheastronautswhentheylanded.()
知识点2:
关系词的作用及分类
1.关系词的作用:
A.引导定语从句;
B.代替先行词;
C.在定语从句中担当一个成分。
该句中,who
是定语从句,修饰先行词the
man,
“who”是引导定语从句的关系词,代替先行词the
man,在定语从句中作主语。
2.关系词的分类:
引导定语从句的词分为关系代词和关系副词
I.引导定语从句的关系代词主要有who,whom,whose,which,that等。
它们分别代替前面的先行词,并在定语从句中作主语、宾语或定语。
1.who指人,在从句中做主语或宾语,且做宾语时,常可省略;
TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.(做主语)
Doyouknowthegirlwhoisstandingunderthetree?
(做主语)
Thegirl(who)youtalktojustnowismyfriend.(做宾语)
2.whom指人,在定语从句中充当宾语,常可省略,一般也可用who替代。
但在介词后面只能用whom。
Mr.Liuistheperson(whom)youtalkedabout.
Themanwho/whomyoumetjustnowismyfriend.
Twomen,neitherofwhomIhadeverseenbefore,cameintomyoffice.(在介词后面不用who)
3.which指物,在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略。
Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.(做主语)
Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.(做宾语)
4.that既可指人也可指物。
指人时,相当于who或者whom;
指物时,相当于which。
在定语从句中作主语或宾语,做宾语时常省略。
Thepeoplethat/whocometovisitthecityareallhere.(做主语,指代人)
Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning?
(做宾语,指代人)
Thepicturethatisonthewallcostmuch.(做主语,指代物
DidyouseethecomputerthatIboughtyesterday?
(做宾语,指代物)
5.whose通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语,后面要紧跟被修饰的名词。
Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.
Ilivedinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin.
whose指物时,常用以下结构来代替
Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.
=Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.
Doyoulikethebookwhosecolorisyellow?
=Doyoulikethebookthecolorofwhichisyellow?
(批注:
此部分选讲)
检测题
(一):
单项选择
(
)1.----ThevolunteersaredoingagreatjobinYushu.
----Yes.Theyarehelpingthepeople___aresufferingfromtheearthquake.(2010扬州)
A.which
B.what
C./
D.who
)2.Theywanttodevelopakindadog-friendlyfood____willhelpdogownerscooldowntheirpets.(2010常州)
A.who
C.which
D.whether
)3.Thegirl_____wonthegoldmedalcomesfromBeijingSunshineSecondarySchool.(2010镇江)
B.which
C.what
D.whom
)4.OneofthemostinterestingplacesinYangzhou________areoftenvisitedbyforeignersistheWestSlenderLake.(2011扬州)
A.what
B.who
C.that
D./
)5.—Whoisyourfavouritewriter?
—MoYan.HeisthefirstChineseperson_________winstheNobelPrizeforLiterature.
A.whichB.whereC.thatD.whom
)6.—IlikethephotoItookonthebeachyesterday.Whatdoyouthinkofit?
—Well,reallynice!
A.whereB.whenC.whichD.who
)7.Wealllikethestoryabouttheteacherhappenedinourschoollastweek.
A.whatB.whoC.whomD.that
答案:
DCACCCD
知识点3:
关系代词的选用
一般情况下,
that既可以指人又可指物,可以代替who,whom和which,在从句中做主语,表语和谓语动词的宾语。
但不能放在介词后做介词的宾语;
which指物,在从句中做主语、表语或谓语动词及介词后的宾语;
who在从句中做主语、表语或宾语,whom在从句中做宾语,whose在句子中作定语。
注意:
whom为who的宾格形式。
具体用法如下:
1)that&
which
在下列情况下,定语从句中一般只用which引导:
(1)先行词为that,
those时,用which,
而不用that.
Eg:
What’s
that
which
under
the
desk?
在桌子底下的那些东西是什么?
(2)关系代词前有介词时,一般用which,而不用that.
This
room
in
he
lives.
这是他居住的房间。
(3)引导非限制性定语从句,用which,
Tom
came
back,
made
us
happy.
汤姆回来了,这使我们很高兴。
在下列情况下,定语从句中一般只用that引导:
(1)当先行词为everything,anything,nothing,all,none,few,little等词时,或当先行词被every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much等词修饰时:
Everythingthattheysaidwastrue.
Heisdeadandthere'
snothingthatcanbedone.
Therewaslittlethatwecoulddotohelpher.
Thesewallsareallthatremainoftheancientcity.
(2)当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。
Thefirstplace(that)theyvisitedinLondonwastheBigBen.
Shewasprobablythehardestworkingstudent(that)Ihaveevertaught.
(3)当先行词被thevery,theonly修饰时。
Thisistheverygrammarbook(that)Iwanttobuy.
Beautyistheonlything(that)Emilycanbeproudof.
(4)当先行词为who或前面有who,which等疑问代词时。
Whothathascommonsensewillbelievesuchnonsense
Whoisthemanthatisstandingbythegate?
WhichistheT-shirtthatfitsmemost?
(5)当先行词为人与事物或动物时。
Thedriverandhiscarthatfellintotheriverhavenotyetbeendiscovered.
批注:
定语从句需要注意做题顺序,首先找到主句的部分,然后剩余的部分则是定语从句的部分,所修饰的词即是先行词,若先行词是物,则在which和that中选择;
若先行词是人,则在who和that中选择。
但有时定语从句并不是紧跟着先行词,可能会被介词分开。
例如:
PleaseshowmethewatchofYaoMingwhichyourgrandmotherboughtyouasthebirthdaypresent.(thewatch为先行词)因为whichyourgrandmotherboughtyouasthebirthdaypresent所修饰的词不可能是YaoMing所以从句应该修饰的是thewatch.
2)who&
that
当先行词是人,但是与定语从句被其他词所分隔时,一般不能用that代替who
Don'
ttellanyoneaboutthesecretwhooughtn'
ttoknow.
Iwastheonlypersoninmyofficewhowasinvited.
用关系词who,which,that完成句子
1)Thefirstfilm______madeZhangZiyifamouswasdirectedbydirectorZhangYimou.
2)Adoctorisaperson____looksafterpeople’shealth.
3)Aplaneisamachine_____canfly.
1)that2)who/that3)that/which
Doyourememberthereportabouttheteacher_____wasreadbyourmonitorlastweek?
A.which
C.whom
例3:
Thereportandtheteacher_________disappearedhavenotyetbeenfound.
知识点四:
定语从句的主谓一致
定语从句中关系代词that,which,who所代替的先行词可以是单数,也可以是复数,且他们本身无单数和复数的变化。
如果它们在定语从句中作主语。
那么从句中谓语动词的数要与先行词的数保持一致。
I,whoamyourbestfriend,willdoallthatIcantohelpyou.
Thefamily,whoarefondofmusic,gototheconcertonceamonth.
HeisoneoftheboysinourclasswhospeakEnglishwell.
(oneof+复数名词+关系代词引导的定语从句谓语动词用复数形式)
HeistheonlyoneoftheboysinourclasswhospeaksEnglishwell.
(the(only)one
/theveryonetherightoneof+复数名词+关系代词引导的定语从句谓语动词用单数形式)
关于one的相关内容,可以作为衔接的知识和孩子讲解,具体地,老师根据孩子的情况进行删选。
Thesunlightweareallusedto_________(include)sevendifferentcolors.(2012无锡)
includes
Thewordsthatweshouldpayattentionto_______ontheblackboard.(08宿迁)
A.beingwritten
B.arewritten
C.iswriting
D.writing
B
翻译句子:
她就是给你儿子动手术的那个医生。
Sheisthedoctor________________________________________
who/thatoperatesonyourson
选用关系代词who,which或that连接下列句子。
1.Thebuildingisourschool./Thebuildingstandsbytheriver.
2.Thisisthenurse.Thenursecameherethismorning.
3.ThecomputerismadeinJapan.Myfatherboughtmeacomputer.
解析:
利用上面的规则,先行词在定语从句中不复出现,所以做连接句子题时,只需要找到相同的词,将其作为先行词即可。
1中重复的词时thebuilding所以以building作为先行词,standsbytheriver作为定语从句,而先行词是物,用that和which都可以。
以此类推。
1.Thebuildingthat/whichstandsbytheriverisourschool.
2.Thisisthenursethat/whocameherethismorning.
3.Thecomputerwhich/thatmyfatherboughtmeismadeinJapan.
二、专题过关
检测题
(二):
1.Ilovethiscity./Iwasborninthiscity.
__________________________________________________________________
2.Iamreadingabook.Myfatherboughtitformeasmybirthdaypresentyesterday.
3.Thewomanisspeakingatthemeeting.Thewomanismymother.
4.Themanisherbrother.Themanisstandingunderthetree.
5.BruceLeewasoneofthegreatestactors.Man