翻译练习Word格式文档下载.docx
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Withwaterlevelsfallingrapidlyatthepeakofthedryseason,agiantschoolofbass,atastyfishthatfetchesagoodpriceatmarkets,wasswimmingrightintothenetsbeingcastfromadozensmallcanoeshere.
“Withabitofluck,youcanmake$350onadaylikethis,”LauroSouzaAlmeida,aleaderofthelocalfishermen’scooperative,exultedashemovedintoposition.“Thatisafortuneforpeoplelikeus,”hesaid,theequivalentoffourmonthsattheminimumwageearnedbythosefortunateenoughtofindwork.
Buthoveringnearbywasalargecommercialfishingvessel,a“motherboat”equippedwithlargeicechestsforstorageandhaulingmorethanadozensmallercraft.Thecrewonboardwasjustwaitingfortheremainderofthefishtomoveintotheriver’smainchannel,wheretheyintendedtoscoopupasmanyastheycouldwiththeirefficientgillnets.
Asymbolofabundancetotherestoftheworld,theAmazonisexperiencingacrisisofoverfishing.Asstocksofthemostpopularspeciesdiminishtoworrisomelevels,tensionsaregrowingbetweensubsistencefishermenandtheircommercialrivals,whoareeagertoenrichtheirbottomlineandsatisfythegrowingappetiteforfishofcity-dwellersinBrazilandabroad.
Inresponse,peasantsupanddowntheAmazon,hereinBrazilandinneighboringcountrieslikePeru,areformingcooperativestocontrolfishcatchesandrestocktheirriversandlakes.Butthateffort,increasinglysuccessful,hasonlyencouragedthecommercialfishingoperations,aswellassomeofthepeasants’lessdisciplinedneighbors,tostepuptheirdepredations.
“Theindustrialfishingboats,thebig20-to30-tonvessels,theyhaveadifferentmentalitythanusartisanalfishermen,whohavelearnedtotaketheprotectionoftheenvironmentintoaccount,”saidthepresidentofthelocalfishermen’sunion.“Theywanttosweepeverythingupwiththeirdragnetsandthenmoveon,benefitingfromourworkandsacrificeandleavinguswithnothing.”
Topic1（选题一）
EversincetheeconomistDavidRicardoofferedthebasictheoryin1817,economicscripturehastaughtthatopentrade—freeoftariffs,quotas,subsidiesorothergovernmentdistortions—improvesthewell-beingofbothparties.U.S.policyhasimplementedthisdoctrinewithavengeance.Whyisfreetradesaidtobeuniversallybeneficial?
Theanswerisadoctrinecalled“comparativeadvantage”.
Here’sasimpleanalogy.Ifasurgeonishighlyskilledbothatdoingoperationsandperformingroutinebloodtests,it’smoreefficientforthesurgeontoconcentrateonthesurgeryandpayalessefficienttechniciantodothetests,sincethatallowsthesurgeontomakethemostefficientuseofherowntime.
Byextension,eveniftheUnitedStatesisefficientbothatinventingadvancedbiotechnologiesandattheroutinemanufactureofmedicines,itmakessensefortheUnitedStatestolettheproductionworkmigratetocountriesthatcanmakethestuffmorecheaply.Americansgetthebenefitofthecheaperproductsandgettospendtheirresourcesonevenmorevaluablepursuits,That,anyway,hasalwaysbeenthepremise.ButhereSamuelsondissents.Whatifthelowerwagecountryalsocapturestheadvancedindustry?
Ifenoughhigher-payingjobsarelostbyAmericanworkerstooutsourcing,hecalculates,thenthegainfromthecheaperpricesmaynotcompensateforthelossinU.S.purchasingpower.
“Freetradeisnotalwaysawin-winsituation,”Samuelsonconcludes.Itisparticularlyaproblem,hesays,inaworldwherelargecountrieswithfarlowerwages,likeIndiaandChina,areincreasinglyabletomakealmostanyproductorofferalmostanyserviceperformedintheUnitedStates.
IfAmericatradesfreelywiththem,thenthepowerfuldragoftheirfarlowerwillbegindraggingdownU.S.averagewages.TheU.S.economymaystillgrow,hecalculates,butatalowerratethanitotherwisewouldhave.
Topic2（选题二）
Uganda’seagernessforgenuinedevelopmentisreflectedinitsschoolchildren’ssmilesandinthefactthatsomanychildrenarenowgoingtoschool.Since1997,whenthegovernmentbegantoprovideuniversalprimaryeducation,totalprimaryenrollmenthadrisenfrom3millionto7.6millionin2004.Schoolshaveopenedwherenoneexistedbefore,althoughthereissomewaytogoinreachingthepoorestareasofthecountry.
Ugandahasalsomadestridesinsecondaryandhighereducation,tothepointthatitisattractingmanystudentsfromothercountries.Atthesecondarylevel,enrollmentisabove700,000,withtheprivatesectorprovidingthemajorityifschools.Forthosewhowanttotaketheireducationfurther,thereare12privateuniversitiesinadditiontothefourpubliclyfundedinstitutions,togetherproviding75,000places.
Educationisseenasavitalcomponentinthefightagainstpoverty.Thebattleforbetterhealthisanother,althoughitisonethatwilltakelongertowininacountrythatcarriesahighburdenofdisease,includingmalariaandAIDS.Here,thesolutionscanonlyarisefromacombinationofinternationalsupportandgovernmentdeterminationtocontinuespendingpublicmoneyonpreventivecareandbetterpublichealthinformation.
Currentgovernmentplantsincluderecruitingthousandsofnurses,increasingtheavailabilityofdrugsandbuilding200newmaternityunits.
Uganda’shighrateofpopulationgrowth,at3.6percentperannum,posesaspecialchallengeinthefightagainstpoverty,saysFinanceMinisterGeraldSsendaula,whopointsoutthatthefertilityrate,at6.9childrenperfemale,isthehighestinAfrica.
Thegovernment’snewlyrevisedPovertyEradicationActionPlan（PEAP）putsthe“restorationofsecurity”atthetopofthecurrentgovernmentagenda.ThisisbecauseitestimatesthatUgandahaslost3percentofitsgrossdomesticproducteachyearthattheconflicthaspersisted.Displacedpeoplearenotonlyafinancialburden,theyareunabletotheeconomy.
TheothercorechallengesidentifiedbytherevisedPEAParefindingwaystokeepthelowestincomegrowing,improvingthequalityofeducation,givingpeoplemorecontroloverthesizeoftheirfamiliesandusingpublicresourcestransparentlyandefficiently.Itisadocumentthatotherpoorcountriescouldlearnfrom.
Section2:
Chinese-EnglishTranslation（汉译英）（40points）
PartA“CompulsoryTranslation”andPartB“OptionalTranslations”whichcomprises“Topic1”and“Topic2”.TranslationthepassageinPartAandyourchoicefrompassageinPartBintoEnglish.Write“CompulsoryTranslation”aboveyourtranslationofPartAandwrite“Topic1”or“Topic2”aboveyourtranslationofthepassagefromPartB.Thetimeforthissectionis80minutes.
矿产资源是自然资源的重要组成部分，是人类社会发展的重要物质基础。
中国是世界上最早开发利用矿产资源的国家之一。
过去50年，中国在矿产资源勘探开发方面取得巨大成就。
这为中国经济的持续、快速、健康发展提供了重要保障。
中国政府高度重视可持续发展和矿产资源的合理利用，把可持续发展确定为国家战略，把保护资源作为可持续发展战略的重要内容。
中国是一个人口众多、资源相对不足的发展中国家。
中国主要依靠本国的矿产资源来保障现代化建设的需要。
同时，中国又积极引进国外资本和技术开发中国矿产资源，利用国外市场与国外矿产资源，并努力推动中国矿山企业和矿产品进入国际市场。
PartBOptionalTranslations（二选一题）（20points）
Topic1（选题一）
众所周知，鸟无翅膀不能飞，人无双腿不能走。
但对尹小星而言，鸟无翅膀不能飞，人无双腿却能走！
1970年出生于江苏一户农民家庭的尹小星，出生仅8个月就患小儿麻痹症并发急性肺炎。
虽然最终保住了命，他却再也不能站立。
因为身体残疾，初中毕业后小星不得不辍学。
生存的压力对他来说显得格外沉重，他贩过水果，养过鸡，还下功夫学习过中医。
在他21岁的时候，这个年轻人竟怀揣一幅地图，手持一个指南针，摇着轮椅踏上了走遍全中国的艰难路途。
近21年来小星手摇轮椅，足迹遍布31省、市、自治区，行程7万多公里，用坏了4部轮椅。
他实现了徒手攀登泰山、华山、衡山等20多座名山，孤身翻越海拔5231米的唐古拉山，手摇轮椅走过丝绸之路，穿越塔克拉玛干（Taklimakan）大沙漠，徒手攀登上海东方明珠电视塔，圆满完成从沙漠到香港的旅行。
长城是世界一大奇迹。
现在，每年都有几百万人到长城游览。
在旺季，几处最著名的景点总是让成群结队的游客挤得水泄不通。
中国人修筑城墙的历史久远，可以追溯到战国时期。
历史上，中国共修过大约20座长城。
在所有这些长城中，明长城最长，达到6700公里。
在当时，中国技术在世界上处于领先地位，因此明长城的结构也是最复杂的。
明长城的修筑是为了抵御北方游牧民族的入侵。
清朝建立后，由于它的建立者本身也是游牧民族，他们觉得没有必要继续修筑长城。
不过，清政府还是颁布法令对长城进行保护，禁止拆砖。
但是，岁月的流逝和连续战乱使人们易到之处遭到了严重的破坏。
十几年来，蓬勃发展的旅游业促进了长城的修缮工程。
目前，多处长城已经修复，或正在修缮中。
ThefirstoutlineofTheAscentofManwaswritteninJuly1969andthelastfootoffilmwasshotinDecember1972.Anundertakingaslargeasthis,thoughwonderfullyexhilarating,isnotenteredlightly.Itdemandsanunflaggingintellectualandphysicalvigour,atotalimmersion,whichIhadtobesurethatIcouldsustainwithpleasure;
forinstance,IhadtoputoffresearchesthatIhadalreadybegun;
andIoughttoexplainwhatmovedmetodoso.
Therehasbeenadeepchangeinthetemperofscienceinthelast20years:
thefocusofattentionhasshiftedfromthephysicaltothelifesciences.Asaresult,scienceisdrawnmoreandmoretothestudyofindividuality.Buttheinterestedspectatorishardlyawareyethowfar-reachingtheeffectisinchangingtheimageofmanthatsciencemoulds.Asamathematiciantrainedinphysics,Itoowouldhavebeenunaware,hadnotaseriesofluckychancestakenmeintothelifesciencesinmiddleage.Ioweadebtforthegoodfortunethatcarriedmeintotwoseminalfieldsofscienceinonelifetime;
andthoughIdonotknowtowhomthedebtisdue,IconceivedTheAscentofManingratitudetorepayit.
TheinvitationtomefromtheBritishBroadcastingCorporationwastopresentthedevelopmentofscienceinaseriesoftelevisionprogrammestomatchthoseofLordClarkonCivilization.Televisionisanadmirablemedium-forexpositioninseveralways:
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