On Heathcliffs Tragedy in Wuthering Heights浅析《呼啸山庄》希斯克利夫人生的悲剧Word格式.docx

On Heathcliffs Tragedy in Wuthering Heights浅析《呼啸山庄》希斯克利夫人生的悲剧Word格式.docx

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艾米莉.勃朗特在《呼啸山庄》中，以爱情为主题，讲述了催人泪下的爱情故事，得到世界各地读者的同情,与此同时，它又从一个侧面展现了人性与社会传统的冲突。

本文揭示了人性的复杂与深刻在于它所蕴含的爱与恨，而左右着人性的正是当时的社会传统。

本文探讨了小说中的人性与传统的冲突的产物--爱与恨--给小说主角希斯克利夫造成的人生悲剧。

在社会传统的影响下，当爱情产生了恨，而恨往往把人性扭曲了，而有了一场社会文明下的悲剧人性爱情故事。

而恰恰，希斯克利夫对凯瑟琳的爱就是这样。

在十九世纪那个“身份为先，金钱至上”的社会，希斯克利夫心中爱与恨的转变为他的一生划上了一个圆满的句号。

关键词：

希斯克利夫 

;

悲剧；

社会传统；

爱；

恨 

Abstract:

WutheringHeightsbyEmilyBronte,basedonlove,istear-jerkingandhascaughtthesympathiesofreadersallaroundtheworld.Thenoveldemonstratesthecollisionbetweenhumanityandthesocialconventions.Inittheauthorrevealsthehumanity’scomplexityandprofunditythatwasbasedontheloveandresentmentimpliedinthenovel,whichisimpactedbythetemporalsocialconventions.Thispaperexplorestheloveandhate——producingfromthecollisionbetweenhumanityandthesocialconventions，thatbringtheendoftheleadingrole,Heathcliff.Undertheimpactionofthesocialculture,whenloveturnstohate,hatetwistshumanity.Therefore,humanity’slovetragediescomeintobeing.SoisthecaseofHeathcliff’slovetowardsCatherine.Inthenineteenthcentury,whenpeoplestucktotheprinciple“Statusisfirst,moneyisGod”,thechangeofloveandresentmentofHeathcliffdrawaperfectendingofhislife.

Keywords：

Heathcliff;

Tragedy;

SocialConventions;

Love;

Hate

Contents

1.Introduction…………………………………………………………………………

2.TheTragediesofHeathcliff…………………………………………………………

2.1.Pré

cisoftheNovels…………………………………………………………………

2.2.TheTragediesofHeathcliff’sLove……………………………………………………

2.2.1.thesocialconventions……………………………………………………………

2.2.2.theloveofthepairs………………………………………………………………

a.Heathcliff’slovetoCatherineintheirchildhood…………………………………

b.Heathcliff’slovetoCatherineaftershegotmarried……………………………

c.Heathcliff’slovetoCatherineafterherdeath……………………………………

2.3.TheTragediesofHeathcliff”sHate……………………………………………………

2.3.1.Heathcliff’srevengetowardsCatherine……………………………………………

2.3.2.Heathcliff’srevengetowardsthenextgeneration…………………………………

3.Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………

Acknowledgement…………………………………………………………………………

Bibliography…………………………………………………………………………

1.Introduction

WutheringHeightsisanexquisitetreasureinthegalleryoftheworldliterature.Eversinceitspublication,ithasattractedtheattentionoftheworldandsprungnumerousstudiesonitstheme,structure,characterization,delvingofhumanpsychologies,explorationsinsocialproblemsandwritingtechniques.

WutheringHeightsistheonlynovelwrittenbyEmilyBronte（1818-1848）,animpassioned,spellbindingtaleconsideredtobeoneofthegreatestliteraryworksofalltime.Thestoryisanamalgamationofchildhoodfantasies,friendship,romanceandrevenge.Thestory—asturbulentasitstitlesuggests—transportsthereadertotheNorthYorkshiremoorstowitnessthedramaoftheEarnshawsandtheLintons,andthevolatile,yetspiritual,relationshipofCatherineandHeathcliff.AsArnoldKettle,theEnglishcritic,said,“WutheringHeightsisanexpressionintheimaginativetermsofartofthestressesandtensionsandconflicts,personalandspiritual,ofnineteenth-centurycapitalistsociety.”（ArnoldKettle）ThecharactersofWutheringHeightsshowtheextremeloveandextremehatredofhumanity.TheprotagonistHeathcliff,whoisdesertedbythecapitalistsociety,inthecourseofprotestingandfightingagainstsocialforcesandclassdifference,turnsoutatragedy.

Thisessayisattendingtoprobeintothenovelontheaspectsoftheleadingrole—Heathcliff’stragedy,inthehopeofachievingdeeperunderstandingandbroadeningthevisionoverliteratureappreciationofthenovel.

2.TheTragediesofHeathcliff

cisoftheNovels

WutheringHeightsissetinadestitutewastelandinEngland.WutheringHeightsandThrushcrossGrangearenearneighbors.Mr.Earnshaw,oldmasterofWutheringHeights,adoptsanorphanandchristenshim“Heathcliff”.HeathcliffisblessedwitholdEarnshaw’sspecialfavor.HisdaughterCatherinesoonbecomeaconstantplaymateofHeathcliff,butherbrotherHindleyhateshimforusurpinghisfather’sallaffections.AfteroldEarnshaw’spassingaway,Hindley,newmasteroftheHeights,reducesHeathclifftoaservant.However,CatherineandHeathcliffremainaddictedtoandholdindispensableaffectionstoeachother.Butthingschange,whenCatherinebreaksintotheLintonsintheThrushcrossGrange,Sheisuncontrollablyfascinatedbythecivilizedcircle,whichleadstocontroversybetweenherandHeathciff.FinallyCatherinedecidestomarryEdgarLinton;

shethoughtthatshecould,invirtueofthismarriage,helpupgradeHeathcilfffromHindley’storture.ButHeathcliffrunsaway.Catherinefallsgravelyill.SomehowsherecoversandlatermarriesEdgar.Afterthreeyears,Heathcilffreturnsinthedisguiseofafineandaprosperousgentleman.HetakespossessionoftheHeightsbyseducingHindleytogamble.HemarriesEdgar’syoungersisterIsabellabutgivesherinfernaltorment.Meanwhile,Catherine,unabletostandtheconflictbetweenHeathcilffandEdgar,suffersaparoxysm.Afterherdeliverytoherdaughter,youngCatherineLinton,shedies,inastateofbabelism.EdgarandHeathcliffbothsufferunspeakableagonyandcutoffconnectionbetweenthetwofamilies.HindleydiessoonafterCatherine,hissonHaretonleftunderthemaltreatmentofHeathcliff.Whenthesecondgenerationgrowsup,HeathcliffforcesyoungCatherinetomarryhissonLintonHeathcliffwhoisincurablyweek.Edgardiesofillness.YoungLintonfollowssoon.HeathcliffgrabstheGrange.However,revengedoesnotbringhimpeaceandbliss.IncessantlyhauntedbythephantomofandyearningforCatherine,heendshislifefinally.Thetwohousesarerestoredtothelawfulmasterandancientstock,HaretonEarnshawandCatherineLinton,whohavefalleninloveandgetmarriedlater.

2.2.TheTragediesofHeathcliff’sLove

Apparently,WutheringHeightsisalovetragedy.TheauthoressputallherheartsintothedepictionofHeathcliff.TheplotsstructureofthenovelisalsodescribedinaccordancewithHeathcliff’slove,hate,revengeandtherecoveryofhumannature.

Heathcliffistheunityofcontradictionofgoodnessandbadness.WhenappraisingHeathcliffandhisbarbarity,ifwecannoticeeveryaspectofhispersonalityfully,andconsiderhisirritableinstinctandthedeepbrandwhichhisgrowingenvironmentbringtothepersonalityofhimfully,wecansayHeathcliffisasoultwistedpersonwithtrue,nourishedstrongloveandhatred,anditistheloveandthehatredthatbringtheendofHeathcliff’sdeath.ThetragediesofHeathcliffarethetragediesofloveandthetragediesofhate.

CatherineandHeathcliffaresuchintimateswiththesameworldoutlook.Theyarebothchildrenofthewild,rebellionstotheconventionaletiquettes.Theirloveasanemotionalbondisforgedinresponsetotheirill-treatment.AsstatedbyQiaoDongyue,“AsCatherineandHeathcliffinWutheringHeights,whentheyliveinthesolitaryandsorrowfulplace,theywellunderstandthefatesofeachotherandriseinrebelliononthebasisoftheircommonrateandfeeling.”（QiaoDongyue21）ThisideaisbestexpressedfromthesocialviewpointofArnoldKettleinhisintroductiontotheEnglishnovel.“AgainstthisdegradationCatherineandHeathcliffrebel,hurlingtheirbooksintothedog-kettle.Andintheirrevolttheydiscoverdeepandpassionateneedofeachother.He,theoutcastslummy,turnstothelively,spirited,fearlessgirlwhoaloneoffershimhumanunderstandingandcomradeship.Andshe,bornintotheworldofWutheringHeights,sensesthattoachieveafullhumanity,tobetruetoherselfasahumanbeing,shemustassociateherselftotallywithhiminhisrebellionagainstthetyrannyinvolve.”（ArnoldKettle）

However,thecouplesdonothaveahappyendingundertheoppressinganddistressingclasssociety,butturnsoutatragedy.

2.2.1.Thesocialconventions

AsEngelshaspointedout,inhierarchysociety,marriageisapoliticaldealing,anopportunitytoextendone’sinfluencebydintofwedlock.Thefunctioningfactoristhebenefitoftheclanratherthanindividual’sownwill.ConsideringthesocialbackgroundandthegreatdisparitybetweenCatherineandHeathcliff,theloveofthecoupleisdoomedtofail.

Inthefirstplace,asisknowntoall,thesettingofthenovel,WutheringHeights,isintheearly19century,whenUKwasaclassicpatriarchysocietywithastrongsenseofhierarchyandclasscontradictiondividedhumanintoseverallevels.Thenoblemanisenormouslyproudoftheirsuccess,fullofthetemporalrankconcept.Statusisfirst,moneyisGod.People’sspiritssufferfromtheintenseoppression.Humanityistwistedwithoutmercy.

Besidestheprevailingnotionofmarriageinthattimeemphasizespowerandmoney.Wealthandsocialstatueareyardsticksofall.Itwasthewooer’swealthandstatusthatdecidedthesuccessorfailureofone’smarriage,whichshouldbewell-matched.

Therefore,inthenovel,Headthcliffcomesfromthelowerclassandbecauseofthis,theLintonfamilymakeshimfeelsunworthyofCatherine.AlthoughHeathcliffandCatherinearechummy,thereisactuallyanunscalabledisparityinstatuesbetweenthem.Hindley’soppressiononHeathcliffisthecommenceoftheirnightmare.Theinequalityheinsistsonthemeliminatesthepossibilityoftheirmarriage.EvenJoseph,theoldsinner,actuallyahypocriteratherthanapiouspilgrim,looksdownuponHeathcliffinthenameofloyaltyforthelegitimatestockoftheoldhouse.

Then,intheVictorianperiod,womenwereequivalentofjettonth