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1-2Essentialpointsofconceptsofimmunology
CHATPTERTWOANTIGEN
2-1Basicconceptandtypesofantigen
2-2Themolecularbaseofantigen
2-3Theimmunologicalfeaturesofantigen
2-4Invasiveandinfectiousantigens
CHAPTERTHREEANTIBODIES
3-1Structuresandclassesofimmunoglobulins
3-2Thegeneofimmunoglobulins
3-3Synthesisandsecretionofimmunoglobulins
CHAPTERFOURCOMPLEMENTSYSTEM
4-1Compositionandphysiochemicalpropertiesofcomplementsystem
4-2Complementactivation
4-3Thecontrolofcomplementreactionandbiologicaleffectofcomplements
4-4Biosynthesisofcomplementandcomplementdeficiency
CHAPTERFIVECELLS,TISSUESANDORGANSOFIMMUNESYSTEM
5-1Thestructureandfunctionoforgansandlymphoidtissueandorgans
5-2Thecellsinimmunesystem
CHAPTERSIXMAJORHISTOCOMPATIBILITYCOMPLEX
6-1Structureandfunctionofmajorhistocompatibilityantigen
6-2Genestructureandgeneticsofmajorhistocompatibiltycomplex
6-3ThePrincipleandapplicationofdetectionforMHC
CHAPTERSEVENANTIGEN-ANTIBODYREACTIONANDITSAPPLICATION
7-1Antibodypreparations
7-2Theprincipleofantigen-antibodyreaction
7-3Commontechniquesinimmuno-analysis
CHAPTEREITHTCELLMEDIATEDIMMUNERESPONSE
8-1Basicconceptforimmuneresponse
8-2Thebasicprocessofimmuneresponse,
8-3Cellapoptosisandimmunity
CHAPTERNINEIMMUNEREGULATION
9-1Theregulationofantigenandantibodyintheimmuneresponse
9-2Theregulatoryeffectofimmunecellsinimmuneresponse
9-3InterleukinsandImmuneregulation
9-4Immunetolerance
CHAPTERTENHYPERSENSITIVITY
10-1TypeIHypersensitivity
10-2TypeIIHypersensitivity(CytotoxicHypersensitivity)
10-3TypeIIIHypersensitivity(Immunecomplexhypersensitivity)
10-4TypeIVHypersensitivity(DelayedTypeHypersensitivity)
CHAPTERELEVENABNORMALIMMUNERESPONSES
11-1Autoimmuneresponse
11-2TransplantationImmunology
11-3Anti-tumorImmunology
11-4Immunologicdeficiency
CHAPTERTWELVETHEEVOLUTIONOFIMMUNESYSTEM
12-1Theimmunityofinvertebrateanimals
12-2Theimmuneevolutionofvertebrateanimals
CHAPTERONEINTRODUCTION(绪言)
1-1-1Infectionandimmunityofdiseases
1-1-2FoundationanddevelopmentofthedisciplineofImmunology
1-1-3RecentdevelopmentofImmunology
1-2-1Innateimmunityandacquiredimmunity
1-2-2Immuneresponse
1-2-3Immunologyandpracticallyapplications
1-2-4BranchesofImmunologyandtheirdevelopment
Theterm“IMMUNITY”,originally,andmightstillbeconsideredbypeople,meanstheabilityofhosttoresistancetoinfectiousdisease.However,themodernconceptofimmunityisconferringthehostthespecificfunctiontorecognizeandneutralizeand/oreliminateforeignmaterialsorsubstances(biologicalornon-biological,andevensometimeselftissuecomponents)tomaintainthehomeostasisofhostinternalenvironment.
Immunityincludesinnateimmunityandacquiredimmunity,theformerisinherent,veryquick,andnon-specificrespondtoinvasivepathogens;
whereasthelatterisacquiredandadaptedafterbirthofhost,andinducedspecificrespondtoforeignmaterial(infectiousornoninfectious).
TheImmunologyisastudytofocusingonhowofhosttorecognitionofselfandnon-self,andhowoftheresponsetoforeignmaterial(Antigen)and
1-1-1Infectionofandimmunitytodiseases
Fetalepidemicdisease,smallpox(variola),deadratebysmallpox30-40%;
killedmillionsofpeoplesinthisglobebeforenineteenthcentury.
FromSongDynastyChinesedoctorinvestedatechniquecalledvariolation(人痘接种法)topreventchildrenfromsmallpox
1798,anyoungdoctorinEngland,Jenner,createdanewmethod,vaccination(牛痘接种法),topreventthechildrenfromsmallpox,andfinally,byusingthisveryeffectivetechnique,thesmallpox,afatalepidemicdiseasehasbeeneliminatedintheworld,statedbytheWHOin1979.
orbilitysmallpox,measles
(,thypho,cholera(伤寒),anthrax
鼠疫鼠疫,疟疾malaria
(1)1.Foundationofimmunology
(1)LouisPasteur,wasafamousbiochemistinFrancein19thcentury,contributedhislotsofefforttoimmunizationtopreventanimalandhumanfromseveralseriousdiseases(cholera霍乱,anthrax炭疽,rabies(狂犬病)---vaccination---activeimmunization
(2).Developmentofexperimentalimmunology
1-1-3RecentdevelopmentofImmunology
(1).Humoralimmunology,
(2).Cellularimmunology
1-2-2immuneresponse
Basicconceptordefinitionfortheterm“IMMUNITY”,originally,andusuallystillbeconsideredbycommonpeople,meanstheabilityofhosttoresistancetoinfectiousdisease.However,atpresent,themodernconceptofimmunity,isconferringthehostspecificfunctionstorecognizeandfinalneutralizeand/oreliminateforeignmaterialsorsubstances(biologicalornon-biological,andevensometimeself)tomaintainthehomeostasisofhostinternalenvironment.
Immunityincludeinnateimmunityandacquiredimmunity,theformerisinherent,veryquick,andnon-specificrespondtoinvasivepathogens;
(,thypho,cholera(伤寒)霍乱,anthrax炭疽
CHATPTERTWOANTIGEN(抗原)
2-1-1antigenandimmunogen
2-1-2classes/typesofantigen
2-2-1chemicalfeaturesofantigen
2-2-2antigendeterminants
2-3-1Theexogenicityofantigen
2-3-2Therelationofimmunogenecitytoindividualandimmunizationmanner
2-3-3Thespecificityofantigenandimmuno-predominanceofantigen
2-3-4Theimmunologicfeatureofhapten
2-4-1Bacteria
2-4-2Fungi
2-4-3virus
2-4-3Virus
CHAPTERTHREEANTIBODIES(抗体)
3-1StructuresandclassesofImmunoglobulins
3-1-1Thebasicstructureofantibodies
3-1-2Classesandtypesofimmunoglobulins
3-2-1Thegenestructuresofimmunoglobulins
3-2-2Rearrangementandexpressionofimmunoglobulingenes
3-2-3Thediversityofimmunoglobulingenes
3-3Synthesisandsecretionofimmunoglobulin
3-3-1Humoralimmuneresponseandtheproductionofantibodies
3-3-2Expression,assembleandsecretionofimmunoglobulin
CHAPTERFOURCOMPLEMENTSYSTEM(补体系统)
4-1-1Nomenclatureofcomplementcomponents
4-1-2Thephysiochemicalpropertiesofcomplementcomponents
4-2-1TheClassicalpathwayofcomplementactivation
4-2-2Thelectinpathwayofcomplementactivation
4-2-3Thealternativepathwayofcomplementactivation.
4-2-4Membranelysingcomplexformationinlatephaseofcomplementactivation
4-2-5Comparisonofthreepathwaysincomplementactivation
4-3-1Regulatingproteinofcomplementactivationinserum
4-3-2Regulateproteinonthesurfaceofcellmembrane
4-3-3Complementreceptors
4-3-4Thebiologicalfunct