初中易混词汇辨析Word文件下载.docx
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noise噪音Ihatetheloudnoiseoutside.
6.photo,picture,drawing,painting
photo用照相机拍摄的照片,picture可指相片,图片,电影片Let'
sgoandseeagoodpicture;
drawing画的画,主要是线条形的,如工程图;
painting指(如油彩类)绘画
7.vocabulary,word
vocabulary词汇,一个人拥有的单词总量,word具体的单词:
Hehasalargevocabulary.
8.population,people
population人口,人数Chinahasalargepopulation.;
people具体的人,民族TheChineseareagreatpeople.
What’sthepopulationofyourcountry?
Howlargeisthepopulationofyourcountry.
9.weather,climate
weather具体的天气状况,climate气候状况Theclimatehereisnotgoodforyou.
10.road,street,path,way
road具体的公路,马路。
street街道。
path小路,小径。
way道路,做事情的“做法”//takethisroad;
inthestreet;
showmethewaytothemuseum.
11.course,subject
course课程(课程表中的所有subject),subject科目(具体的学科)Mathisherbestsubject
12.custom,habit
①custom[c/u]即有时指“一种”风俗、习俗而有时指风俗的“统称”。
thecustomofdoingsth.如thecustomofkissingundermistletoe;
但它也可指个人的生活习惯,不过往往侧重指一种有规律的行为,而并非一个人那种无意识的“习惯”OnWednesdayevening,aswashiscustom,hewentdowntothevillage.②habit生活习惯,习惯成自然,后接ofdoing.I'
vegotthehabitofdrinkingalot.
13.cause,reason
thecause(s)
of=...的原因;
thecause
f=...
的理由;
Thecauseoftheexplosionhasnotbeenexplained.
Youhavenocauseforcomplaint.(=tocomplain.)
汶川地震的(原因V)(理由X)是什么呢?
Whatisthecause
oftheWenchuanearthquake?
reason(s)forsth./doingsth.(做)...的理由
thereasonforbeinglate
Couldyouexplainyourreasonsforchoosingthisparticularcourse?
forreasons
of...由于...的原因,出于什么的考虑
14.exercise,exercises,practice
exercise运动,锻炼(不可数)。
exercises作业,但做体操也是:
gymnasticexercises体操,spellingexercises拼写练习。
practice(遵循某理论或教导而做,有时是反复做的)练习Practicemakesperfect的
15.class,lesson
作"
课"
解时,两者大致可以替换amathematicsclass/lesson;
aclass/lessoninmathematics都可以说.指课文用lesson.指班级或全体学生用class。
如lesson6;
class5
16.speech,talk,lecture
speech指在公共场所所做的经过准备的较正式的演说,talk日常生活中的一般的谈话,讲话,但国际性的、围绕某问题举行的会谈也用talk,如六方会谈six-partytalk;
lecture学术性的演讲,讲课alectureonDickens
17.officer,official
officer单独用指陆海空军官,警官;
official主要指政府官员anarmyofficer/agovernmentofficial
18.work,job
二者均指工作。
work不可数,job可数agoodjob/outofajob/outofjobs/outofwork
19.couple,pair
couple主要指人或动物,pair多指由两部分组成的东西apairoftrousers。
夫妇多用couple(也可用pair);
合作伙伴多用pair
/acoupleof几个
20.country,nation,state,land
①country侧重指版图,疆域;
②nation指人民,国民,民族;
③state侧重指政府,政体;
④land国土,国家(有点诗意)ThewholenationwassadattheearthquakeofWenchuan.
21.cook,cooker
cook厨师,cooker厨具Heisagoodcook.
22.damage,damages
damage不可数名词,损害,损失;
damages复数形式,赔偿金$900damages
23.police,policeman
police警察的总称,后接复数谓语动词,policeman指某个具体的警察Thepolicearequestioningeveryoneinthehouse.
24.problem,question,issue
problem常和困难(故障)联系,前面的动词常为thinkabout,solve,raise。
question常和疑问联系,多和ask,answer连用。
problemwiththemachine不太用of./
issure实际=事务||environmentalproblem/issue意思不一样
25.man,aman
man人类,aman一个男人Manwillconquernature.
man与mankind前都不用the
26.chick,chicken
二者均可指小鸡,chicken还可以当鸡肉Thechickenisdelicious.Doyoulikedogs/dog?
(喜欢狗/狗肉?
)
27.telegram,telegraph
ShallI______(打电话)ortelephone?
telegram多作可数名词用,如:
Hereceivedatelegramsayingthathismotherhaddied.而telegraph既能作名词又能作动词用,本题选telegraph。
28.travel,trip,tour,journey,voyage
travel总称。
trip注重办事,后接to如abusinesstriptoShanghai;
tour注重游玩,后接of。
journey指稍长的旅途。
voyage指乘船的航行,如spacevoyage.
29.sport,game
sport多指户外的游戏或娱乐活动,如打球,游泳,打猎,赛马等Hisfavoritesportisswimming;
game指决定胜负的游戏,通常有一套规则
30.price,prize,award,reward
price价格Thepriceishigh/low.;
prize(竞赛类)的奖,奖品,奖金winthefirstprize;
award经评委选出的奖,但TheNobelPrize是个例外;
给你老妈擦了地板之类,具体付出具体所得的奖赏,就是reward。
31.anumberof,thenumberof
anumberof许多,谓语动词用复数。
thenumberof…这个数字…,谓语动词用单数。
Thenumberofstudentsisincreasing.
32.infrontof,inthefrontof
infrontof范围外的前面,inthefrontof范围内的前面Inthefrontoftheclassroomstandsthestrictteacher.(教室内前)
33.oftheday,ofaday
oftheday每一天的,当时的,当代的,ofaday暂时的,不长久的afamousscientistoftheday
34.threeofus,thethreeofus
threeofus我们(不止三个)中的三个,thethreeofus我们三个(就三个人)Thethreeofus---Tom,JackandIwenttothecinema.
35.bybus,onthebus
bybus表手段,方式,不用冠词。
onthebus表所乘具体的车辆,或表范围Theycamehereonthisbus.(bybusx)
36.foramoment,forthemoment
foramoment片刻,一会儿,forthemoment暂时,一时Thinkingforamoment,heagreed.
37.nextyear,thenextyear
nextyear将来时间状语,thenextyear过去将来时间状语(如常用于间接引语)Hewillcomeherenextyear./Hesaidhewouldgoabroadthenextyear.
38.morethanayear,morethanoneyear
morethanayear一年多,morethanoneyear超过一年(两年或三年等)
39.takeadvice,takethe(one'
s)advice
takeadvice征求意见,taketheadvice接受忠告Herefusedtotaketheadviceandfailedagain.
40.takeair,taketheair
takeair传播,走漏,taketheair到户外去,散步Wetaketheaireveryday.
41.inaword,inwords,inword
inaword总之,一句话Inaword,youareright;
inwords=inword口头上(inpractice实践上)Heshouldbeafriendinpractice,notonlyinword/Or,Heshouldbeafriendindeedaswellasinword.inwords口语化,inword文学化些。
42.inplaceof,intheplaceof
inplaceof代替≈takesb.'
splace代替某人;
intheplaceof在…地方Anewbuildingisbuiltintheplaceoftheoldone.
43.insecret,inthesecret
insecret秘密地,暗自地,偷偷地,一般用作状语;
inthesecret知道内情,知道秘密,一般用作表语Mymotherwasinthesecretfromthebeginning.
44.agirl,onegirl
agirl可泛指所有女孩,onegirl一个女孩Canonegirlcarrysuchabigbox?
One在这种用法中常强调数量意味(见38条)
45.takeachair,takethechair
takeachair相当于sitdown坐下,takethechair开始开会,做主席ThenewsthatKeefeistotakethechaircomes
46.gotosea,bysea,bythesea
gotosea当海员,出航,bysea乘船,由海路,bythesea在海边gobysea
47.thedoctorandteacher,thedoctorandtheteacher
thedoctorandteacher指一个人,既是医生又是老师;
thedoctorandtheteacher两个人,一个医生和一个老师。
(有时作为特别强调,也指一个人)
慢——(快)(南)——(北)(古)——(今)闲——(忙)
(4)、()一边()一边()。
弯弯的小河(月儿、小船)有趣的问题难忘的日子51.inclass,intheclass
inclass在课上,intheclass在班级里Heisthebeststudentintheclass.
52.onfire,onthefire
onfire着火,onthefire在火上Putthefoodonthefire.Thehouseisonfire.
53.outofquestion,outofthequestion
outofquestion毫无疑问的,outofthequestion不可能的(记法:
opportunity可能性,长的那个词组与可能性有关)
54.asecond,thesecond
asecond又一,再一,thesecond第二的Hewonthesecondprize.
55.byday,bytheday
byday白天,bytheday按天计算Theworkersarepaidbytheday.
56.thepeople,apeople
thepeople指人,apeople指民族TheChineseisapeace-lovingpeople.
57.it,one
it同一物体,one同类不同一Ilostmypen.Ihavetobuyanewone.
58.that,this
that指代上文所提到的,this导出下文所要说的Iwasill.That'
swhy…
59.none,nothing,noone
一般情况下,nothing回答what问句;
nobody和noone回答who问句;
none回答howmany或howmuch问句。
①—What’sinthebox?
盒子里有什么?
—Nothing.什么也没有。
②—Whoisintheclassroom?
谁在教室里?
—Nobody/Noone.没有人。
③—Howmanypeoplearethereinthepark?
公园里有多少人?
—None.没有人。
60.anyone,anyone
1.anyone仅指人,anyone既可指人,也可指物。
如:
Wouldanyonelikeadrink?
谁想喝一杯吗?
Idon’twanttowasteanyone’stime.我不想浪费任何人的时间。
Hetoldhernottotellanyone.他告诉她不要告诉任何人。
—Whichpendoyouwant?
你要哪支钢笔?
—Anyonewilldo.随便哪一支都行
2.anyone后不能接表示范围的of短语,而anyone后可接表示范围的of短语。
Idon’tknowanyoneofthem.他们中我一个也不认识。
Anyoneofuscouldfailintheexam.我们当中的任何一个都可能考试不及格。
3.anyone不能用作定语修饰名词,而anyone可以用作定语修饰名词。
Youcanborrowanyonevideoatatime.你一次可以借任何一盘录像带。
Ican’tpointtoanyoneparticularreasonforit.那件事我找不出具体原因来。
4.anyone可以受形容词的修饰,且修饰语于anyone之后;
而anyone很少受形容词的修饰,若语义上需要,应将修饰语置于any与one之间。
Didyouseeanyoneelsethere?
你在那里看到其他的人吗?
Haveyouseenanyone[anybody]famous?
你见过名人吗?
Anyredonewilldo.任何一个红色的都可以。
61.who,what
who指姓名或关系,what指职业或地位Whatisyourdad?
Heisateacher.
62.what,which
what的选择基础是无限制的,which在一定范围内进行选择Whichdoyouprefer,bananasorapples?
63.other,another
other后接名词复数,another后接名词单数otherstudents,anotherstudent
64.notalittle,notabit
notalittle非常,notabit一点也不I'
mnotabittired.我一点儿也不累。
65.many,much,alotof
many和可数名词连用,much和不可数名词连用,alotof可数,不可数均可,但不用于否定句Ihaven'
tmanybooks.
66.muchmore…than,manymore…than
muchmore…than后接形容词或不可数名词,manymore…than后接可数名词manymorepeople,muchmorewater,muchmorebeautiful
67.no,not
no=nota/any;
nofriend=nota/anyfriend;
nowater=notanywater
68.nomorethan,notmorethan
nomorethan相当于only,仅仅,只有,notmorethan至多,不超过
69.majority,most
majority只能修饰可数名词,most可数不可数均可themajorityofpeople
70.byoneself,foroneself,tooneself,ofoneself
byoneself单独的,独自的,foroneself为自己,tooneself供自己用的,ofoneself自行的,自动的Thedooropenedofitself.
71.atall,afterall
atall根本,全然;
afterall到底,毕竟Afterallheisachild.
72.tall,high
tall常指人或动物等细长类东西,high常指基础大的物体Heistall.
73.fast,rapid,quickly
fast具有速度快的特点,但不一定动了,如停的飞机;
rapid一般指本身在动的,如河流,进步;
quickly往往与人反应相关runfast,answerthequestionquickly
74.high,highly
high具体的高,highly抽象的高,高度的thinkhighlyof
75.healthy,healthful
healthy健康的(指一种长期状态),healthful有益于健康的healthfulexercise总用keephealthy.He'
shealthy.(V)
He'
shealthytoday.(X)Hisbodyishealthy.
76.sleeping,asleep,sleepy
sleeping正在睡觉,asleep睡着