初中易混词汇辨析Word文件下载.docx

1、noise噪音I hate the loud noise outside.6. photo, picture, drawing, paintingphoto用照相机拍摄的照片，picture可指相片，图片，电影片Lets go and see a good picture ；drawing画的画，主要是线条形的，如工程图；painting 指（如油彩类）绘画7. vocabulary, wordvocabulary词汇，一个人拥有的单词总量，word具体的单词：He has a large vocabulary.8. population, peoplepopulation人口，人数China

2、 has a large population.；people具体的人,民族The Chinese are a great people.Whats the population of your country?How large is the population of your country.9. weather, climateweather具体的天气状况，climate气候状况The climate here is not good for you.10. road, street, path, wayroad具体的公路，马路。street街道。path小路，小径。way道路，做事情

3、的“做法” / take this road；in the street；show me the way to the museum.11. course, subjectcourse课程（课程表中的所有subject），subject科目（具体的学科）Math is her best subject12. custom, habitcustom c/u 即有时指“一种”风俗、习俗而有时指风俗的“统称”。the custom of doing sth.如the custom of kissing under mistletoe；但它也可指个人的生活习惯，不过往往侧重指一种有规律的行为，而并非一

4、个人那种无意识的“习惯”On Wednesday evening, as was his custom, he went down to the village. habit生活习惯，习惯成自然，后接of doing. Ive got the habit of drinking a lot.13. cause, reasonthe cause（s） of =. 的原因； the cause f =. 的理由；The cause of the explosion has not been explained.You have no cause for complaint. （= to compl

5、ain.）汶川地震的（原因V）（理由X） 是什么呢？What is the cause of the Wenchuan earthquake?reason（s）for sth./doing sth.（做）.的理由the reason for being lateCould you explain your reasons for choosing this particular course?for reasons of. 由于.的原因，出于什么的考虑14. exercise, exercises, practiceexercise运动，锻炼（不可数）。exercises作业,但做体操也是:

6、gymnastic exercises体操，spelling exercises拼写练习。practice（遵循某理论或教导而做，有时是反复做的）练习Practice makes perfect的15. class, lesson作课解时,两者大致可以替换a mathematics class/lesson；a class/lesson in mathematics都可以说.指课文用lesson.指班级或全体学生用class。如lesson 6; class 516. speech, talk, lecturespeech指在公共场所所做的经过准备的较正式的演说，talk日常生活中的一般的谈话

7、，讲话，但国际性的、围绕某问题举行的会谈也用talk,如六方会谈six-party talk；lecture学术性的演讲，讲课a lecture on Dickens17. officer, officialofficer 单独用指陆海空军官，警官；official主要指政府官员an army officer/ a government official18. work, job二者均指工作。work不可数，job可数a good job / out of a job/ out of jobs/ out of work19. couple, paircouple主要指人或动物，pair多指由两

8、部分组成的东西a pair of trousers。夫妇多用couple（也可用pair）；合作伙伴多用pair /a couple of 几个20. country, nation, state, landcountry侧重指版图，疆域；nation指人民，国民，民族；state侧重指政府，政体；land国土，国家（有点诗意）The whole nation was sad at the earthquake of Wenchuan.21. cook, cookercook厨师，cooker厨具He is a good cook.22. damage, damagesdamage不可数名词,

9、损害，损失; damages复数形式,赔偿金$900 damages23. police, policemanpolice警察的总称，后接复数谓语动词，policeman指某个具体的警察The police are questioning everyone in the house.24. problem, question，issueproblem常和困难（故障）联系，前面的动词常为think about, solve, raise。question常和疑问联系，多和ask, answer连用。problem with the machine不太用of. / issure 实际= 事务 |e

10、nvironmental problem / issue意思不一样25. man, a manman人类，a man一个男人Man will conquer nature.man与mankind前都不用the26. chick, chicken二者均可指小鸡，chicken还可以当鸡肉The chicken is delicious. Do you like dogs / dog? （喜欢狗/狗肉？）27. telegram, telegraphShall I_（打电话）or telephone?telegram多作可数名词用，如：He received a telegram saying t

11、hat his mother had died.而telegraph既能作名词又能作动词用，本题选telegraph。28. travel, trip, tour, journey, voyagetravel总称。trip注重办事，后接to如a business trip to Shanghai；tour注重游玩，后接of。journey指稍长的旅途。voyage指乘船的航行，如space voyage.29. sport, gamesport多指户外的游戏或娱乐活动，如打球，游泳，打猎，赛马等His favorite sport is swimming；game指决定胜负的游戏，通常有一套规

12、则30. price, prize，award, rewardprice价格The price is high/low.；prize（竞赛类）的奖，奖品，奖金win the first prize；award经评委选出的奖，但The Nobel Prize是个例外；给你老妈擦了地板之类，具体付出具体所得的奖赏，就是reward。31. a number of, the number ofa number of许多，谓语动词用复数。the number of这个数字，谓语动词用单数。The number of students is increasing.32. in front of, in

13、the front ofin front of范围外的前面，in the front of范围内的前面In the front of the classroom stands the strict teacher. （教室内前）33. of the day, of a dayof the day每一天的，当时的，当代的，of a day暂时的，不长久的a famous scientist of the day34. three of us, the three of usthree of us我们（不止三个）中的三个，the three of us我们三个（就三个人）The three of

14、us-Tom, Jack and I went to the cinema.35. by bus, on the busby bus表手段，方式，不用冠词。on the bus表所乘具体的车辆，或表范围They came here on this bus.（ by busx）36. for a moment, for the momentfor a moment片刻，一会儿，for the moment暂时，一时Thinking for a moment, he agreed.37. next year, the next yearnext year将来时间状语，the next year过去

15、将来时间状语（如常用于间接引语）He will come here next year. / He said he would go abroad the next year.38. more than a year, more than one yearmore than a year一年多，more than one year超过一年（两年或三年等）39. take advice, take the（ones） advicetake advice征求意见，take the advice接受忠告He refused to take the advice and failed again.40

16、. take air, take the airtake air传播，走漏，take the air到户外去，散步We take the air every day.41. in a word, in words，in wordin a word总之，一句话In a word, you are right；in words=in word口头上（in practice实践上） He should be a friend in practice, not only in word / Or, He should be a friend in deed as well as in word. in

17、 words口语化，in word文学化些。42. in place of, in the place ofin place of代替take sb.s place代替某人；in the place of在地方A new building is built in the place of the old one.43. in secret, in the secretin secret秘密地，暗自地，偷偷地，一般用作状语；in the secret知道内情，知道秘密，一般用作表语My mother was in the secret from the beginning.44. a girl,

18、 one girla girl可泛指所有女孩, one girl一个女孩Can one girl carry such a big box? One在这种用法中常强调数量意味（见38条）45. take a chair, take the chairtake a chair相当于sit down坐下，take the chair开始开会，做主席The news that Keefe is to take the chair comes46. go to sea, by sea, by the seago to sea当海员，出航，by sea乘船，由海路，by the sea在海边 go by

19、 sea47. the doctor and teacher, the doctor and the teacherthe doctor and teacher指一个人，既是医生又是老师；the doctor and the teacher两个人，一个医生和一个老师。（有时作为特别强调，也指一个人）慢（快） （南）（北） （古）（今） 闲（忙）（4）、（ ）一边（ ）一边（ ）。弯弯的小河（月儿、小船） 有趣的问题 难忘的日子51. in class, in the classin class在课上，in the class在班级里He is the best student in the c

20、lass.52. on fire, on the fireon fire着火,on the fire在火上Put the food on the fire. The house is on fire.53. out of question, out of the questionout of question毫无疑问的，out of the question不可能的（记法：opportunity可能性，长的那个词组与可能性有关）54. a second, the seconda second又一，再一，the second第二的 He won the second prize.55. by d

21、ay, by the dayby day白天，by the day按天计算 The workers are paid by the day.56. the people, a peoplethe people指人，a people指民族 The Chinese is a peace-loving people.57. it, oneit同一物体，one同类不同一 I lost my pen. I have to buy a new one.58. that, thisthat指代上文所提到的，this导出下文所要说的 I was ill. Thats why59. none, nothing,

22、 no one一般情况下，nothing回答what问句；nobody和no one回答who问句；none回答how many或how much问句。 Whats in the box?盒子里有什么？ Nothing.什么也没有。Who is in the classroom?谁在教室里？Nobody / No one.没有人。How many people are there in the park?公园里有多少人？None.没有人。60. anyone, any one1. anyone仅指人，any one既可指人，也可指物。如：Would anyone like a drink?谁想

23、喝一杯吗?I dont want to waste anyones time.我不想浪费任何人的时间。He told her not to tell anyone.他告诉她不要告诉任何人。Which pen do you want?你要哪支钢笔?Any one will do.随便哪一支都行2. anyone后不能接表示范围的of短语，而any one后可接表示范围的of短语。I dont know any one of them.他们中我一个也不认识。Any one of us could fail in the exam.我们当中的任何一个都可能考试不及格。3. anyone不能用作定语修

24、饰名词，而any one可以用作定语修饰名词。You can borrow any one video at a time.你一次可以借任何一盘录像带。I cant point to any one particular reason for it.那件事我找不出具体原因来。4. anyone可以受形容词的修饰，且修饰语于anyone之后；而any one很少受形容词的修饰，若语义上需要，应将修饰语置于any与one之间。Did you see anyone else there?你在那里看到其他的人吗?Have you seen anyone anybody famous?你见过名人吗?An

25、y red one will do.任何一个红色的都可以。61. who, whatwho指姓名或关系，what指职业或地位 What is your dad? He is a teacher.62. what, whichwhat的选择基础是无限制的，which在一定范围内进行选择 Which do you prefer, bananas or apples?63. other, anotherother后接名词复数，another后接名词单数 other students, another student64. not a little, not a bitnot a little非常，n

26、ot a bit一点也不 Im not a bit tired. 我一点儿也不累。65. many, much, a lot ofmany和可数名词连用，much和不可数名词连用，a lot of可数，不可数均可，但不用于否定句 I havent many books.66. much morethan, many morethanmuch morethan后接形容词或不可数名词，many morethan后接可数名词 many more people, much more water, much more beautiful67. no, notno=not a/any；no friend=

27、not a/any friend ；no water = not any water68. no more than, not more thanno more than相当于only，仅仅，只有，not more than 至多，不超过69. majority, mostmajority只能修饰可数名词，most可数不可数均可 the majority of people70. by oneself, for oneself, to oneself, of oneselfby oneself单独的，独自的，for oneself为自己，to oneself供自己用的，of oneself 自

28、行的，自动的 The door opened of itself.71. at all, after allat all根本，全然；after all到底，毕竟 After all he is a child.72. tall, hightall常指人或动物等细长类东西，high常指基础大的物体 He is tall.73. fast, rapid, quicklyfast具有速度快的特点，但不一定动了，如停的飞机；rapid一般指本身在动的，如河流，进步；quickly往往与人反应相关 run fast, answer the question quickly74. high, highlyhigh具体的高，highly抽象的高，高度的 think highly of75. healthy, healthfulhealthy健康的（指一种长期状态），healthful有益于健康的healthful exercise总用keep healthy.Hes healthy.（V） Hes healthy today.（X） His body is healthy.76. sleeping, asleep, sleepysleeping正在睡觉，asleep睡着