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张健是第一个横渡渤海海峡的中国人。
I
was
only
person
hear
news.
我是唯一一个听到这消息的人。
作
状
语
原因
状语
一般位于作表语、表示心理活动或情绪的形容词后面,表示产生这种情绪的原因。
I'
m
sorry
news
of
your
father'
s
death.
听到你父亲去世的消息我很难过。
目的状语
可置于句首或句尾,突出强调时可在不定式前加in
order或so
as。
explain
more
clearly,I
will
show
you
some
pictures.
为了解释得更清楚,我给你们看一些图片。
结果
表示出乎意料的结果,可在不定式前加only以加强语气。
woke
up
find
everybody
gone.
他醒过来,结果发现大家都走了。
作补
足语
有些动词后需用带to的不定式作宾语补足语,常用的有ask,advise,allow,cause,encourage,persuade,tell,want等。
asked
her
get
touch
with
Henry
as
soon
possible.
我要求她尽快与亨利联系。
有些动词后需用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语,常用的主要是表示“看”、“听”的动词see,hear,notice,watch等和使役动词have,let,make等。
noticed
young
man
enter
office.
他注意到一个年轻男子进入了办公室。
二、动名词
1.动名词的形式
having
being
2.动名词的句法功能
说明
表示一种概念、习惯或经验。
有时可用it作形式主语,而将动名词后置。
Taking
cold
shower
every
morning
does
him
lot
good.
每天早晨洗个冷水澡对他很有好处。
It'
no
good
leaving
today'
work
for
tomorrow.
今天的工作留到明天做不好。
可作动词的宾语,也可作介词的宾语。
enjoy
listening
classical
music.
我喜欢听古典音乐。
多表示抽象的或习惯性的动作,一般说明主语的内容。
My
hobby
collecting
stamps.
我的爱好是集邮。
修饰名词,作前置定语,表示被修饰词的用途。
There
big
swimming
pool
behind
our
house.
我们房子后面有个大的游泳池。
三、现在分词
单个分词作定语一般前置,分词短语作定语一般后置。
The
sleeping
baby
my
sister'
son.
那个正在睡觉的婴儿是我姐姐的儿子。
表示主动、进行意义或与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。
men
working
here
are
all
from
rural
areas.
在这里工作的那些男人都来自农村地区。
具有形容词性质,说明主语所具有的性质和特征。
argument
very
convincing.
这个论点很令人信服。
说明宾语的性质、特征或宾语正在做的动作。
group
children
playing
football
on
playground.
我注意到一群孩子正在操场上踢足球。
作状语
一般式表示与谓语动词表示的动作同时或相继发生,完成式表示先于谓语动词表示的动作发生。
Having
finished
his
homework,the
boy
was
allowed
watch
TV.
做完作业后,这个小男孩得到允许去看电视。
句子主语与分词表示的动作是逻辑上的主动关系。
Living
country,we
had
few
amusements.因为住在农村,我们几乎没有什么娱乐活动。
可作时间、原因、结果、伴随等状语。
ran
out
room,laughing
and
talking
merrily.
那些孩子们跑出房间,愉快地笑着、说着。
四、过去分词
表示主语的心理状态或感受。
Her
father
satisfied
answer.
她父亲对她的回答很满意。
及物动词的过去分词作定语表示被动或完成。
This
famous
written
by
Mr.Smith
worth
reading.
史密斯先生写的这部著名的作品值得一读。
不及物动词的过去分词作定语只表示完成。
faded
flowers
table.
桌子上有一些凋谢了的花。
补足语
一般在感官动词、使役动词或介词后作宾语补足语,表示动作的被动或完成。
felt
himself
cheated.
他感到自己被骗了。
五、不定式和动名词作宾语的区别
情况
例词、例句
有些动词
只跟不定
式作宾语
afford,agree,choose,decide,demand,expect,fail,hope,manage,offer,plan,pretend,promise,refuse,want,wish
decided
write
an
email
rather
than
telephone.
我决定写电子邮件而不是打电话。
只跟动名
词作宾语
advise,admit,avoid,delay,enjoy,finish,imagine,mind,consider,appreciate,miss,risk,practise,suggest
She
couldn'
t
imagine
living
place
like
that.
她无法想象在那样的一种地方生活。
跟动名词、
不定式皆
可且意义
相差不大
like,hate,begin,start,prefer,continue
liked
playing/to
play
table
tennis
when
middle
school
student.
我上中学时喜欢打乒乓球。
不定式均
可但意义
不同
Do
remember
post
letter
me.
一定要记着帮我邮寄这封信。
Don'
seeing
before?
你不记得以前见过那个人吗?
六、不定式、现在分词和过去分词作补足语的区别
非谓语动词
不定式
只说明宾语执行的一个动作,侧重整个过程或动作的经常性。
They
seen
grow
childhood.They
knew
quite
well.
他们从小看着她长大,很了解她。
现在分词
说明宾语执行的动作正在进行。
heard
someone
calling
name.
我听见有人在叫我的名字。
过去分词
表示宾语是动作的承受者或动作的完成。
want
this
matter
settled
immediately.
我想让这件事立刻得到解决。
[典型例题分析]
1.(2017年广东学业考真题)I
always
(talk)
her.
talking [动词enjoy用doing作宾语,enjoy
doing
sth.意为“享受做某事”。
]
2.(2017年广东学业考模拟题)The
dark,
(rain)
evening,the
wind,the
thundering
clouds
held
me
entirely
their
power.
raining [raining作定语,修饰名词evening,意为“下雨的”,表当时正在进行的动作。
3.(2019年广东学业考模拟题)There
various
kinds
theme
parks.Some
parks
(have)
biggest
or
longest
roller
coasters.
having [be
for意为“因……而出名”。
介词for后面加动名词,having作宾语。
4.(2018年广东学业考模拟题)Bears
less
time
(hunt).
hunt [have
do意为“有时间去做……”,to
do表将来。
[语法专项对练]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.Do
monthly
magazine
called
(call)
Wisdom?
2.—I
often
little
girl
practise
(practise)
piano
next
room.
—Listen!
Can'
(play)
piano?
3.
catch
(catch)
early
flight,we
ordered
taxi
advance
got
early.
4.The
park
full
people,enjoying
(enjoy)
themselves
sunshine.
5.Annie
Salmon,disabled,is
attended
throughout
days
nurse
appointed
(appoint)
guard
6.Having
worked
(work)
two
days,Steve
managed
finish
report
schedule.
7.Excuse
me,would
please
tell
where
buy
(buy)
digital
camera?
8.Film
much
shorter
history,especially
compared
(compare)
such
art
forms
music
painting.
9.Listening
(listen)
way
relax.
10.There
something
wrong
car.He
car
repaired
(repair).
11.You
must
cross
street
without
waiting
(wait)
traffic
lights
turn
green.
12.Like
ancient
sailors,birds
can
using
(use)
sun
stars.
13.To
(learn)
about
culture,Jack
take
folk
elective
course.
14.In
recent
years
English
word“infosphere”
appeared,combining
(combine)
sense
“information”and“atmosphere”.
15.Much
spent
(spend)
sitting
at
desk,office
workers
generally
troubled
health
problems.
16.The
manager
see
many
new
products
developed(develop)after
great
effort.
17.—Excuse
me.Could
how
?
—To
(get)
there,just
go
along
left
third
crossing.
18.Anxiously,she
took
dress
package
tried
it
on,only
(find)it
didn'
fit.
19.—Your
hair
too
long.
—Ha,I
just
cut
(cut)
afternoon.
20.Henry
can'
attend
party
(hold)
Tom'
house
present
because
he
preparing
speech
(hold)at
Marie'
Ⅱ.语法填空
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In
past,if
look
away
phone,I
going
die.When
lunch
family
dated
friends,I
resist
1.replying
(reply)to
text
message
checking
Facebook,WeChat
2.the
mobile
phone.Before
long,it
3.to
tired.The
texted
during
day,the
4.poorer(poor)
sleep
was.I
even
focus
study.
friend
told
that
people
5.who/that
help
phones
day
known
phubbers
(低头族).Phubbing
trends
involve
people,but
also
6.the
elderly.Soon,I
found
slogan
website
follows:
stop
tweeting,stop
posting
photos...
7.Thankfully
(thankful),I
realized
there
actually
outside
world.My
8.divided
(divide)
attention
could
keep
what
truly
important.Now,I
use
phone
9.feeling
(feel)
drug
addict.I
10.to
reallife
activities.Use
cellphone
don'
let
you.
说明宾语的性质