1、张健是第一个横渡渤海海峡的中国人。Iwasonlypersonhearnews.我是唯一一个听到这消息的人。作状语原因状语一般位于作表语、表示心理活动或情绪的形容词后面,表示产生这种情绪的原因。Imsorrynewsofyourfathersdeath.听到你父亲去世的消息我很难过。目的状语可置于句首或句尾,突出强调时可在不定式前加inorder或soas。explainmoreclearly,Iwillshowyousomepictures.为了解释得更清楚,我给你们看一些图片。结果表示出乎意料的结果,可在不定式前加only以加强语气。wokeupfindeverybodygone.他醒过来
2、,结果发现大家都走了。作补足语有些动词后需用带to的不定式作宾语补足语,常用的有ask,advise,allow,cause,encourage,persuade,tell,want等。askedhergettouchwithHenryassoonpossible.我要求她尽快与亨利联系。有些动词后需用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语,常用的主要是表示“看”、“听”的动词see,hear,notice,watch等和使役动词have,let,make等。noticedyoungmanenteroffice.他注意到一个年轻男子进入了办公室。二、动名词1动名词的形式havingbeing2.动名词的
3、句法功能说明表示一种概念、习惯或经验。有时可用it作形式主语,而将动名词后置。Takingcoldshowereverymorningdoeshimlotgood.每天早晨洗个冷水澡对他很有好处。Itnogoodleavingtodayworkfortomorrow.今天的工作留到明天做不好。可作动词的宾语,也可作介词的宾语。enjoylisteningclassicalmusic.我喜欢听古典音乐。多表示抽象的或习惯性的动作,一般说明主语的内容。Myhobbycollectingstamps.我的爱好是集邮。修饰名词,作前置定语,表示被修饰词的用途。Therebigswimmingpoolb
4、ehindourhouse.我们房子后面有个大的游泳池。三、现在分词单个分词作定语一般前置,分词短语作定语一般后置。Thesleepingbabymysisterson.那个正在睡觉的婴儿是我姐姐的儿子。表示主动、进行意义或与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。menworkinghereareallfromruralareas.在这里工作的那些男人都来自农村地区。具有形容词性质,说明主语所具有的性质和特征。argumentveryconvincing.这个论点很令人信服。说明宾语的性质、特征或宾语正在做的动作。groupchildrenplayingfootballonplayground.我注意到
5、一群孩子正在操场上踢足球。作状语一般式表示与谓语动词表示的动作同时或相继发生,完成式表示先于谓语动词表示的动作发生。Havingfinishedhishomework,theboywasallowedwatchTV.做完作业后,这个小男孩得到允许去看电视。句子主语与分词表示的动作是逻辑上的主动关系。Livingcountry,wehadfewamusements.因为住在农村,我们几乎没有什么娱乐活动。可作时间、原因、结果、伴随等状语。ranoutroom,laughingandtalkingmerrily.那些孩子们跑出房间,愉快地笑着、说着。四、过去分词表示主语的心理状态或感受。Herfa
6、thersatisfiedanswer.她父亲对她的回答很满意。及物动词的过去分词作定语表示被动或完成。ThisfamouswrittenbyMr.Smithworthreading.史密斯先生写的这部著名的作品值得一读。不及物动词的过去分词作定语只表示完成。fadedflowerstable.桌子上有一些凋谢了的花。补足语一般在感官动词、使役动词或介词后作宾语补足语,表示动作的被动或完成。felthimselfcheated.他感到自己被骗了。五、不定式和动名词作宾语的区别情况例词、例句有些动词只跟不定式作宾语afford,agree,choose,decide,demand,expect,
7、fail,hope,manage,offer,plan,pretend,promise,refuse,want,wishdecidedwriteanemailratherthantelephone.我决定写电子邮件而不是打电话。只跟动名词作宾语advise,admit,avoid,delay,enjoy,finish,imagine,mind,consider,appreciate,miss,risk,practise,suggestShecouldntimaginelivingplacelikethat.她无法想象在那样的一种地方生活。跟动名词、不定式皆可且意义相差不大like,hate,b
8、egin,start,prefer,continuelikedplaying/toplaytabletenniswhenmiddleschoolstudent.我上中学时喜欢打乒乓球。不定式均可但意义不同Dorememberpostletterme.一定要记着帮我邮寄这封信。Donseeingbefore?你不记得以前见过那个人吗?六、不定式、现在分词和过去分词作补足语的区别非谓语动词不定式只说明宾语执行的一个动作,侧重整个过程或动作的经常性。Theyseengrowchildhood.Theyknewquitewell.他们从小看着她长大,很了解她。现在分词说明宾语执行的动作正在进行。hea
9、rdsomeonecallingname.我听见有人在叫我的名字。过去分词表示宾语是动作的承受者或动作的完成。wantthismattersettledimmediately.我想让这件事立刻得到解决。典型例题分析1(2017年广东学业考真题)Ialways(talk)her.talking动词enjoy用doing作宾语,enjoydoingsth.意为“享受做某事”。2(2017年广东学业考模拟题)Thedark,(rain)evening,thewind,thethunderingcloudsheldmeentirelytheirpower.rainingraining作定语,修饰名词e
10、vening,意为“下雨的”,表当时正在进行的动作。3(2019年广东学业考模拟题)Therevariouskindsthemeparks.Someparks(have)biggestorlongestrollercoasters.havingbefor意为“因而出名”。介词for后面加动名词,having作宾语。4(2018年广东学业考模拟题)Bearslesstime(hunt)hunthavedo意为“有时间去做”,todo表将来。语法专项对练.单句语法填空1Domonthlymagazinecalled(call)Wisdom?2Ioftenlittlegirlpractise(pra
11、ctise)pianonextroom.Listen!Can(play)piano?3.catch(catch)earlyflight,weorderedtaxiadvancegotearly.4Theparkfullpeople,enjoying(enjoy)themselvessunshine.5AnnieSalmon,disabled,isattendedthroughoutdaysnurseappointed(appoint)guard6Havingworked(work)twodays,Stevemanagedfinishreportschedule.7Excuseme,wouldp
12、leasetellwherebuy(buy)digitalcamera?8Filmmuchshorterhistory,especiallycompared(compare)suchartformsmusicpainting.9Listening(listen)wayrelax.10Theresomethingwrongcar.Hecarrepaired(repair)11Youmustcrossstreetwithoutwaiting(wait)trafficlightsturngreen.12Likeancientsailors,birdscanusing(use)sunstars.13T
13、o(learn)aboutculture,Jacktakefolkelectivecourse.14InrecentyearsEnglishword“infosphere”appeared,combining(combine)sense“information”and“atmosphere”15Muchspent(spend)sittingatdesk,officeworkersgenerallytroubledhealthproblems.16Themanagerseemanynewproductsdeveloped(develop)aftergreateffort.17Excuseme.C
14、ouldhow?To(get)there,justgoalongleftthirdcrossing.18Anxiously,shetookdresspackagetriediton,only(find)itdidnfit.19Yourhairtoolong.Ha,Ijustcut(cut)afternoon.20Henrycanattendparty(hold)Tomhousepresentbecausehepreparingspeech(hold)atMarie.语法填空在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Inpast,iflookawayphone,Igoingdie.Whe
15、nlunchfamilydatedfriends,Iresist1.replying(reply)totextmessagecheckingFacebook,WeChat2.themobilephone.Beforelong,it3.totired.Thetextedduringday,the4.poorer(poor)sleepwas.Ievenfocusstudy.friendtoldthatpeople5.who/thathelpphonesdayknownphubbers(低头族)Phubbingtrendsinvolvepeople,butalso6.theelderly.Soon,Ifoundsloganwebsitefollows:stoptweeting,stoppostingphotos.7Thankfully(thankful),Irealizedthereactuallyoutsideworld.My8.divided(divide)attentioncouldkeepwhattrulyimportant.Now,Iusephone9.feeling(feel)drugaddict.I10.toreallifeactivities.Usecellphonedonletyou.说明宾语的性质
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