奥鹏北京语言大学21春《阅读II》作业2doc.docx
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奥鹏北京语言大学21春《阅读II》作业2doc
1.Twobasicmodelsofparentalinfluenceemergefromallthiscompetitionandvariety,however.One,looselybasedonFreudianideas,haspresentedanimageofthevulnerablechild:
childrenaresensitivebeings,easilydamagednotonlybytraumaticeventsandemotionalstress,butalsobyoverdosesofaffection.The2ndmodelisthatofthebehaviorists,whoseintellectualancestors,theempiricistphilosophers,describedthechild'smindasatabularasa,orblankslate.Thebehavioristmodelofchild-rearingisbasedontheviewthatthechildismalleable,andparentsarethereforecastintheroleofPygmalionswhocanshapetheirchildrenhowevertheywish."Givemeadozenhealthyinfants,well-formed,andmyownspecifiedworldtobringthemupin,"wroteJ.B.Watson,thefatherofmodernbehaviorism,"andI'llguaranteetotakeanyoneatrandomandtrainhimtobeanytypeofspecialistImight-doctor,lawyer,artist,merchant,chief,andyes,evenbeggarmanandthief!
"Theimageofthevulnerablechildcallsforgentleparentswhoaresensitivetotheirchild'sinner-mostthoughtsandfeelingsinordertoprotecthimfromtrauma.Theimageofthemalleablechildrequiresstemparentswhocoollyfollowthedictatesoftheirownexplicittrainingprocedures:
onlytheearlyeradicationofbadhabitsineating,sleeping,crying,canfendoffpermanentmaladjustments.问题:
Agoodtitlefortheabovepassageis()
A.TwoModelsofParenting B.Twochildimages C.TheroleofPygmalions D.J.B.Watsonandhismodernbehaviorism
【参考答案】:
A
2.Newmeasurementstakenfromsleepingpeopleexplain,atleastinpart,whydreamstendtohavesuchbizarrebutvividstorylines.ThefindingsdealablowtotheFreudianinterpretationofdreamsbutleaveopenthepossibilitythatsomeusefulpersonalmeaningcanbeextractedfromthem.Themainpurposeofdreams,however,theauthorsofthenewstudybelieve,istotestwhetherthebrainhashadenoughsleepand,ifso,towakeitup.Thenewresultsshowthatinsleep,thefrontallobesofthebrainareshutdown.Intheabsenceofactivityintheselobes,whichintegrateotherinformationandmakesenseoftheoutsideworld,thesleepingbrain'simagesaredrivenbyitsemotionalcenters.Thecontentofthesedreamsmaybevividandgrippingbutlackscoherence.Thenewresultsareconsistentwiththetheorythatmemoriesareconsolidatedduringsleep.Fromthepatternofactivitythatwasrecorded,"itseemsthatmemoriesalreadyinthesystemarebeingreadoutandfiledintermsoftheiremotionalsalience,withisanextremelyinterestingidea,"saidDr.J.AllanHobsonofHarvardMedicalSchool.ThenewmeasurementsweremadebyapplyingthetechniqueknownasPETscanningtosleepingsubjects.Thebiologistsfocusedonthetwoformsofsleep,knownasslow-wavesleepandREMsleep.REMsleep,sonamedbecauseoftherapideyeballmovementsthatoccurthen,takespalceaboutfourtimesduringthenightandisthephasefromwhichthemostvividdreamsarerecalled.问题:
TheresearchersfocusonREMsleepbecause()
A.ithasrapideyeballmovements B.ittakesplaceaboutfourtimesduringthenight C.duringREMsleepthecontentofthedreamsiscoherent D.itisthephasefromwhichthemostvividdreamsarerecalled
【参考答案】:
D
3.GeorgeAshmoreFitchwasborninSoochow,Chinain1883,thesonofPresbyterianmissionariesGeorgeF.andMaryMcLllanFitch.AfterreceivinghisB.A.fromWoosterCollegein1906,FitchattendedUnionTheologicalSeminaryinNewYork.Hewasmadeapriestin1909andreturnedtoworkinShanghai.WhentheNankingMassacreoccurred,Fitchwasoneofthewitnessesofthecrime.HequicklybecameactiveinassistingtheInternatinalCommittenfortheNankingSafetyZone.Fitch'sdiaryofeventsofNankingwascarriedtoShanghaibythefirstpersonabletoleavetheNankingafteritsoccupationbytheJapaneseonDecember13,1937.AsFitchhaswritten,"MystorycreatedasensationinShanghai,foritwasthefirstnewsofwhathadhappenedinthecapitalsinceitsevacuation,anditwascopiedandmimeographedandwidelydistributedthere."Fitch'sNankingdiaryhasbeenpublishedpreviouslybuttheversionofhisdiaryavailableintheYalecollectiondiffersslightlyfromthewell-publicizedversion,soexcerptsfromithavebeenincludedinthisvolume.In1938FitchtraveledthroughouttheUnitedStatesgivingtalksabouttheNankingMassacreandshowingfilmstodocumentit.HereturnedtoworkfirstinChinaandtheninKoreaandChina'sTaiwanuntilhisretirementin1961.问题:
WhentheNankingMassacreoccurred,Fitch()
A.wasinShanghai B.sawthecrimewithhisowneyes C.becamethefirstpersonabletoleaveNanking D.wasabletolettheworldknowabouttheeventimmediately
【参考答案】:
B
4.Atthe1908OlympicsinLondontheMarathonracewasheldonaveryhotday.TheracestartedatWindsorCastle,oneofthehomesoftheRoyalFamily,sothattheRoyalchildren