奥鹏北京语言大学21春《阅读II》作业2doc.docx

1、奥鹏北京语言大学21春阅读II作业2doc1.Two basic models of parental influence emerge from all this competition and variety,however.One, loosely based on Freudian ideas,has presented an image of the vulnerable child:children are sensitive beings,easily damaged not only by traumatic events and emotional stress,but al

2、so by overdoses of affection.The 2nd model is that of the behaviorists,whose intellectual ancestors,the empiricist philosophers,described the childs mind as a tabula rasa,or blank slate.The behaviorist model of child-rearing is based on the view that the child is malleable,and parents are therefore

3、cast in the role of Pygmalions who can shape their children however they wish.Give me a dozen healthy infants,well-formed,and my own specified world to bring them up in,wrote J.B.Watson,the father of modern behaviorism,and Ill guarantee to take any one at random and train him to be any type of speci

4、alist I might-doctor,lawyer,artist,merchant,chief, and yes,even beggar man and thief!The image of the vulnerable child calls for gentle parents who are sensitive to their childs inner-most thoughts and feelings in order to protect him from trauma.The image of the malleable child requires stem parent

5、s who coolly follow the dictates of their own explicit training procedures:only the early eradication of bad habits in eating,sleeping,crying,can fend off permanent maladjustments. 问题： A good title for the above passage is ( )A.Two Models of ParentingB.Two child imagesC.The role of PygmalionsD.J.B.W

6、atson and his modern behaviorism【参考答案】: A2.New measurements taken from sleeping people explain,at least in part,why dreams tend to have such bizarre but vivid storylines.The findings deal a blow to the Freudian interpretation of dreams but leave open the possibility that some useful personal meaning

7、 can be extracted from them.The main purpose of dreams,however,the authors of the new study believe,is to test whether the brain has had enough sleep and,if so,to wake it up.The new results show that in sleep,the frontal lobes of the brain are shut down.In the absence of activity in these lobes,whic

8、h integrate other information and make sense of the outside world,the sleeping brains images are driven by its emotional centers.The content of these dreams may be vivid and gripping but lacks coherence.The new results are consistent with the theory that memories are consolidated during sleep.From t

9、he pattern of activity that was recorded,it seems that memories already in the system are being read out and filed in terms of their emotional salience,with is an extremely interesting idea,said Dr.J.Allan Hobson of Harvard Medical School.The new measurements were made by applying the technique know

10、n as PET scanning to sleeping subjects.The biologists focused on the two forms of sleep,known as slow-wave sleep and REM sleep.REM sleep,so named because of the rapid eyeball movements that occur then,takes palce about four times during the night and is the phase from which the most vivid dreams are

11、 recalled. 问题：The researchers focus on REM sleep because ( )A.it has rapid eyeball movementsB.it takes place about four times during the nightC.during REM sleep the content of the dreams is coherentD.it is the phase from which the most vivid dreams are recalled【参考答案】: D3.George Ashmore Fitch was bor

12、n in Soochow,China in 1883,the son of Presbyterian missionaries George F.and Mary McLllan Fitch.After receiving his B.A.from Wooster College in 1906,Fitch attended Union Theological Seminary in New York.He was made a priest in 1909 and returned to work in Shanghai.When the Nanking Massacre occurred,

13、Fitch was one of the witnesses of the crime.He quickly became active in assisting the Internatinal Committen for the Nanking Safety Zone.Fitchs diary of events of Nanking was carried to Shanghai by the first person able to leave the Nanking after its occupation by the Japanese on December 13,1937.As

14、 Fitch has written,My story created a sensation in Shanghai,for it was the first news of what had happened in the capital since its evacuation,and it was copied and mimeographed and widely distributed there.Fitchs Nanking diary has been published previously but the version of his diary available in

15、the Yale collection differs slightly from the well-publicized version,so excerpts from it have been included in this volume.In 1938 Fitch traveled throughout the United States giving talks about the Nanking Massacre and showing films to document it.He returned to work first in China and then in Kore

16、a and Chinas Taiwan until his retirement in 1961. 问题：When the Nanking Massacre occurred,Fitch ( )A.was in ShanghaiB.saw the crime with his own eyesC.became the first person able to leave NankingD.was able to let the world know about the event immediately【参考答案】: B4.At the 1908 Olympics in London the Marathon race was held on a very hot day.The race started at Windsor Castle,one of the homes of the Royal Family,so that the Royal children