考研英语模拟题及答案和参考译文二上Word下载.docx

考研英语模拟题及答案和参考译文二上Word下载.docx

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theseshouldnotbeallowedtoturnourattentionawayfromthesound，establishedmaterialsthatformthebasisof20forbeginners.

　　1.[A]entity　　[B]auction　　[C]choice　　[D]coalition

　　2.[A]whereas　　[B]though　　[C]while　　[D]for

　　3.[A]off　　[B]forward　　[C]away　　[D]on

　　4.[A]substantially　　[B]heavily　　[C]equally[　　D]misleadingly

　　5.[A]stimulation　　[B]shift　　[C]progress　　[D]glamour

　　6.[A]If[B]Although　　[C]Because　　[D]Supposing

　　7.[A]prosperous　　[B]democratic　　[C]literate　　[D]thriving

　　8.[A]unless　　[B]incase　　[C]when　　[D]only

　　9.[A]experts　　[B]populace　　[C]voters　　[D]mob

　　10.[A]subscribers　　[B]users　　[C]passers-by　　[D]victims

　　11.[A]amid　　[B]between　　[C]upon　　[D]among

　　12.[A]knowledge　　[B]data　　[C]intelligence　　[D]quest

　　13.[A]fair　　[B]wise　　[C]risky　　[D]proper

　　14.[A]too　　[B]fairly　　[C]very　　[D]rather

　　15.[A]incident　　[B]question　　[C]inference　　[D]impact

　　16.[A]reaction　　[B]cooperation　　[C]interaction　　[D]relation

　　17.[A]Conversely　　[B]Similarly　　[C]Accordingly　　[D]Presumably

　　18.[A]primitive　　[B]ultimate　　[C]classical　　[D]initial

　　19.[A]possibilities　　[B]capabilities　　[C]abilities　　[D]responsibilities

　　20.[A]grounds　　[B]courses　　[C]doctrines　　[D]quotas

　　SectionⅡReadingComprehension

　　PartA

Readingthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA，B，CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.（40points）

　　Text1

　　Inthenextcenturywe‘llbeabletoalterourDNAradically，encodingourvisionsandvanitieswhileconcoctingnewlife-forms.WhenDr.Frankensteinmadehismonster，hewrestledwiththemoralissueofwhetherheshouldallowittoreproduce，“HadItheright，formyownbenefit，toinflictthecurseuponeverlastinggenerations？

”Willsuchquestionsrequireustodevelopnewmoralphilosophies？

　　Probablynot.Instead，we‘llreachagainforatime�瞭estedmoralconcept，onesometimescalledtheGoldenRuleandwhichKant，themillennium’smostprudentmoralist，conjuredupintoacategoricalimperative：

Dountoothersasyouwouldhavethemdountoyou；

treateachpersonasanindividualratherthanasameanstosomeend.

　　Underthismoralpreceptweshouldrecoilathumancloning，becauseitinevitablyentailsusinghumansasmeanstootherhumans‘endsandvaluingthemascopiesofotherswelovedorascollectionsofbodyparts，notasindividualsintheirownright.Weshouldalsodrawaline，howeverfuzzy，thatwouldpermitusinggeneticengineeringtocurediseasesanddisabilitiesbutnottochangethepersonalattributesthatmakesomeoneanindividual（IQ，physicalappearance，genderandsexuality）。

　　Thebiotechagewillalsogiveusmorereasontoguardourpersonalprivacy.AldousHuxleyinBraveNewWorld，gotitwrong：

ratherthancentralizingpowerinthehandsofthestate，DNAtechnologyhasempoweredindividualsandfamilies.Butthestatewillhaveanimportantrole，makingsurethatnoone，includinginsurancecompanies，canlookatourgeneticdatawithoutourpermissionoruseittodiscriminateagainstus.

　　Thenwecangetreadyforthebreakthroughsthatcouldcomeattheendofthenextcenturyandthetechnologyiscomparabletomappingourgenes：

plottingthe10billionormoreneuronsofourbrain.Withthatinformationwemightsomedaybeabletocreateartificialintelligencesthatthinkandexperienceconsciousnessinwaysthatareindistinguishablefromahumanbrain.Eventuallywemightbeabletoreplicateourownmindsina“dry�瞱are”machine，sothatwecouldliveonwithoutthe“wet�瞱are”ofabiologicalbrainandbody.The20thcentury‘srevolutionininfotechnologywilltherebymergewiththe21stcentury’srevolutioninbiotechnology.Butthisissciencefiction.Let‘sturnthepagenowandgetbacktorealscience.

　　21.Dr.Frankenstein‘sremarksarementionedinthetext

　　[A]togiveanepisodeoftheDNAtechnologicalbreakthroughs.

　　[B]tohighlighttheimportanceofameanstosomeeverlastingends.

　　[C]toshowhowhecreatedanewformoflifeathousandyearsago.

　　[D]tointroducethetopicofmoralphilosophiesincurredinbiotechnology.

　　22.Itcanbeconcludedfromthetextthatthetechnologyofhumancloningshouldbeemployed

　　[A]excessivelyandextravagantly.　　　　[B]reasonablyandcautiously.

　　[C]aggressivelyandindiscriminately.　　　[D]openlyandenthusiastically.

　　23.Fromthetext，welearnthatAldousHuxleyisoftheopinionthat

　　[A]DNAtechnologyshouldbeplacedinthechargeofindividuals.

　　[B]governmentshouldassumelesscontroloverindividuals.

　　[C]peopleneedgovernmenttoprotecttheirDNAinformation.

　　[D]oldmoralpreceptsshouldbeabolishedonhumancloning.

　　24.Judgedfromtheinformationinthelastparagraph，wecanpredictthattheauthorislikelytowritewhichofthefollowinginthenextsection？

　　[A]Thereflectionuponbiotechnologicalmorality.

　　[B]Theoffensiveinvasionofourpersonalprivacy.

　　[C]TheinevitablechangeofIQsforourdescendants.

　　[D]Thepresentstateofbiotechnologicalresearch.

　　25.Accordingtothelastparagraph，“dry-ware”isto“wet-ware”as

　　[A]“collective”to“individual”。

　　　[B]“fictional”to“factual”。

　　[C]“mechanical”to“corporeal”。

　　[D]“temporary”to“permanent”。

　　Text2

　　Beforeabigexam，asoundnight‘ssleepwilldoyoumoregoodthanporingovertextbooks.That，atleast，isthefolkwisdom.Andscience，intheformofbehavioralpsychology，supportsthatwisdom.Butsuchbehavioralstudiescannotdistinguishbetweentwocompetingtheoriesofwhysleepisgoodforthememory.Onesaysthatsleepiswhenpermanentmemoriesform.Theothersaysthattheyareactuallyformedduringtheday，butthen“edited”atnight，toflushawaywhatissuperfluous.

　　Totellthedifference，itisnecessarytolookintothebrainofasleepingperson，andthatishard.Butafteradecadeofpainstakingwork，ateamledbyPierreMaquetatLiegeUniversityinBelgiumhasmanagedtodoit.TheparticularstageofsleepinwhichtheBelgiangroupisinterestedinisrapideyemovement（REM）sleep，whenbrainandbodyareactive，heartrateandbloodpressureincrease，theeyesmovebackandforthbehindtheeyelidsasifwatchingamovie，andbrainwavetracesresemblethoseofwakefulness.Itisduringthisperiodofsleepthatpeoplearemostlikelytoreliveeventsofthepreviousdayindreams.

　　Dr.MaquetusedanelectronicdevicecalledPETtostudythebrainsofpeopleastheypracticedataskduringtheday，andastheysleptduringthefollowingnight.Thetaskrequiredthemtopressabuttonasfastaspossible，inresponsetoalightcomingoninoneofsixpositions.Astheylearnthowtodothis，theirresponsetimesgotfaster.Whattheydidnotknowwasthattheappearanceofthelightssometimesfollowedapattern—whatisreferredtoas“artificialgrammar”。

Yetthereductionsinresponsetimeshowedthattheylearntfasterwhenthepatternwaspresentthanwhentherewasnot.

　　Whatismore，thosewithmoretolearn（i.e.，the“grammar”，aswellasthemechanicaltaskofpushingthebutton）havemoreactivebrains.The“editing”theorywouldnotpredictthat，sincethenumberofirrelevantstimuliwouldbethesameineachcase.Andtoeliminateanydoubtsthattheexperimentalsubjectswerelearningasopposedtounlearning，theirresponsetimeswhentheywokeupwereevenquickerthanwhentheywenttosleep.

　　Theteam，therefore，concludedthatthenerveconnectionsinvolvedinmemoryarereinforcedthroughreactivationduringREMsleep，particularlyifthebraindetectsaninherentstructureinthematerialbeinglearnt.Sonow，ontheeveofthatcrucialtest，mathsstudentscansleepsoundlyintheknowledgethatwhattheywillrememberthenextdayarethebasicrulesofalgebraandnottheincoherenttalkfromtheradionextdoor.

　　26.Researchersinbehavioralpsychologyaredividedwithregardto

　　[A]howdreamsaremodifiedintheircourses.

　　[B]thedifferencebetweensleepandwakefulness.

　　[C]whysleepisofgreatbenefittomemory.

　　[D]thefunctionsofagoodnight‘ssleep.

　　27.Asmanifestedintheexperimentalstudy，rapideyemovementischaracterizedby

　　[A]intenselyactivebrainwavetraces.　　[B]subjects‘quickerresponsetimes.

　　[C]complicatedmemorypatterns.　　　[D]revivalofeventsintheprevi