Differences in Etiquette between the Eastern and Western Countries 英语论文Word格式文档下载.docx

Differences in Etiquette between the Eastern and Western Countries 英语论文Word格式文档下载.docx

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moreovereitherChinesecultureorwesternculturelaysmuchstressonthesignificanceofcommunication.

Chinahasbeenwellknownas“thelandofetiquette”,andpeopleareconstantlyobservingsomegenerallyacceptedcodesofpoliteness.Confucianism,whichhasbeeninfluencingChinaforthousandsofyears,alsostressesetiquettes,soChinesecodesofconductarenaturallyundertheinfluenceoftheancientculture.Despitethedifferentcultureandvalues,Westerncountriesunexceptionallyemphasizeetiquetteininterpersonalintercourse.Therefore,bothcultureshavesomethingincommonaswellasdifferent.Whilefocusingonthecommonalties,thisthesisgivesemphasisondifferencesfurthermore,explorestheunderlyingfactorsbehindthesedifferences.Afterthat,somesolutionsareproduced:

thinkinggloballyandculturally;

increasingculturalawareness;

learningbehavioralskills.Intheend,thethesisconcludesthatinthecontextofculturaldiversityweshouldfacetherealityandovercomecommunicativeobstaclestoachievefluentandeffectiveinterculturalcommunication.

Keywords:

socialetiquette;

culturedifferences;

interculturalcommunication

摘要：

随着经济全球化的发展，不同文化间的交往也不断加强。

不同文化背景、不同世界观价值观的人们在交往过程中不免会发生各种各样的问题，误解和冲突就会产生。

这就要求我们对不同文化进行研究，从而找到解决问题的方法和策略。

交往礼仪就是值得我们关注的问题之一。

由于各国的历史和文化底蕴的不同，各国人民在进行里尚交往时的习惯也有不少差异，特别是中西方之间，礼仪上的差异很大。

往大处说，一个国家无论是在政治上还是经济贸易中，了解对方国家的礼仪习惯，将有利于各国之间的交往。

从小处来说，一个人了解对方的礼仪和民间习惯，是对对方的尊重且容易给对方留下好印象，以便交往的顺利进行。

因此，礼仪视人们交际的第一步，而且，无论中国文化还是西方文化都强调礼仪在交际中的重要性。

中国素有“礼仪之邦”之称，人们在交往过程中一直遵循着一些约定俗成的礼貌准则。

影响中国几千年的儒家思想把“礼”放在重要的地位，因而这些准则不免要受到几千年的文化积淀的影响。

西方国家虽然痛我们相比具有不同的价值观和文化观，但在人际交往中也不例外的强调礼貌待人。

因此，在中西方文化中，社交礼仪既有一些共同之处，也有许多差异。

本文在关注相同之处的同时，也强调了差异的重要性，并进一步探讨了差异背后的影响因素,同时侧面探讨了解决方法：

要从全球及文化的角度思考问题，增强文化意识，学习交际行为技能。

最后，在文化多样性的背景下，我们应当面对现实，克服交际障碍，实现畅通而有效的跨文化沟通。

关键词：

社交礼仪；

文化差异；

跨文化交

Contents

I.Introduction……………………………………………………………………..1

II.TheImportanceofEtiquetteandEtiquetteStudy……………………2

III.DifferencesinFactorsAffectingEtiquettebetweentheEastandtheWest..........................................................................................................3

A.TheOriginsofChineseEtiquetteandtheWesternEtiquette……………...3

B.DifferentCulturalBackgroundofEtiquettebetweentheEastandthe

West…………..……………………………………………………….4

1.TheImpactofDifferentModesofSocialInteractiononEtiquette…….5

2.TheDifferencesbetweenthePersonalPhilosophiesofEtiquette………5

3.TheImpactofDifferentSocialCustomsonEtiquette…………………..6

4.TheImpactofDifferentHierarchismofPeopleStatusonEtiquette…..7

C.ChineseEtiquetteEducationandtheWesternEtiquetteEducation………8

1.EtiquetteEducationintheWesternCountries…………………………8

2.EtiquetteEducationinChina……………………………………………10

IV.ContrastoftheChineseEtiquetteandtheWesternEtiquette…...11

A.WeddingTradition…………………………………………………………...11

B.DiningTradition……………………………………………………………14

1.DifferencesinTableware…………………………………………………15

2.DifferencesinTableSetting……………………………………………...16

3.DifferencesintheDiningAtmosphere…………………………………..17

4.DifferencesinTermsofDiscourse……………………………………….18

5.DifferencesinToasting…………………………………………………...18

V.Conclusion……………………………………………………………………..19

WorkCited………………………………………………………………………..20

I.Introduction

Etiquetteisprocessandmeanstoshowrespecttoeachotherininterpersonalrelationshipbycertain,commonprocedures.Theetiquettecanbesaidtobeaperson’sexternalappearanceofinwardcultivationandquality.Firstly,peoplecanberaisedtheirself-cultivation.Secondly,itwillpromotesocialinteractionandimprovepeople’sinterpersonalrelationship.Italsocanpurifythesociety.AlongwiththeconstantdevelopmentofChinesecultureandtheWesternculture,Chineseritualandthewesternritualarefusions.TheWesternershaveacceptedthereasonablefactorsinChinesecultureandotherimportantfeelings.ChinesepeoplehavegraduallyacceptedtheadvancedcivilizationoftheWesterncultureandetiquettestyle.However,inreallife,theetiquette’simpactduetoculturedifferencesbetweenChinaandtheWeststillexists.Sincedifferentcountrieshavedifferenthistoricalandculturalbackgrounds.Therearealotofdifferencesintheceremony,especiallybetweenChinaandtheWest.Fromthepointofviewofcollectivity,etiquettecancreatetheimage,improvethecustomsultimatelyandachievethepurposeofenhancingtheeconomyandsocialbenefits.Etiquette,whichisanimportantpartofthecompany’scultureandtheentrepreneur’sspirit,isamajorattachmentofgroup’simage.TheunderstandingofthedifferencesbetweenChineseetiquetteandtheWesternetiquetteareabsolutelynecessary.Inmodernsociety,itseemsthattheworldisgettingsmallerandsmaller,peopleareveryactivewithfrequentexchanges.AboutOriginofEtiquette,InChina,theessenceofetiquetteisthemethodofdealingwithpeopleandthebeliefinghostsandspirits.Peopleconsiderthatallthingsarecontrolledbytheghostswhichcannotbeseen.IntheWesterncountries,theword‘etiquette’usedtomean“keepoffthegrass”.LouisIvy’sgardenernoticedthatthearistocratswerewalkingthroughhisgardensandthenheputupsigns（etiquette）towarnthemoff.Andalsohaveamoreimportantpoint：

EtiquetteEducation，etiquetteeducationintheWesterncountriesisthecombinationofetiquetteeducationandmoraleducationofschoolceremonies.Theythinkthevaluesofeducationcannotbelimitedtoafewhoursteachinginaday,buttheypayattentiontodiversifyingtheformofmoraleducationinschools.Butinchina,thegovernmentputgreatemphasisontheeducationofsocialnorms,moralresponsibility,racialharmonyandloyaltytothestateeducation.Theypayattentiontothemoralandethicalvaluesoftraditionaleducation.TheyconsidertraditionalmoralvaluesasashieldagainstthenegativeeffectsofWesternculture.Obviously,therearesomanydifferencesinetiquette.Manycountriesarepayinggreatattentiontocombineinternationaletiquettewithnationaletiquettecreatively.EtiquetteisthecommonwealthofChinesecivilizationandtheWesterncivilization.

II.TheImportanceofEtiquetteandEtiquetteStudy

Interpersonaletiquettecanberegardedasakindofart,amethodofcommunication.Itisacommonrespectforpersonandafriendlypracticeininterpersonalrelationships.Fromtherespectoftransmitting,interpersonalritualscanberoughlydividedintochiefetiquette,businessetiquette,serviceetiquette,socialetiquette,foreignetiquetteandseveralothermajorbranches.Firstly,itcanhelppeopletoraisetheirself-cultivation.Secondly,itwillpromotesocialinteractionandimprovepeople’sinterpersonalrelationship.Italsocanpurifytheethosofsociety.Almostallinternationalenterpriseshaveahighstandardofetiquetteandregardetiquetteasanimportantpartofgroup’sculture.Atthesametime,italsocanberegardedastheimportantsoftwaretoobtaininternationalfame.Therefore,studyingetiquetteisthetrendofthetimesandtheactualneedofenhancingthecompetition.

Sincedifferentcountrieshavedifferenthistoriesandcultures,therearealotofdifferencesinthehabitofconductandtheceremony,especiallybetweenChinaandtheWest,thejokesandthemistakescausedbymisunderstandingisnotunusual.Inmodemhistory,therearetwostoriesconcerningthemisunderstandingofdifferentetiquettes.ThefirstoneisaboutLiHongzhangwhowasinvitedbyBismarcktoadiner.DuetoalackoftheWesternetiquetteknowledge,hedrankthewaterwhichwasusedtowashhandsaftereatingthefruit.ThenBismarckdidnotunderstandChinesecustomer,inordernottomakeLiHongzhanglosehisface,hedrankthewatertoo.Otherofficersalsofollowedhimandrefrainedfromlaughing.Hereisanotherstory:

aKMTofficerandhiswifewenttotheairporttomeetaconsultantfromtheUnitedStates.Afterthemeeting,theconsultantsaid“Yourwifeisreallybeautiful!

”Theofficerfeltembarrassedandreplied:

“哪里，哪里！

”ItisjustapolitewaywhichisverycommoninChinaforthekindofthewordsheaddressed.Buttheclumsyinterpretertranslated:

“哪里，哪里!

”Like“where,where?

”Americanconsultantcouldn’tunderstands,hethought”Ijustpraisedhiswife,andwhyheaskedmewherehiswifeisbeautiful”.Then,hesaid:

“sheisbeautifulfromheadtotoe.”ThesetwojokesareduetothelackofetiquetteknowledgeaboutthedifferencesbetweenChinaandtheWest.

ThisshowsthattheunderstandingofthedifferencesoftheWesternetiquettesandChineseetiquettesareabsolutelynecessary.Totheofficers,