实用英语口语美国医院的部门Word格式文档下载.docx
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It'
salsowhereyoushouldcomeifyou'
vehadanaccident,butcanmakeyourownwaytohospital.
Thesedepartmentsoperate24hoursaday,everydayandarestaffedandequippedtodealwithallemergencies.
Patientsareassessedandseeninorderofneed,usuallywithaseparateminorinjuriesareasupportedbynurses.
Anaesthetics
Doctorsinthisdepartmentgiveanaestheticforoperations.
Theyareresponsiblefortheprovisionof:
∙acutepainservices(painreliefafteranoperation)
∙chronicpainservices(painreliefinlong-termconditionssuchasarthritis)
∙criticalcareservices(painreliefforthosewhohavehadaseriousaccidentortrauma)
∙obstetricanaesthesiaandanalgesia(epiduralsinchildbirthandanaestheticforCaesareansections).
Breastscreening
Thisunitscreenswomenforbreastcancer,eitherthroughroutinemammogramexaminationsorattherequestofdoctors.It'
susuallylinkedtoanX-raydepartment.
Cardiology
Termwatch
∙Outpatient:
shortvisittohospitalthatlastsnomorethanaday.
∙Inpatient:
hospitalvisitthatrequiresatleastonenight'
sstayonaward.
Thisdepartmentprovidesmedicalcaretopatientswhohaveproblemswiththeirheartorcirculation.Ittreatspeopleonaninpatientandoutpatientbasis.
Typicalproceduresperformedinclude:
∙electrocardiogram(ECG)andexerciseteststomeasureheartfunction
∙echocardiograms(ultrasoundscanoftheheart)
∙scansofthecarotidarteryinyournecktodeterminestrokerisk
∙24-hourbloodpressuretests
∙insertionofpacemakers
∙cardiaccatheterisation(coronaryangiography)toseeifthereareanyblocksinyourarteries.
Chaplaincy
Chaplainspromotethespiritualandpastoralwellbeingofpatients,relativesandstaff.Theyareavailabletoallmembersofstaffforconfidentialcounselandsupportirrespectiveofreligionorrace.Ahospitalchapelisalsousuallyavailable.
Criticalcare
Sometimescalledintensivecare,thisunitisforthemostseriouslyillpatients.
Ithasarelativelysmallnumberofbedsandismannedbyspecialistdoctorsandnurses,aswellasbyconsultantanaesthetists,physiotherapistsanddietitians.
Patientsrequiringintensivecareareoftentransferredfromotherhospitalsorfromotherdepartmentsinthesamehospital.
Diagnosticimaging
FormerlyknownasX-ray,thisdepartmentprovidesafullrangeofdiagnosticimagingservicesincluding:
∙generalradiography(X-rayscans)
∙scansforA&
E
∙mammography(breastscans)
∙ultrasoundscans
∙angiography(X-rayofbloodvessels)
∙interventionalradiology(minimallyinvasiveprocedures,egtotreatnarrowedarteries)
∙CTscanning(scansthatshowcrosssectionsofthebody)
∙MRIscanning(3Dscansusingmagneticandradiowaves).
Dischargelounge
Manyhospitalsnowhavedischargeloungestohelpyourfinaldayinhospitalgosmoothly.
Patientswhodon'
tneedtostayonthewardaretransferredtotheloungeonthedayofdischarge.Staffwillinformthepharmacy,transportandrelativesofyourtransfer.
Tohelppassthetime,thereareusuallyfacilitiessuchasaTV,radio,magazines,puzzles,booksandnewspapers.
Ifsomeonefeelsunwellwhilewaiting,nursescontactadoctortocomeandseeyoubeforedischarge.
Earnoseandthroat(ENT)
TheENTdepartmentprovidescareforpatientswithavarietyofproblems,including:
∙generalear,noseandthroatdiseases
∙necklumps
∙cancersoftheheadandneckarea
∙tearductproblems
∙facialskinlesions
∙balanceandhearingdisorders
∙snoringandsleepapnoea
∙ENTallergyproblems
∙salivaryglanddiseases
∙voicedisorders.
Elderlyservicesdepartment
Ledbyconsultantphysiciansspecialisingingeriatricmedicine,thisdepartmentlooksafterawiderangeofproblemsassociatedwiththeelderly.Thisincludes:
∙strokemedicine
∙gastroenterology
∙diabetes
∙locomotor(movement)problems
∙continenceproblems
∙syncope(fainting)
∙bonedisease.
Itprovidesarangeofservicessuchashomevisits,dayhospitalsandoutpatientclinics.Thedepartmentoftenhascloselinkswithothercommunityservicesfortheelderly.
Gastroenterology
Endoscopy
Endoscopyinvolvesasmallthintubewithacameraontheend.
Thisisguideddownthethroattoinvestigateproblemsinyouroesophagusanddigestivesystem.
Smallsurgicalinstrumentscanbeguideddowninthesameway,meaningitcanbeusedfordiagnosisandtreatment.
Runbyconsultantsspecialisinginbowel-relatedmedicine,thisdepartmentinvestigatesandtreatsupperandlowergastrointestinaldisease,aswellasdiseasesofthepancreasandbileductsystem.
Thisincludesendoscopyandnutritionalservices.
Sub-specialitiesincludecolerectalsurgery,inflammatoryboweldiseaseandswallowingproblems.
Thereareoftenendoscopynursespecialistslinkedtoagastroenterologyunitwhoareabletoperformawiderangeofbowelinvestigations.
Generalsurgery
Thegeneralsurgerywardcoversawiderangeofsurgeryandincludes:
∙daysurgery
∙thyroidsurgery
∙kidneytransplants
∙colonsurgery
∙laparoscopiccholecystectomy(gallbladderremoval)
∙endoscopy
∙breastsurgery.
Daysurgeryunitshaveahighturnoverofpatientswhoattendforminorsurgicalproceduressuchasherniarepairs.
Gynaecology
Thesedepartmentsinvestigateandtreatproblemsofthefemaleurinarytractandreproductiveorgans,suchasendometritis,infertilityandincontinence.
Theyalsoprovidearangeofcareforcervicalsmearscreeningandpost-menopausalbleedingchecks.
Theyusuallyhave:
∙aspecialistward
∙daysurgeryunit
∙emergencygynaecologyassessmentunit
∙outpatientclinics.
Haematology
Haematologyservicesworkcloselywiththehospitallaboratory.Thesedoctorstreatblooddiseasesandmalignancieslinkedtotheblood,withbothnewreferralsandemergencyadmissionsbeingseen.
Maternitydepartments
Womennowhaveachoiceofwholeadstheirmaternitycareandwheretheygivebirth.Carecanbeledbyaconsultant,aGPoramidwife.
Maternitywardsprovideantenatalcare,careduringchildbirthandpostnatalsupport.
Antenatalclinicsprovidemonitoringforbothroutineandcomplicatedpregnancies.
High-dependencyunitscanofferone-to-onecareforwomenwhoneedclosemonitoringwhentherearecomplicationsinpregnancyorchildbirth.
Microbiology
Themicrobiologydepartmentlooksatallaspectsofmicrobiology,suchasbacterialandviralinfections.
Theyhavebecomeincreasinglyhighprofilefollowingtheriseofhospital-acquiredinfectionssuchasMRSAandC.difficile.
Aheadmicrobiologyconsultantandteamofmicrobiologiststestpatientsamplessenttothembymedicalstafffromthehospitalandfromdoctors'
surgeries.
Neonatalunit
Neonatalunitshaveanumberofcotsthatareusedforintensive,high-dependencyandspecialcarefornewbornbabies.
Italwaysmaintainscloselinkswiththehospitalmaternitydepartment,intheinterestofbabiesandtheirfamilies.
Neonatalunitshavethephilosophythat,wheneverpossible,motherandbabyshouldbetogether.
Nephrology
Thisdepartmentmonitorsandassessespatientswithkidney(renal)problems.
Nephrologists(kidneyspecialists)willliaisewiththetransplantteamincasesofkidneytransplants.
Theyalsosupervisethedialysisdayunitforpeoplewhoarewaitingforakidneytransplantorwhoareunabletohaveatransplantforanyreason.
Neurology
Thisunitdealswithdisordersofthenervoussystem,includingthebrainandspinalcord.It'
srunbydoctorswhospecialiseinthisarea(neurologists)andtheirstaff.
Therearealsopaediatricneurologistswhotreatchildren.Neurologistsmayalsobeinvolvedinclinicalresearchandclinicaltrials.
Specialistnurses(epilepsy,multiplesclerosis)liaisewithpatients,consultantsandGPstohelpwithanyproblemsthatmayoccurbetweenoutpatientappointments.
Nutritionanddietetics
Traineddieticiansandnutritionistsprovidespecialistadviceondietforhospitalwardsandoutpatientclinics,formingpartofamultidisciplinaryteam.
Thedepartmentworksacrossawiderangeofspecialitiessuchas:
∙cancer
∙kidneyproblems
∙paediatrics
∙elderlycare
∙surgeryandcriticalcare
∙gastroenterology.
Theyalsoprovidegroupeducationtopatientswithdiabetes,heartdiseaseandosteoarthritis,andworkcloselywithweightmanagementgroups.
Obstetricsandgynaecologyunits
Theseunitsprovidematernityservicessuchas:
∙antenatalandpostnatalcare
∙prenataldiagnosisunit
∙maternalandfoetalsurveillance.
Overseenbyconsultantobstetriciansandgynaecologists,thereisawiderangeofattachedstafflinkedtothem,includingspecialistnurses,midwivesandimagingtechnicians.
Carecaninclude:
∙generalinpatientandoutpatienttreatment
∙colposcopy,lasertherapyorhysteroscopyforabnormalcervicalcells
∙p