实用英语口语美国医院的部门Word格式文档下载.docx

1、Its also where you should come if youve had an accident, but can make your own way to hospital. These departments operate 24 hours a day, every day and are staffed and equipped to deal with all emergencies. Patients are assessed and seen in order of need, usually with a separate minor injuries area

2、supported by nurses. AnaestheticsDoctors in this department give anaesthetic for operations. They are responsible for the provision of: acute pain services （pain relief after an operation） chronic pain services （pain relief in long-term conditions such as arthritis） critical care services （pain reli

3、ef for those who have had a serious accident or trauma） obstetric anaesthesia and analgesia （epidurals in childbirth and anaesthetic for Caesarean sections）. Breast screeningThis unit screens women for breast cancer, either through routine mammogram examinations or at the request of doctors. Its usu

4、ally linked to an X-ray department.Cardiology Term watch Outpatient: short visit to hospital that lasts no more than a day. Inpatient: hospital visit that requires at least one nights stay on a ward. This department provides medical care to patients who have problems with their heart or circulation.

5、 It treats people on an inpatient and outpatient basis.Typical procedures performed include: electrocardiogram （ECG） and exercise tests to measure heart function echocardiograms （ultrasound scan of the heart） scans of the carotid artery in your neck to determine stroke risk 24-hour blood pressure te

6、sts insertion of pacemakers cardiac catheterisation （coronary angiography） to see if there are any blocks in your arteries.ChaplaincyChaplains promote the spiritual and pastoral wellbeing of patients, relatives and staff. They are available to all members of staff for confidential counsel and suppor

7、t irrespective of religion or race. A hospital chapel is also usually available.Critical careSometimes called intensive care, this unit is for the most seriously ill patients. It has a relatively small number of beds and is manned by specialist doctors and nurses, as well as by consultant anaestheti

8、sts, physiotherapists and dietitians. Patients requiring intensive care are often transferred from other hospitals or from other departments in the same hospital. Diagnostic imagingFormerly known as X-ray, this department provides a full range of diagnostic imaging services including: general radiog

9、raphy （X-ray scans） scans for A&E mammography （breast scans） ultrasound scans angiography （X-ray of blood vessels） interventional radiology （minimally invasive procedures, eg to treat narrowed arteries） CT scanning （scans that show cross sections of the body） MRI scanning （3D scans using magnetic an

10、d radio waves）.Discharge loungeMany hospitals now have discharge lounges to help your final day in hospital go smoothly. Patients who dont need to stay on the ward are transferred to the lounge on the day of discharge. Staff will inform the pharmacy, transport and relatives of your transfer. To help

11、 pass the time, there are usually facilities such as a TV, radio, magazines, puzzles, books and newspapers. If someone feels unwell while waiting, nurses contact a doctor to come and see you before discharge. Ear nose and throat （ENT）The ENT department provides care for patients with a variety of pr

12、oblems, including: general ear, nose and throat diseases neck lumps cancers of the head and neck area tear duct problems facial skin lesions balance and hearing disorders snoring and sleep apnoea ENT allergy problems salivary gland diseases voice disorders.Elderly services departmentLed by consultan

13、t physicians specialising in geriatric medicine, this department looks after a wide range of problems associated with the elderly. This includes: stroke medicine gastroenterology diabetes locomotor （movement） problems continence problems syncope （fainting） bone disease.It provides a range of service

14、s such as home visits, day hospitals and outpatient clinics. The department often has close links with other community services for the elderly.GastroenterologyEndoscopyEndoscopy involves a small thin tube with a camera on the end. This is guided down the throat to investigate problems in your oesop

15、hagus and digestive system. Small surgical instruments can be guided down in the same way, meaning it can be used for diagnosis and treatment. Run by consultants specialising in bowel-related medicine, this department investigates and treats upper and lower gastrointestinal disease, as well as disea

16、ses of the pancreas and bile duct system. This includes endoscopy and nutritional services. Sub-specialities include colerectal surgery, inflammatory bowel disease and swallowing problems. There are often endoscopy nurse specialists linked to a gastroenterology unit who are able to perform a wide ra

17、nge of bowel investigations. General surgeryThe general surgery ward covers a wide range of surgery and includes: day surgery thyroid surgery kidney transplants colon surgery laparoscopic cholecystectomy （gallbladder removal） endoscopy breast surgery.Day surgery units have a high turnover of patient

18、s who attend for minor surgical procedures such as hernia repairs. GynaecologyThese departments investigate and treat problems of the female urinary tract and reproductive organs, such as endometritis, infertility and incontinence. They also provide a range of care for cervical smear screening and p

19、ost-menopausal bleeding checks. They usually have: a specialist ward day surgery unit emergency gynaecology assessment unit outpatient clinics. HaematologyHaematology services work closely with the hospital laboratory. These doctors treat blood diseases and malignancies linked to the blood, with bot

20、h new referrals and emergency admissions being seen.Maternity departmentsWomen now have a choice of who leads their maternity care and where they give birth. Care can be led by a consultant, a GP or a midwife. Maternity wards provide antenatal care, care during childbirth and postnatal support. Ante

21、natal clinics provide monitoring for both routine and complicated pregnancies. High-dependency units can offer one-to-one care for women who need close monitoring when there are complications in pregnancy or childbirth. MicrobiologyThe microbiology department looks at all aspects of microbiology, su

22、ch as bacterial and viral infections. They have become increasingly high profile following the rise of hospital-acquired infections such as MRSA and C. difficile. A head microbiology consultant and team of microbiologists test patient samples sent to them by medical staff from the hospital and from

23、doctors surgeries. Neonatal unitNeonatal units have a number of cots that are used for intensive, high-dependency and special care for newborn babies. It always maintains close links with the hospital maternity department, in the interest of babies and their families. Neonatal units have the philoso

24、phy that, whenever possible, mother and baby should be together. NephrologyThis department monitors and assesses patients with kidney （renal） problems. Nephrologists （kidney specialists） will liaise with the transplant team in cases of kidney transplants. They also supervise the dialysis day unit fo

25、r people who are waiting for a kidney transplant or who are unable to have a transplant for any reason. NeurologyThis unit deals with disorders of the nervous system, including the brain and spinal cord. Its run by doctors who specialise in this area （neurologists） and their staff.There are also pae

26、diatric neurologists who treat children. Neurologists may also be involved in clinical research and clinical trials. Specialist nurses （epilepsy, multiple sclerosis） liaise with patients, consultants and GPs to help with any problems that may occur between outpatient appointments. Nutrition and diet

27、eticsTrained dieticians and nutritionists provide specialist advice on diet for hospital wards and outpatient clinics, forming part of a multidisciplinary team. The department works across a wide range of specialities such as: cancer kidney problems paediatrics elderly care surgery and critical care

28、 gastroenterology. They also provide group education to patients with diabetes, heart disease and osteoarthritis, and work closely with weight management groups.Obstetrics and gynaecology unitsThese units provide maternity services such as: antenatal and postnatal care prenatal diagnosis unit matern

29、al and foetal surveillance. Overseen by consultant obstetricians and gynaecologists, there is a wide range of attached staff linked to them, including specialist nurses, midwives and imaging technicians.Care can include: general inpatient and outpatient treatment colposcopy, laser therapy or hysteroscopy for abnormal cervical cells p