大学英语六级真题及答案下载Word格式文档下载.docx

大学英语六级真题及答案下载Word格式文档下载.docx

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　　Wouldyouletyourfourth-graderridepublictransportationwithoutanadult?

Probablynot.Still,whenLenoreSkenazy,acolumnistfortheNewYorkSun,wroteaboutlettinghersontakethesubwayalonetogetbacktoherManhattanhomefromadepartmentstoreontheUpperEastSide,shedidn'

texpecttogethitwithawaveofcriticismfromreaders.

　　"

Longstoryshort:

Mysongothome,overjoyedwithindependence,"

SkenazywroteonApril4intheNewYorkSun."

Longstorylonger:

HalfthepeopleI'

vetoldthisepisodetonowwanttoturnmeinforchildabuse.Asifkeepingkidsunderlockandkeyandcellphoneandcarefulwatchistherightwaytorearkids.It'

snot.It'

sdebilitating（使虚弱）-forusandforthem."

　　OnlinemessageboardsweresoonfullofpeoplebothapplaudingandcondemningSkenazy'

sdecisiontolethersongoitalone.ShewoundupdefendingherselfonCNN（accompaniedbyherson）andonpopularblogsliketheHuffingtonPost,whereherfollow-uppiecewasironicallyheadlined"

MoreFromAmerica'

sWorstMom."

　　Theepisodehasignitedanotheroneofthosedebatesthatdividesparentsintovocalopposingcamps.Aremodernparentsneedlesslyoverprotective,oristheworldamorecomplicatedanddangerousplacethanitwaswhenpreviousgenerationswereallowedtowanderaboutunsupervised?

　　Fromthe"

she'

sanirresponsiblemother"

campcame:

"

Shameonyouforbeingsocarelessabouthissafety,"

incommentsontheHuffingtonPost.Andtherewasthisfromamotheroffour:

Howwouldyouhavefeltifhedidn'

tcomehome?

"

ButSkenazygotalotofsupport,too,withwomenandmenwritinginwithstoriesabouthowtheywereallowedtotaketripsallbythemselvesatsevenoreight.Shealsogotheapsofpraiseforbuckingthe"

helicopterparent"

trend:

GoodforthisMom,"

onecommenterwroteontheHuffingtonPost."

Thisisamuch-neededrealitycheck."

　　Lastweek,encouragedbyalltheattention,Skenazystartedherownblog-FreeRangeKids-promotingtheideathatmodernchildrenneedsomeofthesameindependencethathergenerationhad.Inthegoodolddaysnine-year-oldbabyboomersrodetheirbikestoschool,walkedtothestore,tookbuses-andevensubways-allbythemselves.Herblog,shesays,isdedicatedtosensibleparenting."

AtFreeRangeKids,webelieveinsafekids.Webelieveincarseatsandsafetybelts.WedoNOTbelievethateverytimeschool-agechildrengooutside,theyneedasecurityguard."

　　Sowhyaresomeparentssonervousaboutlettingtheirchildrenoutoftheirsight?

Arecitiesandtownslesssafeandkidsmorevulnerabletocrimeslikechildkidnapandsexualabusethantheywereinpreviousgenerations?

　　Notexactly.NewYorkCity,forinstance,issaferthanit'

severbeen;

it'

sranked136thincrimeamongallAmericancities.Nationwide,strangerkidnapsareextremelyrare;

there'

saone-in-a-millionchanceachildwillbetakenbyastranger,accordingtotheJusticeDepartment.And90percentofsexualabusecasesarecommittedbysomeonethechildknows.Mortalityratesfromallcauses,includingdiseaseandaccidents,forAmericanchildrenarelowernowthantheywere25yearsago.AccordingtoChildTrends,anonprofitresearchgroup,between1980and2003deathratesdroppedby44percentforchildrenaged5to14and32percentforteensaged15to19.

　　Thenthere'

sthewholequestionofwhethermodernparentsaremorewatchfulandnervousaboutsafetythanpreviousgenerations.Yes,someare.Partoftheproblemisthatwithwall-to-wallInternetandcablenews,everymissingchildcasegetssomuchairtimethatit'

snotsurprisingevennormalparentalanxietycanbeamplified.Andmanymiddle-classparentshavegottenusedtomanagingtheirchildren'

stimeandshuttlingthemtovariousenrichingactivities,sotheideaoflettingthemoutontheirowncanseemlikearisk.Backin1972,whenmanyoftoday'

sparentswerekids,87percentofchildrenwholivedwithinamileofschoolwalkedorbikedeveryday.Buttoday,theCentersforDiseaseControlreportthatonly13percentofchildrenbike,walkorotherwisegetthemselvestoschool.

　　Theextrasupervisionisbothacityandasuburbanphenomenon.Parentsareworriedaboutcrime,andthey'

reworriedaboutkidsgettingcaughtintrafficinacitythat'

snotusedtopedestrians.Ontheotherhand,therearestillplentyofkidswhoseparentsgivethemalotofindependence,bychoiceorbynecessity.TheAfterSchoolAlliancefindsthatmorethan14millionkidsaged5to17areresponsiblefortakingcareofthemselvesafterschool.Only6.5millionkidsparticipateinorganizedprograms."

Manychildrenwhohaveworkingparentshavetotakethesubwayorbustogettoschool.Manydothisbythemselvesbecausetheyhavenootherwaytogettotheirschools,"

saysDr.RichardGallagher,directoroftheParentingInstituteattheNewYorkUniversityChildStudyCenter.

　　Forthoseparentswhowonderhowandwhentheyshouldstartallowingtheirkidsmorefreedom,there'

snoclear-cutanswer.Childexpertsdiscourageaone-size-fits-allapproachtoparenting.What'

srightforSkenazy'

snine-year-oldcouldbeinappropriateforanotherone.Italldependsondevelopmentalissues,maturity,andthepsychologicalandemotionalmakeupofthatchild.Severalfactorsmustbetakenintoaccount,saysGallagher."

Theabilitytofollowparentguidelines,thechild'

slevelofcomfortinhandlingsuchsituations,andachild'

sgeneraljudgmentshouldbeweighed."

　　GallagheragreeswithSkenazythatmanynine-year-oldsarereadyforindependenceliketakingpublictransportationalone."

Atcertaintimesoftheday,oncertainroutes,thesubwaysaregenerallysafeforthesechildren,especiallyiftheyhavegrownupinthecityandhavebeentaughthowtobesafe,howtoobtainhelpiftheyareconcernedfortheirsafety,andhowtoavoidunsafesituationsbybeingwatchfulandontheirtoes."

　　Butevenwithmoretrafficandfewersidewalks,modernparentsdohaveoneadvantagetheirparentsdidn'

t:

thecellphone.Beingabletocheckinwithachildanytimegoesalongwaytowardrelievingparentalanxietyandmayhelpparentsloosentheircontrolalittlesooner.Skenazygotalotofcriticismbecauseshedidn'

tgiveherkidhercellphonebecauseshethoughthe'

dloseitandwantedhimtolearntogoitalonewithoutdependingonmom-amajorprincipleoffree-rangeparenting.Butmostparentsaremorethanhappytousecellphonestokeeptracksontheirkids.

　　Andforthosewholiketheideaoffree-rangekidsbutstillstrugglewiththeirinnerhelicopterparent,theremaybeamiddleway.AnewgenerationofGPScellphoneswithtrackingsoftwaremakeiteasierthanevertofollowachild'

severymovementviatheInternet-withoutseemingtointerfereorhover.Ofcourse,whentheygotocollege,theymightstartobjectingtobeingmonitoredasifthey'

reonparole（假释）.

　　1.WhenLenoreSkenazy'

ssonwasallowedtotakethesubwayalone,he_______.

　　[A]wasafraidthathemightgetlost

　　[B]enjoyedhavingtheindependence

　　[C]wasonlytoopleasedtotaketherisk

　　[D]thoughthewasanexceptionalchild

　　2.LenoreSkenazybelievesthatkeepingkidsundercarefulwatch_______.

　　[A]hinderstheirhealthygrowth

　　[B]addstoomuchtoparents'

expenses

　　[C]showstraditionalparentalcaution

　　[D]bucksthelatestparentingtrend

　　3.Skenazy'

sdecisiontolethersontakethesubwayalonehasmetwith_______.

　　[A]oppositionfromherownfamily

　　[B]officialchargesofchildabuse

　　[C]approvalfrompsychologists

　　[D]somewhatmixedresponses

　　4.Skenazystartedherownblogto_______.

　　[A]promotesensibleparenting

　　[B]shareparentingexperience

　　[C]fightagainstchildabuse

　　[D]protectchildren'

sright

　　5.Accordingtotheauthor,NewYorkCity_______.

　　[A]rankshighinroadaccidents

　　[B]ismuchsaferthanbefore

　　[C]rankslowinchildmortalityrates

　　[D]islessdangerousthansmallcities

　　6.Parentstodayaremorenervousabouttheirkids'

safetythanpreviousgenerationsbecause_______.

　　[A]therearenowfewerchildreninthefamily

　　[B]thenumberoftrafficaccidentshasbeenincreasing

　　[C]theirfearisamplifiedbymediaexposureofcrime

　　[D]crimerateshavebeenontheriseovertheyears

　　7.Accordingtochildexperts,howandwhenkidsmaybeallowedmorefreedomdependson_______.

　　[A]thetraditionsandcustomsofthecommunity

　　[B]thesafetyconditionsoftheirneighborhood

　　[C]theirparents'

psychologicalmakeup

　　[D]theirmaturityandpersonalqualities

　　8.AccordingtoGallagherandSkenazy,childrenwhoarewatchfulwillbebetterabletostayawayfrom_________.

　　9.Beingabletofindoutwhereachildisanytimehelpslessenparent