浙江省选考英语写作指导与模拟训练第二节概要写作Word文档下载推荐.docx

浙江省选考英语写作指导与模拟训练第二节概要写作Word文档下载推荐.docx

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概要写作旨在考查考生的阅读理解能力和概括运用英语语言知识的能力。

该题型主要考查考生对大段阅读文字的概括能力，如考查考生对文章主旨大意的概括和准确获取关键词的能力。

同时，考查考生用简洁的语言概括文章重要信息的能力以及对文章整体结构的把握能力。

进行概要写作时，考生要把文章的具体信息用一些具有概括功能的词或句表述出来，而不是抄袭文章的原句，更不是把细节性信息作为中心。

考生要通过对文章中的单词、词组和句子进行合理转换，对文章的具体信息进行概括，再用合适的语言表达出来。

（一）写作步骤

点。

3．牢记词数要求，使用地道表达。

明确写作词数的上下限，采用高级或精简句式浓缩多个信息点于一句中，高度概括所给文章内容。

弄清写作任务中的人称和时态，准确、地道地表达，充分展示语言的表现力。

（三）注意事项

1．概要应包括原文中的主要事实，略去不必要的细节。

2．安排好篇幅的比例，概要应同原文保持协调，即用较多的文字写重要内容，用较少的文字写次要内容。

3．注意要点之间的衔接，要用适当的关联词语贯通全文，切忌只简单地罗列一些互不相干的句子，但也不要每两句之间都加关联词语，以免显得生硬。

4．尽量使用短句，慎用长难句。

多使用概括性词语，少用具体描述性词语。

不排斥用原文的某些词句，但不要照搬原文的句子，如果不能完全用自己的话语表达，至少对原文句子作一些同义词替换，如果结构上也能有一些转换会更好。

5．计算词数，看是否符合规定的词数要求。

以40－80词为宜。

1

阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

Inmanysocieties，thereisoftengreateracceptanceoflightskinthandarkskin.Lightskinmaybeseenasamarkofbeauty，intelligenceandsuccess.Thesebeliefscanleadtosocialpressureevenwithinthesameracialorethnicgroup，ifsomemembersaredarkerskinnedthanothers.

TheresultisthatskinlighteninghasbecomeacommonactivityacrossAfrica，Asiaandotherareasoftheworld.Moreandmorepeoplewithdarkskinareusingskinlighteningproducts，eveniftheymayfacehealthrisks.

Theybelievethathavingwhiterskinwillimprovetheirlives.Manypeoplethinktheywillhaveabetterchanceofgettingajobormarryingintoabetterfamily.Ortheywanttolooklikewhattheirsocietygenerallyconsidersbeautiful.

Somebeautycareproductsandsoapscontainchemicalsthatmakeskinlighter.Thisprocessisalsocalledbleaching（漂白）．Butsomeofthechemicalsareextremelydangerous.Oneofthechemicalshasbeenlinkedtokidney（肾）damageandsomekindsofcancer.Italsocauseslowbirthweightinbabieswhenmothersuseitduringpregnancy.

Atfirst，bleachingproductsmaketheskincolorlighter.Butafterlongtermusetheycancauseproblems.Theycanevenmakesomeskindarker.Thechemicalsintheproductsblockandbreakdownthenaturalprocessthatgivescolortoskin.Theskinlosesitsnaturalbarriertoprotectagainstsunlight.Thentheskincanbecomethickanddiscolored.Usuallythepersonwillusemoreoftheproductinanefforttocorrecttheproblem，butthisonlymakesitworse.

DoctorLy，whoworksinahospital，saysthechemicalsarenowmoredangerousbecausetheyarestronger.Somecaseshaveresultedinblackenedfingernails，infectionsandpermanentskindamage.Andthesearenottheonlyrisks.Expertssaysomepeoplewhochangetheirskincolorsufferemotionaldamage.Theyfeelregretandsadness.Theyfeelthatinsteadofriskingtheirhealth，theyshouldhavelearnedtoloveandaccepttheirskincolorasitwas.

2

Areyoushy？

Ifyouare，youarenotalone.Infact，closeto50percentofpeopleareshy.Almost80percentofpeoplefeelshyatsomepointintheirlives.Thesedays，shynessisbecomingmoreandmorecommon.Now，scientistsaretryingtounderstandshyness.Theyhavesomeinterestingideasaboutwhypeopleareshy.

Isitpossibletobebornshy？

Manyscientistssayyes.Theysay15to20percentofbabiesbehaveshyly.Thesebabiesarealittlequieterandmorewatchfulthanotherbabies.Interestingly.theseshybabiesusuallyhaveshyparents.Asaresult，scientiststhinkthatsomeshynessisgenetic.

Familysizemightcausepeopletobeshyaswell.ScientistsatHarvardUniversitystudiedshychildren.Theyfoundthat66percentofthemhadolderbrothersandsisters.Asaresult，theybecameshy.Atthesametime，childrenwithnobrothersandsistersmaybeshyaswell.Growingupalone，theyoftenplaybythemselves.Theyarenotabletolearnthesamesocialskillsaschildrenfrombigfamilies.

Youmayalsobeshybecauseofwhereyouwereborn.Whenscientistsstudiedshynessindifferentcountries，theyfoundsurprisingdifferences.InJapan，mostpeoplesaidtheywereshy.ButinIsrael，onlyoneofthreepeoplesaidso.Whatexplainsthedifference？

OnescientistsaystheJapaneseandIsraelishavedifferentopinionsoffailure.InJapan，whenpeopledonotsucceed，theyfeelbadaboutthemselves.Theyblamethemselvesfortheirfailure.InIsrael，theoppositeistrue.Israelisoftenblamefailureonoutsidereasons，suchasfamily，teachers，friends，orbadluck.InIsrael，freedomofopinionandrisktakingarestronglysupported.ThismaybewhyIsraelisworrylessaboutfailureandarelessshy.

Forshypeople，itcanbedifficulttomakefriends，speakinclass，andevengetagoodjob.Butscientistssayyoucangetoveryourshyness.Theysuggesttryingnewthingsandpracticingconversation.Anddon’tforget—ifyouareshy，youarenottheonlyone.

3

Thesedaysoursocietydevelopsrapidlyandforcespeopletorush.Itappearsthatpeoplehavegotusedtobeinginahurry.However，itisbetterforpeopletotaketheirtimeandlivetheirlifeataslowerpacethantohurrytogetthingsdone.

Themainreasonthatconvincesustoopposedoingworkinahurryisthepossibilityofdoingwrongsinarush.Whenpeopledotheirjobsortakeactioninahurry，theycannotmakeasounddecisionandprobablyregretlater.Asthesayinggoes，“Hastemakeswaste.”Weshouldthinkcarefullybeforemakingadecisionanddoourworklessquickly.Weshouldnotmakemistakesbydoingworkhurriedly.

Slowingdownthepaceoflifehelpspeopleenjoytheirlifebetter.Forexample，takingatraintosomeplacecertainlywilltakemoretimethantakingaplane.However，takingatrainmakespeoplehaveenoughtimetogettoknowalotofnewfriends.Besides，itallowspeopletofullyenjoythebeautifulsceneryalongtheway.Onthecontrary，beinginahurrywillmakeuslosechancesofenjoyingourlife.

Finally，slowerlifepaceprovidesbetterhealthyconditionsforus.Asisknowntoall，takingactioninahurrybotherspeopleandraisestheirstress.Peoplethinkiftheyarenotinhurry，theywillbecomealoserandthatannoysthem.Beinginahurrycanhurtpeoplebothphysicallyandmentally.Accordingtosomestudies，peoplewhohaveaslowerpacesufferfewerdiseases，tendtobehappierandlivemuchlongerthanthosewhoselifeistense，eveniftheformerfinishjobsmoreslowlythanthelatter.

Inshort，workingquicklywillbringaboutmorematerialbenefitstomakeoursocietymoreadvanced.However，muchstresscan’tbringenjoyment，friendsandhealth，whicharemuchmoreimportantthanmoneyandothermaterialadvantages.Therefore，takeyourtimeandliveyourlifeataslowerpace.

4

Cyberspace（网络空间）hasgivenrisetoanewsocialchangewherepeoplemakefriendsfromacrosstheworld，butknowlittleabouttheirnextdoorneighbors.Thisworriescritics（批评家）．TakeBobforexample.Hethinkshisneighbordoesn’tknowanythingaboutgardening，buthisnetfriendGr33nThumdoes.Besides，Gr33nThumdoesn’tdothatannoyingsoundwhenhetalks.ThosepeoplelikeBobhavelongbeencriticizedfortheirlackofnecessarysocialskills.Criticsthinkpeoplealmostforgethowtonaturallycommunicatewiththeirneighbors，creatingasocialnetworkofstrangers.

However，areportentitled“TheStrengthofInternetTies”providesadifferentopinion.ItsuggeststhattheInternethelpsdevelopsocialnetworksandmakeuseofthemwhenitmattersmost.

Friendsoftenmove.Askids，ourfriends’parentsmoveaway.Asadults，wemoveawaytocollegeorforwork.Communicativetoolshavemadepeoplelosetouchwitheachotherasaresultoflaziness，notdistance.“Thelargerandthemorediverse（多样的）aperson’snetwork，themoreimportantemailis，”arguesJeffreyBoase，whocoauthoredthereport.“Youcan’tmakephonecallsorpersonalvisitstoallyourfriendsveryoften，butyoucankeepintouchwiththemregularlywiththehelpoftheInternet.Thatturnsouttobeveryimportant.”

Inadditiontoexpandingandstrengtheningthesocialtiespeoplekeepintheofflineworld，Internetandemailprovideasocialandinformationalsupportgroupthathelpspeoplemakedifficultdecisionsandfacechallenges.“Internetuseprovidesonlineuserswithapathtoresources，suchasaccesstopeoplewhomayhavetherightinformationtohelpdealwithfamilyhealthproblemsorfindanewjob，”saysJohnHorrigan，authorofthereport.“TheInternetcreatesanewbasisforcommunity.Ratherthanrelyingonasinglecommunityforsocialsupport，peopleoftenmustactivelyseekoutavarietyofappropriatepeopleandresourcesfordifferentsituations，”sayscoauthorBarryWellman.

5

Formostofus，socialmedia，likeTwitterandFacebook，isapartofoureverydaylives—atwork，homeorboth.Butalotofpeoplearestillfiguringoutwhentouseitandhow.Thisisespeciallytrueinhighschool，wheremanyteachersareunsureofhowitfitsintheclassroom.

DanKrutka，ahighschoolteacher，isanadvocateforusingsocialmediaintheclassroom，andisanenthusiasticuserofTwitterhimself.Krutkasaysit’sagreatwaytocommunicatewithhisstudentsduringnonclasshours.“Youcancontinuetolearntogetheroutsidetheclassroom，”saysKrutka.“SowhenstudentsarepostingonTwitter—saytheypostsomethinginaccuratelyortheymakeareallygoodpoint—Icangoaheadandrespondtothembeforeclass.”

Krutkasaystweetingwithhisstudentsisn’tjustaboutconvenience，it’salesson.Hesaysstudentsneedtolearnhowtousesocialmediaproperly.“Peopleusesocialmediairresponsiblyandschoolshouldbeaplacewherewe’retalkingaboutthatandhowtouseitresponsibly，”hesays.“Asateacher，Ithinkpartofmyjobistohelpstudentsunderstandhowtomakebestuseofitasthoughtfullearners.”

ButKrutkaisamongthefeweducatorswhofeelthisway.Many