浙江省选考英语写作指导与模拟训练第二节概要写作Word文档下载推荐.docx

1、概要写作旨在考查考生的阅读理解能力和概括运用英语语言知识的能力。该题型主要考查考生对大段阅读文字的概括能力，如考查考生对文章主旨大意的概括和准确获取关键词的能力。同时，考查考生用简洁的语言概括文章重要信息的能力以及对文章整体结构的把握能力。进行概要写作时，考生要把文章的具体信息用一些具有概括功能的词或句表述出来，而不是抄袭文章的原句，更不是把细节性信息作为中心。考生要通过对文章中的单词、词组和句子进行合理转换，对文章的具体信息进行概括，再用合适的语言表达出来。（一）写作步骤点。3牢记词数要求，使用地道表达。明确写作词数的上下限，采用高级或精简句式浓缩多个信息点于一句中，高度概括所给文章内容。弄

2、清写作任务中的人称和时态，准确、地道地表达，充分展示语言的表现力。（三）注意事项1概要应包括原文中的主要事实，略去不必要的细节。2安排好篇幅的比例，概要应同原文保持协调，即用较多的文字写重要内容，用较少的文字写次要内容。3注意要点之间的衔接，要用适当的关联词语贯通全文，切忌只简单地罗列一些互不相干的句子，但也不要每两句之间都加关联词语，以免显得生硬。4尽量使用短句，慎用长难句。多使用概括性词语，少用具体描述性词语。不排斥用原文的某些词句，但不要照搬原文的句子，如果不能完全用自己的话语表达，至少对原文句子作一些同义词替换，如果结构上也能有一些转换会更好。5计算词数，看是否符合规定的词数要求。以4

3、080词为宜。1阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。In many societies，there is often greater acceptance of light skin than dark skin.Light skin may be seen as a mark of beauty，intelligence and success.These beliefs can lead to social pressure even within the same racial or ethnic group，if some members are darker skin

4、ned than others.The result is that skin lightening has become a common activity across Africa，Asia and other areas of the world.More and more people with dark skin are using skinlightening products，even if they may face health risks.They believe that having whiter skin will improve their lives.Many

5、people think they will have a better chance of getting a job or marrying into a better family.Or they want to look like what their society generally considers beautiful.Some beauty care products and soaps contain chemicals that make skin lighter.This process is also called bleaching（漂白）But some of t

6、he chemicals are extremely dangerous.One of the chemicals has been linked to kidney（肾） damage and some kinds of cancer.It also causes low birth weight in babies when mothers use it during pregnancy.At first，bleaching products make the skin color lighter.But after longterm use they can cause problems

7、.They can even make some skin darker.The chemicals in the products block and break down the natural process that gives color to skin.The skin loses its natural barrier to protect against sunlight.Then the skin can become thick and discolored.Usually the person will use more of the product in an effo

8、rt to correct the problem，but this only makes it worse.Doctor Ly，who works in a hospital，says the chemicals are now more dangerous because they are stronger.Some cases have resulted in blackened fingernails，infections and permanent skin damage.And these are not the only risks.Experts say some people

9、 who change their skin color suffer emotional damage.They feel regret and sadness.They feel that instead of risking their health，they should have learned to love and accept their skin color as it was. 2Are you shy？If you are，you are not alone.In fact，close to 50 percent of people are shy.Almost 80 p

10、ercent of people feel shy at some point in their lives.These days，shyness is becoming more and more common.Now，scientists are trying to understand shyness.They have some interesting ideas about why people are shy.Is it possible to be born shy？Many scientists say yes.They say 15 to 20 percent of babi

11、es behave shyly.These babies are a little quieter and more watchful than other babies.Interestingly.these shy babies usually have shy parents.As a result，scientists think that some shyness is genetic.Family size might cause people to be shy as well.Scientists at Harvard University studied shy childr

12、en.They found that 66 percent of them had older brothers and sisters.As a result，they became shy.At the same time，children with no brothers and sisters may be shy as well.Growing up alone，they often play by themselves.They are not able to learn the same social skills as children from big families.Yo

13、u may also be shy because of where you were born.When scientists studied shyness in different countries，they found surprising differences.In Japan，most people said they were shy.But in Israel，only one of three people said so.What explains the difference？One scientist says the Japanese and Israelis h

14、ave different opinions of failure.In Japan，when people do not succeed，they feel bad about themselves.They blame themselves for their failure.In Israel，the opposite is true.Israelis often blame failure on outside reasons，such as family，teachers，friends，or bad luck.In Israel，freedom of opinion and ris

15、k taking are strongly supported.This may be why Israelis worry less about failure and are less shy.For shy people，it can be difficult to make friends，speak in class，and even get a good job.But scientists say you can get over your shyness.They suggest trying new things and practicing conversation.And

16、 dont forgetif you are shy，you are not the only one.3These days our society develops rapidly and forces people to rush.It appears that people have got used to being in a hurry.However，it is better for people to take their time and live their life at a slower pace than to hurry to get things done.The

17、 main reason that convinces us to oppose doing work in a hurry is the possibility of doing wrongs in a rush.When people do their jobs or take action in a hurry，they cannot make a sound decision and probably regret later.As the saying goes，“Haste makes waste.” We should think carefully before making

18、a decision and do our work less quickly.We should not make mistakes by doing work hurriedly.Slowing down the pace of life helps people enjoy their life better.For example，taking a train to some place certainly will take more time than taking a plane.However，taking a train makes people have enough ti

19、me to get to know a lot of new friends.Besides，it allows people to fully enjoy the beautiful scenery along the way.On the contrary，being in a hurry will make us lose chances of enjoying our life.Finally，slower life pace provides better healthy conditions for us.As is known to all，taking action in a

20、hurry bothers people and raises their stress.People think if they are not in hurry，they will become a loser and that annoys them.Being in a hurry can hurt people both physically and mentally.According to some studies，people who have a slower pace suffer fewer diseases，tend to be happier and live muc

21、h longer than those whose life is tense，even if the former finish jobs more slowly than the latter.In short，working quickly will bring about more material benefits to make our society more advanced.However，much stress cant bring enjoyment，friends and health，which are much more important than money a

22、nd other material advantages.Therefore，take your time and live your life at a slower pace.4Cyberspace（网络空间） has given rise to a new social change where people make friends from across the world，but know little about their nextdoor neighbors.This worries critics（批评家）Take Bob for example.He thinks his

23、 neighbor doesnt know anything about gardening，but his net friend Gr33nThum does.Besides，Gr33nThum doesnt do that annoying sound when he talks.Those people like Bob have long been criticized for their lack of necessary social skills.Critics think people almost forget how to naturally communicate wit

24、h their neighbors，creating a social network of strangers.However，a report entitled “The Strength of Internet Ties” provides a different opinion.It suggests that the Internet helps develop social networks and make use of them when it matters most.Friends often move.As kids，our friends parents move aw

25、ay.As adults，we move away to college or for work.Communicative tools have made people lose touch with each other as a result of laziness，not distance.“The larger and the more diverse（多样的） a persons network，the more important email is，” argues Jeffrey Boase，who coauthored the report.“You cant make ph

26、one calls or personal visits to all your friends very often，but you can keep in touch with them regularly with the help of the Internet.That turns out to be very important.”In addition to expanding and strengthening the social ties people keep in the offline world，Internet and email provide a social

27、 and informational support group that helps people make difficult decisions and face challenges.“Internet use provides online users with a path to resources，such as access to people who may have the right information to help deal with family health problems or find a new job，” says John Horrigan，aut

28、hor of the report.“The Internet creates a new basis for community.Rather than relying on a single community for social support，people often must actively seek out a variety of appropriate people and resources for different situations，” says coauthor Barry Wellman.5For most of us，social media，like Tw

29、itter and Facebook，is a part of our everyday livesat work，home or both.But a lot of people are still figuring out when to use it and how.This is especially true in high school，where many teachers are unsure of how it fits in the classroom.Dan Krutka，a high school teacher，is an advocate for using soc

30、ial media in the classroom，and is an enthusiastic user of Twitter himself.Krutka says its a great way to communicate with his students during nonclass hours.“You can continue to learn together outside the classroom，” says Krutka.“So when students are posting on Twittersay they post something inaccur

31、ately or they make a really good pointI can go ahead and respond to them before class.”Krutka says tweeting with his students isnt just about convenience，its a lesson.He says students need to learn how to use social media properly.“People use social media irresponsibly and school should be a place where were talking about that and how to use it responsibly，” he says.“As a teacher，I think part of my job is to help students understand how to make best use of it as thoughtful learners.”But Krutka is among the few educators who feel this way.Many