hightemperature highpressure PARR reactor is proposed for optimizing the extraction of phenolic文档格式.docx

hightemperature highpressure PARR reactor is proposed for optimizing the extraction of phenolic文档格式.docx

《hightemperature highpressure PARR reactor is proposed for optimizing the extraction of phenolic文档格式.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《hightemperature highpressure PARR reactor is proposed for optimizing the extraction of phenolic文档格式.docx（35页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

AbstractAbstract|Figures/TablesFigures/Tables|ReferencesReferences

Brassinosteroids（BRs）areagroupofnaturallyoccurringplantsteroidalcompoundswithwiderangingbiologicalactivity.BecauseBRscontrolseveralimportantagronomictraitssuchasfloweringtime,plantarchitecture,seedyieldandstresstolerance,thegeneticmanipulationofBRbiosynthesis,conversionorperceptionoffersauniquepossibilityofsignificantlyincreasingcropyieldsthroughbothchangingplantmetabolismandprotectingplantsfromenvironmentalstresses.GeneticmanipulationofBRactivityhasindeedledtoincreasesincropyieldby20–60%,confirmingthevalueoffurtherresearchonBRstoimproveproductivity.

ArticleOutline

Introduction

BRsignaling

BRbiosynthesisgenes

EngineeringBRlevelsandsensitivitytoincreaseyield

EngineeringBRlevelstoincreasestresstolerance

Futuredirections

Acknowledgements

References

Purchase

$31.50

127

Serenoarepens:

TheScientificBasisfortheTreatmentofBenignProstaticHyperplasia 

EuropeanUrologySupplements,Volume8,Issue13,December2009,Pages887-893

FouadK.Habib

Abstract

Context

Medicaltherapiesderivedfromnaturalsourceshavebeenusedforcenturies.Manyareaseffectiveassyntheticmedications.Theuseofplant-derivedmedicationsforbenignprostatichyperplasia（BPH）isnoexception.Inparticular,extractsofSerenoarepens（SrE）,thefruitoftheAmericandwarfpalm,arewidelyavailable,andtheiruseisrisingthroughouttheworld.

Objective

TheunderlyingbasisforSrEpopularitystemsfromitssafetyandtolerabilityprofile.However,despiteitsextensiveuse,itsmechanismofactionhasnotbeendefinitelyclarified.Inthispaper,weanalysethescientificbasisforSrEefficacyinthetreatmentofBPHandexplorethemechanismsbywhichitseffectsareinduced.

Evidenceacquisition

ThisliteraturereviewfocusesontheactionsofthelipidosterolicSrEonahostoftargets.Severalcellularandmoleculartechniqueshavebeenusedtocharacterisethebiologicpathwaysthatmaymediatetheseactions.MorphologicstudieshavebeencarriedouttoidentifythechangesofprostateultrastructureandtodeterminemodificationsthatmayshedlightonthemechanismsunderlyingSrEefficacy.

Evidencesynthesis

SelectivityoftheactionofSrEfortheprostatehasbeendemonstrated.Thereareseveralmorphologicchanges,andtheseareaccompaniedbyanincreaseintheapoptoticindexofthegland,alongwithinhibitionoftheactivityofthe5α-reductaseisoenzymes.Thedrugalsoactsonanumberofotherbiologicsystemsandshowsacapacitytomoderatetheandrogenic,apoptotic,andinflammatorypathwaysofthecell.Thesepathwayshavebeenimplicatedinthehyperplasticprocess.

Conclusions

TheinteractionbetweenprostatecellsandSrEismanifestatseverallevelsofthegland'

sbiologicalspectrumandresultsinantiandrogenic,anti-inflammatory,andproapoptoticeffects.TheseeffectsmayaccountforthebeneficialresponsetriggeredinsomepatientswithBPHtreatedwithSrE.

1.Introduction

2.Evidenceacquisition

3.Evidencesynthesis

3.1.OrganspecificityofSerenoarepens

3.2.AntiandrogenicactivitiesofSerenoarepens

3.3.Anti-inflammatorypropertiesofSerenoarepens

3.4.TheproapoptoticcharacteristicsofSerenoarepens

3.5.AreallbrandsofSerenoarepensequal?

4.Conclusions

Conflictsofinterest

Fundingsupport

TakeHomeMessage

Serenoarepens（sawpalmetto）extractsarecomplexmixturesofcompoundsthatactsimultaneouslyonseveralbiologicpathwaysknowntobeassociatedwiththedevelopmentofbenignprostatichyperplasia（BPH）inman.ReversaloftheprohyperplasticpathwaysbythedrugaccountsforitsclinicalefficacyinthetreatmentofBPH.

128

Thefateandtoxicityoftheflavonoidsnaringeninandformononetininsoil 

OriginalResearchArticle

SoilBiologyandBiochemistry,Volume40,Issue2,February2008,Pages528-536

LizJ.Shaw,JohnE.Hooker

Theflavonoidclassofplantsecondarymetabolitesplayamultifunctionalroleinbelow-groundplant–microbeinteractionswiththeirbestknownfunctionassignalsinthenitrogenfixinglegume–rhizobiasymbiosis.Flavonoidsenterrhizospheresoilasaresultofrootexudationandsenescencebutlittleisknownabouttheirsubsequentfateorimpactsonmicrobialactivity.Therefore,thepresentstudyexaminedthesorptivebehaviour,biodegradationandimpactondehydrogenaseactivity（asdeterminedbyiodonitrotetrazoliumchloridereduction）oftheflavonoidsnaringeninandformononetininsoil.Organiccarbonnormalisedpartitioncoefficients,log 

Koc,of3.12（formononetin）and3.19（naringenin）wereestimatedfromsorptionisothermsand,aftercomparisonwithliteraturelog 

Kocvaluesforcompoundswhosesoilbehaviourisbettercharacterised,thetestflavonoidsweredeemedtobemoderatelysorbed.Naringenin（spikedat50 

μg 

g−1）wasbiodegradedwithoutadetectablelagphasewithconcentrationsreducedto0.13±

0.01 

g−1attheendofthe96 

htimecourse.Biodegradationofformononetinproceededafteralagphaseof

24 

hwithconcentrationsreducedto4.5±

1%ofthesterilecontrolafter72 

h.Mostprobablenumber（MPN）analysisrevealedthatpriortotheadditionofflavonoids,thesoilcontained5.4×

106 

MPN 

g−1（naringenin）and7.9×

105 

g−1（formononetin）catabolicmicrobes.Formononetinconcentrationhadnosignificant（p>

0.05）effectonsoildehydrogenaseactivity,whereasnaringeninconcentrationhadanoverallbutnon-systematicimpact（p=0.045）.Theseresultsarediscussedwithreferencetolikelytotalandbioavailableconcentrationsofflavonoidsexperiencedbymicrobesintherhizosphere.

2.Materialsandmethods

2.1.Soilandflavonoids

2.2.Constructionofflavonoidsorptionisotherms

2.3.Flavonoidbiodegradation

2.4.Mostprobablenumberdeterminations

2.5.Dehydrogenaseassay

2.6.Highperformanceliquidchromatography（HPLC）

3.Results

3.1.Adsorptionisotherms

3.2.Biodegradationandmostprobablenumberanalysis

3.3.Naringeninandformononetinimpactsondehydrogenaseactivity

4.Discussion

4.1.Sorption

4.2.Biodegradationofnaringeninandformononetin

4.3.Toxicity

5.Conclusion

Appendix:

.Calculationofatotalsoilconcentrationfornaringeninfromanaqueousphaseconcentration,takingintoaccountnaringeninpartitioningbehaviourinsoil

129

CatalyticremovalofNOandPAHsoverAC-supportedcatalystsfromincinerationfluegas:

Bench-scaleandpilot-planttests 

ChemicalEngineeringJournal,InPress,CorrectedProof,Availableonline6March2011

Hui-HsinTseng,Chi-YuanLu,Feng-YimChang,Ming-YenWey,Han-TsungCheng

Fordioxinremovalfromincinerationfluegas,thecommonmethodisabsorptionusingactivatedcarbon（AC）.Inordertoreducetheconsumptionofenergy,itisworthtoevaluatethedestructionremovalefficiency（DRE）ofNOandpolycyclicaromatichydrocarbons（PAHs）overACwithafewmetalsloadingwhiledioxinisphysicalabsorbedbyAC.Asaresult,inthepresentwork,theuseofACasacatalystsupportforsimultaneousNOreductionandPAHscatalyticoxidationwasinvestigatedasanalternativetechnologytoimproveincineratorprocesses.ThisstudyexaminedtheselectiveremovalofNOandPAHsfromincinerationfluegascontainingO2,N2,CO2,H2O,NO,organiccompoundsandflyashoverM/ACcatalysts（M 

= 

Fe,Co,Ni,andCu）usingbench-scaleandpilot-planttests.InvestigationsontheeffectsoftheincinerationfluegascompositionandthestructureofthemetalactivesiteonNOandPAHsconversionrevealedthattheconversionactivityincreasesastheatomicnumberofthetransitionmetalsincrease,exceptforNi.CarbonmonoxidecanactasareductanttoincreasetheNOremovalefficiency.TheM/ACcatalystsshowedhighreactivityforsimultaneousPAHsoxidationandNOreduction.TheresultsprovideusefulinformationforthedesignandapplicationofACinjectionorselectivecatalystreductionsystemsforwasteincinerationplants.

2.Experimental

2.1.Catalystpreparation

2.2.Catalystcharacterization

2.3.Bench-scaletesting

2.4.Pilot-planttesting

3.Resultsanddiscussion

3.1.Catalystcharacterization

3.2.Bench-scaletesting:

effectofthechemicalstateoftheactivesite

3.3.Bench-scaletesting:

effectofgascomposition

3.4.Bench-scaletesting:

poisoningofM/ACcatalysts

3.5.Pilot-planttesting

130

ChangesinapolarmetabolitesduringinvitroorganogenesisofPancratiummaritimum 

PlantPhysiologyandBiochemistry,Volume48,Issues10-11,October-November2010,Pag