社会语言学练习文档格式.docx

社会语言学练习文档格式.docx

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9.Geographicalbarriersaretheonlysourceofregionalvariationoflanguage。

10.Aperson’ssocialbackgroundsdonotexertashapinginfluenceonhischoiceoflinguisticfeatures。

11.Twospeakersofthesamelanguageordialectusetheirlanguageordialectinthesameway。

12.Everyspeakerofalanguageis,inastrictersense,aspeakerofadistinctidiolect.

13.Thestandardlanguageisabetterlanguagethannonstandardlanguages。

14.Alinguafrancacanonlybeusedwithinaparticularcountryforcommunicationamonggroupsofpeoplewithdifferentlinguisticbackgrounds。

15.Pidginsarelinguisticallyinferiortostandardlanguages。

16.Apidginusuallyreflectstheinfluenceofthehigher,ordominant,languageinitslexiconandthatofthelowerlanguageintheirphonologyandoccasionallysyntax.

17.ThemajordifferencebetweenapidginandaCreoleisthattheformerusuallyhasitsnativespeakerswhilethelatterdoesn’t。

18.Bilingualismanddiglossiameanthesamething。

19.Thekindofnameortermspeakersusetocallorrefertosomeonemayindicatesomethingoftheirsocialrelationshiptoorpersonalfeelingsaboutthatindividual.

20.Theuseofeuphemismshastheeffectofremovingderogatoryovertonesandthedisassociativeeffectassuchisusuallylong-lasting。

II.Fillineachoftheblanksbelowwithonewordwhichbeginswiththelettergiven:

21. 

Thesocialgroupisolatedforanygivenstudyiscalledthespeechc________.

22. 

Speechv_________referstoanydistinguishableformofspeechusedbyaspeakerorgroupofspeakers.

23. 

Fromthesociolinguisticperspective,aspeechvarietyisnomorethanad__________varietyofalanguage.

24. 

Languagestandardizationisalsocalledlanguagep_______.

25. 

Socialvariationgivesrisetos_________whicharesubdivisibleintosmallerspeechcategoriesthatreflecttheirsocioeconomic,educational,occupationalbackground,etc.

26. 

S_______variationinaperson’sspeechorwritingusuallyrangesonacontinuumfromcasualorcolloquialtoformalorpoliteaccordingtothetypeofcommunicativesituation.

27. 

Aregionaldialectmaygainstatusandbecomestandardizedasthenationaloro________languageofacountry.

28. 

Thestandardlanguageisas_________,sociallyprestigiousdialectoflanguage.

29. 

Languagevarietiesotherthanthestandardarecallednonstandard,orv_______languages.

30.Apidgintypicallylacksini_______morphemes.

31.Linguistictabooreflectss_________taboo.

32. 

Theavoidanceofusingtaboolanguagemirrorssocialattitudes,emotionsandvaluejudgmentsandhasnol_________basis.

III.Therearefourchoicesfollowingeachstatement.Markthechoicethatcanbestcompletethestatement:

33._______isconcernedwiththesocialsignificanceoflanguagevariationandlanguageuseindifferentspeechcommunities.

A.PsycholinguisticsB.Sociolinguistics。

C.HistoricallinguisticsD.Generallinguistics

34.Themostdistinguishablelinguisticfeatureofaregionaldialectisits_____.

A.useofwordsB.useofstructures

C.accent。

D.morphemes

35.____isspeechvariationaccordingtotheparticularareawhereaspeakercomesfrom.

A.Regionalvariation。

B.Languagevariation

C.SocialvariationD.Registervariation

36._______arethemajorsourceofregionalvariationoflanguage.

A.Geographicalbarriers。

B.Loyaltytoandconfidenceinone’snativespeech

C.Physicaldiscomfortandpsychologicalresistancetochange

D.Socialbarriers

37._________meansthatcertainauthorities,suchasthegovernmentchoose,aparticularspeechvariety,standardizeitandspreadtheuseofitacrossregionalboundaries.

A.LanguageinterferenceB.Languagechanges

C.Languageplanning。

D.Languagetransfer

38._________inaperson’sspeechorwritingusuallyrangesonacontinuumfromcasualorcolloquialtoformalorpoliteaccordingtothetypeofcommunicativesituation.

A.RegionalvariationB.Changesinemotions

C.VariationinconnotationsD.Stylisticvariation。

39.A____isavarietyoflanguagethatservesasamediumofcommunicationamonggroupsofpeoplefordiverselinguisticbackgrounds.

A.linguafranca。

B.registerC.CreoleD.nationallanguage

40.Although_______aresimplifiedlanguageswithreducedgrammaticalfeatures,theyarerule-governed,likeanyhumanlanguage.

A.vernacularlanguagesB.creoles

C.pidgins。

D.sociolects

41.Innormalsituations,____speakerstendtousemoreprestigiousformsthantheir____counterpartswiththesamesocialbackground.

A.female;

male。

B.male;

femaleC.old;

youngD.young;

old

42. 

Alinguistic____referstoawordorexpressionthatisprohibitedbythe"

polite"

societyfromgeneraluse.

A.slangB.euphemismC.jargonD.taboo。

IV.Definethefollowingterms:

43.sociolinguistics44.speechcommunity45.speechvariety

46.languageplanning47.idiolect48.standardlanguage

49.nonstandardlanguage50.linguafranca51.pidgin

52.Creole53.diglossia54.Bilingualism

55.ethnicdialect56.Sociolect57.register

58.slang59.taboo60.euphemism

V.Answerthefollowingquestionsascomprehensivelyaspossible.Giveexamplesforillustrationifnecessary:

61.Discusswithexamplesthatthespeechofwomenmaydifferfromthespeechofmen.

62.DiscusswithexamplessomeofthelinguisticdifferencesbetweenStandardEnglishandBlackEnglish.

63.Whatisalinguistictaboo?

Whateffectdoesithaveonouruseoflanguage?

64.HowwouldyoudescribethediglossicsituationinChina?

65.WhatisthebasicideaofSapir-WhorfianHypothesis?

66.Howdoyouunderstand“Dialectsofthesamelanguagesometimesarenotmutuallyintelligible.”?

67.ExplainthedifferencesbetweenpidginandCreoleandthenspecifytheirlinguisticfeaturesrespectively.

68ExplainDellHymes’ethnographicalframework（SPEAKING）.

Referenceanswers

Sociolinguistics

I.DecidewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsisTrueorFalse:

l.F2.F3.T4.T5.T6.F7.F8.F9.F10.F

11.F12.T13.F14.F15.F16.T17.F18.F19.T20.F

21.community22.variety23.dialectal24.planning25.sociolects

26.Stylistic27.official28.superposed29.vernacular

30.inflectional31.social32.linguistic

III.Therearefourchoicesfollowingeachstatement.Markthechoicethatcanbestcompletethestatement:

33.B34.C35.A.36.A.37.C38.D39.A40.C41.A42.D

IV.Definethefollowingterms:

43. 

sociolinguistics:

Sociolinguisticsisthestudyoflanguageinsocialcontexts.

44. 

speechcommunity:

Thesocialgroupisolatedforanygivenstudyiscalledthespeechcommunityoraspeechcommunityisagroupofpeoplewhoformacommunityandsharethesamelanguageoraparticularvarietyoflanguage.Theimportantcharacteristicofaspeechcommunityisthatthemembersofthegroupmust,insomereasonableway,interactlinguisticallywithothermembersofthecommunity.Theymaysharecloselyrelatedlanguagevarieties,aswellasattitudestowardlinguisticnorms.

45. 

speechvariety:

Speechvariety,alsoknownaslanguagevariety,referstoanydistinguishableformofspeechusedbyaspeakerorgroupofspeakers.Thedistinctivecharacteristicsofaspeechvarietymaybelexical,phonological,morphological,syntactic,oracombinationoflinguisticfeatures.

46. 

languageplanning:

languagestandardizationisknownaslanguageplanning.Thismeansthatcertainauthorities,suchasthegovernmentorgovernmentagencyofacountry,chooseaparticularspeechvarietyandspreadtheuseofit,includingitspronunciationandspellingsystems,acrossregionalboundaries.

47. 

Idiolect:

Anidiolectisapersonaldialectofanindividualspeakerthatcombinesaspectsofalltheelementsregardingregional,social,andstylisticvariation,inoneformoranother.Inanarrowersense,whatmakesupone’sidiolectincludesalsosuchfactorsasvoicequality,pitchandspeechrhythm,whichallcontributetotheidentifyingfeaturesinanindividual'

sspeech.

48. 

standardlanguage:

Thestandardlanguageisasuperposed,sociallyprestigiousdialectoflanguage.Itisthelanguageemployedbythegovernmentandthejudiciarysystem,usedbythemassmedia,andtaughtineducationalinstitutions,includingschoolsettingswherethelanguageistaughtasaforeignorsecondlanguage.

49. 

nonstandardlanguage:

Languagevarietiesotherthanthestandardarecallednonstandardlanguages

50. 

linguafranca:

Alingu